MIDTERM
Week No.: 11
Module No.: 9
Main Topic: The Leap of science and technology during the
Scientific Revolution (A.D.1600-A.D 1700)
Kathryn Idrisha K. Aldea , Hans A. Caronan and Ma.
References: Blessilda O. Candido, Science technology and
society, book atbp. Publishing corp. 2018.
Do you know?
Sir Isaac newton (1642-1727). English physicist,
mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the
most important scientists of all the time. Newton formulated laws of
universal gravitation and motion- laws that explain how object on
Earth as well as through the heavens.
Newton’s first law of motion states that if the vector sum of
the forces acting on an object is zero, then the object will remain
the rest or remain moving at constant velocity. The Law of
Inertia.
Newton’s second law relates to net force and acceleration. A
net force on an object will accelerate it- that is, change its velocity.
The acceleration will be proportional to the magnitude of the force
and the same direction as the force. The Law of Acceleration.
Newton’s third law of motion states that an object experience
a force because it is interacting with some other object. The force
that object 1on the object 2 must be of the magnitude but in the
opposite direction as the force that object 2 exerts on object 1. The
law of interaction.
Newton’s law of universal Gravitation. Pull of the Earth on its
The Leap of science and technology during
the Scientific Revolution (A.D.1600-A.D 1700)
The scientific revolution was the emergence of modern science during the early modern
period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry
transformed the views of society and nature. The scientific revolution began in Europe towards
the end of the Renaissance period and continued through the late 18th century, influencing the
intellectual social movement known as the Enlightenment.
Science and technology development
1. Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is often cited
as marking the beginning of the scientific revolution.
2. William Gilbert (1544- 1630) published books On the magnet and magnetic
bodies, and the great magnet the earth in 1600, which laid the foundations of a
theory of magnetism and electricity. Gilbert provided a hyper-empirical study of
magnets, magnetism and electricity wit speculation about cosmology.
3. Tycho Brahe (1546-1603) a Danish nobleman. He is known for his accurate and
comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was assisted by
Johannes Kepler, where the latter used the information to develop his own
theories as Astronomy. In November 1572, He discovered the ‘Tycho’s star’or
the ‘Star of 1572’, a dramatic supernova believed to appear in Cassiopeia
constellation which became the talk of Europe and the great Comet in 1577.
Proposed a system in which the sun and moon is named after him, as in the crater
of Tycho Brahe on Mars.
4. Johannes Kepler (1571- 1630) first publication in astronomy, called
Cosmographic Mystery presented a stridently Copernican worldview dedicated to
drawing together mathematical astronomy, physics, and quasi-Pythogorean
religious perspective in hope of a new astronomy; He published the first two of
three laws of planetary motion 1609; published his Ad vitellioem paralipomena
quibus astronomiae pars optica traditor (the optical part of astronomy) where he
argues that the light rays are rectilinear, that they diminished in intensity by the
inverse square of their distance as they travel from the light source; astromia
nova (new astronomy) shows that Mars moves non-uniformly in an elliptical path
and possesses a qualsi-magnetic power or virtue emanating from a son as a partial
explanation for the planetary motion; Harmonice Monde (Harmonies of the
World) presents his so called ‘third law’which draws attention to the relationship
between the annual periods of the planets and their mean distance from the sun.
5. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) published Novum Organum in 1620, which
outlined a new system of logic based on the process of reduction, which he
offered as an improvement over Aristotle’s philosophical process of syllogism.
He was a pivotal figure in establishing the scientific method of investigation.
6. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) the famous Italian Astronomer who demonstrated
that a projectile follows a parabolic path; 1608, he invented the telescope
(‘SPYGLASS’) which employs a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece;
1609, he constructed his first telescope and turns it toward the heaven and able to
discover and argues there are innumerable stars invisible to the naked eye; he
discover mountains on the moon and four moons circling Jupiter; later in 1610,
Galileo observes that phases of Venus, which suggested to him that waning and
waxing planet must circle the Sun; discovered the sunspots; noted that Saturn
appeared to have ‘handles’ and troubled over what could give rise to such an
appearance; 1616, the year of the infamous injuction against Galileo, was warned
by the Inquisition not to hold or defend the hypothesis asserted in Copernicus’ On
the Revolutions, though it has been debated whether he was admonished not to
‘teach in any way’ the heliocentric theory. This work was in turn placed on the
Index of Prohibited Books until corrected.
7. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) published his Discourse on the Method in 1637,
which help to establish the scientific method.
8. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek (1596-1727) constructed powerful single lens
microscopes and made extensive observations that he published around 1660,
opening up the micro-world of biology.
9. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) built upon the work of Kepler and Galileo. He
showed that an inverse square law of gravity explained the elliptical orbits of the
planets, and advanced the law of universal gravitation; in his Prinvipia, Newton
theorized his axiomatic three laws of motion.
10. Alexander Koyre, in the 20th century he introduced the term “Scientific
Revolution”, centering his analysis on Galileo, and the term was popularized by
Butterfield in his Origins of Modern Science.
11. John Locke is recognized founder of empiricism and proposed in an essay
concerning human understanding that the only true knowledge that could be
accessible to human understanding that the only true knowledge that could be
accessible to the human was that which was based on experiences. He argued that
the human mind was created as a tabula rasa, a “blank tablet”, upon which
sensory impressions were recorded and built up knowledge through a process of
reflection.
12. Robert Boyle an English chemist considered to have refined the modern
scientific method for alchemy and to have separated chemistry further from
alchemy. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist and
therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of
modern experimental scientific method. Although Boyles was not an original
doscover; he is best known for Boyle’s law, which he presented in 1662: the law
describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure
and volume of gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. He
built an Air and many new instruments were devised in this period, which greatly
aided in the expansion of scientific knowledge.
13. Refracting telescopes first appeared in the Netherlands in 1608. The spectacle
marker Hans Lippershey, Zacharias Janseen and Jacob Metius of Alkmaarall
contributed to its invention.
14. Evangelista Torricelli (1607-1647) was best known for his invention of the
mercury barometer. The motivation for the invention was to improve on the
sanction pumps that were used to raise water out of the mines.
ACTIVITY NO. 9
Name: _________________________________________________ Date:
_________________
Course and Year: _______________________________________ Block:
________________
What to do?
Choose two proponents of science and technology from the science and technology from
the science revolution period and make a journey or newsletter on how to promote their
contributions done during this period. (one page journal type blog).
