Q1.
Connor is estimating the answer to 385 + 1479
(a) He rounds each number to the nearest 10
Work out his estimate.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Answer _________________________
(2)
(b) Connor says,
“My estimate will be more than the exact answer.”
How does he know this without working out the exact answer?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q2.
Millie is estimating the value of
She rounds each decimal number to 1 significant figure.
(a) Work out Millie’s estimate.
You must show your working.
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Answer ____________________
(2)
Page 1 of 13
(b) Millie says,
“My estimate must be more than the exact value.”
Without working out the exact value, give a reason how she can know this.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q3.
By rounding each number to the nearest 10, estimate the value of 31 × 18
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_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Answer _________________________
(Total 3 marks)
Q4.
Freddie tries to work out
His answer is 37.65
By rounding each number to the nearest 10, show that his answer is incorrect.
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_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)
Page 2 of 13
Q6.
By rounding each number to the nearest 10, estimate the value of 262 ÷ 19.8
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_______________________________________________________________________
Answer _________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)
Q7.
(a) Use your calculator to work out 9.952 × 29.8
Give your answer as a decimal.
Write down your full calculator display.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Answer _________________________________________
(1)
(b) Is your answer to part (a) sensible?
Use approximations to decide.
You must show your working.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Tick a box.
Sensible Not sensible
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Q8.
(a) Use your calculator to work out the exact value of
Answer _________________________________________
Page 3 of 13
(1)
(b) Use approximations to 1 significant figure to check if your answer to part (a) is
sensible.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Q9.
a = 4.72 to 3 significant figures.
b = 158 to 3 significant figures.
Work out the upper bound of
You must show your working.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Answer ______________________________
(Total 3 marks)
Q10.
The length of each side of a regular pentagon is 8.4 cm to 1 decimal place.
(a) Complete the error interval for the length of one side.
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___________________ cm ≤ length < ___________________ cm
(2)
(b) Complete the error interval for the perimeter.
___________________________________________________________________
Page 4 of 13
___________________ cm ≤ perimeter < ___________________ cm
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q11.
Three whole numbers are each rounded to the nearest 10
The sum of the rounded numbers is 70
Work out the maximum possible sum for the original three numbers.
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_______________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Answer _________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)
Page 5 of 13
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) 390 or 1480
M1
1870
A1
Additional Guidance
Answer only
M1A1
Ignore calculation of 1864 but 1870 only coming from incorrect rounding of 1864 is
M0
(b) Valid explanation referring to both of the original numbers being rounded up
eg he rounded each number up
or
each rounded number is bigger than the actual number
or
390 is bigger than 385 and 1480 is bigger than 1479
B1
Additional Guidance
Ignore irrelevant, non-contradictory statements
Ignore 1864 alongside a correct explanation
Incorrect rounding or values seen in this part even alongside a correct explanation
B0
The numbers are rounded up (to the nearest 10)
B1
385 became 390 and 1479 became 1480
B1
One number increased 5 and the other 1 (so it will be 6 bigger)
B1
385 became 390 and 1479 became 1500
B0
The numbers are rounded to the nearest 10
B0
It’s rounding so the answer is bigger
B0
1870 is bigger than 1864
B0
[3]
Page 6 of 13
Q2.
(a) 8 or 10
8 may be implied by 22 or 4
M1
8 and 10
and
or 0.025
8 may be implied by 22 or 4
accept 0.03 with or 0.025 seen
A1
Additional Guidance
Do not allow exact calculations for M1A1
eg 4.113 = 4 and 10.21 = 10 and
M1A0
or 0.025 with 8 or 10 seen (8 may be implied by 22 or 4)
M1A0
or 0.025 without 8 or 10 seen (8 may be implied by 22 or 4)
M0A0
(b) Valid explanation
eg both numbers have been rounded down
B1
Additional Guidance
Ignore irrelevant reasons alongside a correct reason, unless contradictory
Ignore a calculation using exact values alongside a correct reason
eg 0.025 is greater than 0.0238… and both numbers rounded down
B1
0.025 is greater than 0.0238…
B0
The denominator is smaller
B1
The denominator using the exact values is bigger
B1
(Decimals) rounded down
B1
Because 8.34 is more than 8 and 10.21 is more than 10
Page 7 of 13
B1
One is divided by less (with answer more)
B1
Estimating rounds the numbers down which makes the denominator less
B1
Estimating rounds the numbers down which makes it less
B0
Because it rounds up
B0
Because she rounded each number to one significant figure
B0
The numbers get rounded up so more than the exact value
B0
Rounded up when estimating
B0
Removing the decimals makes the number bigger
B0
[3]
Q3.
30
B1
20
B1
(30 and 20 and) 600
ft their 30 × their 20 with B1B0 or B0B1
SC1 (31 x 18 =) 558, answer 560
B1ft
Additional Guidance
Answer only 600 with no working
B1B1B1
Answer 558 with neither 30 nor 20 seen
B0B0B0
30 × 18 with answer 540
B1B0B1ft
31 × 20 with answer 620 and answer 600 (ignore further work)
B0B1B1ft
31 × 20 with answer 600
B0B1B0ft
[3]
Q4.
Page 8 of 13
30 or 80 or 10
M1
M1dep
11 with 30, 80 and 10 seen
A1
Additional Guidance
11 with no working
M0M0A0
[3]
Q5.
(a) 494.325 or or
or
40.96 or or
535.29 or 535.3 or
or 535
M1
535.285
A1
Additional Guidance
Ignore any subsequent truncation or rounding if 535.285 seen in working
M1A1
(b) 103 and 2 and 62
and 536
and indicates Sensible
ft correct decision for comparing 536 with their 535.285
B2 103 and 2 and 62 seen
B1 any two of 10, 2 and 6 seen allow 1000 to imply 10 or 103
and 36 to imply 6 or 62 for B1 or B2 only
Additional Guidance
Students must give the correct ft decision for part (a) for B3
Page 9 of 13
Correct decision for their (a) should be Sensible if their 535.285 is 530 or 540 to 2 sf.
Otherwise they should indicate Not sensible
Condone e.g. 10.00 for 10 etc
[5]
Q6.
(262 rounded to) 260
or
(19.8 rounded to) 20
or
26 ÷ 2
M1
13
A1
Additional Guidance
13 embedded
eg 260 ÷ 13 = 20
M1A0
Beware, 13 may not get full marks eg 262 ÷ 20 = 13.1, answer 13
M1A0
300 ÷ 20
M1A0
[2]
Q7.
(a) 2950.2745(00...)
B1
Additional Guidance
2’950.2745 or 2,950.2745
B1
2.950.2745
B0
Allow correct rounding or truncation once full value seen
(b) 10 or 102 or 100 or 30
M1
10 × 10 × 30 or 102 × 30
or 100 × 30
M1dep
10 × 10 × 30 = 3000 and Sensible
Page 10 of 13
or
102 × 30 = 3000 and Sensible
or
100 × 30 = 3000 and Sensible
ft their answer to part (a) for the decision
A1ft
Additional Guidance
3000 (and Sensible) with no working
M0M0A0
Their decision must be based on part (a) unless new calculation shown in part (b)
102 × 30 = 3000 and 102 × 29 = 2900 and Sensible
102 × 30 and 102 × 29 and Sensible
M1M1A0
102 × 29 = 2900 and Sensible
M1M0A0
ft should be Sensible if their part (a) is 3000 to 1sf or vice versa
eg (a) 295.02745 (b) 10 × 10 × 30 = 3000 and Not sensible
(B0)M1M1A1ft
[4]
Q8.
(a) 752 951 or 752951 or 752,951
Allow commas even if positioning incorrect
eg 75,2951 or 752’951 B1
B1
Additional Guidance
752.951
B0
(b) 20 000 and 400 and 10
and
800 000 and Yes
ft correct decision for their answer to (a)
oe decision e.g. it is sensible
B2 20 000 and 400 and 10
B1 20 000 or 400 or 10
B3ft
Additional Guidance
800 000 (and Yes) with no other values
B0
If answer to (a) is 800 000 to 1sf then the correct ft decision in (b) is Yes
Page 11 of 13
eg1 (a) 770 000 (b) decision should be Yes
eg2 (a) 1762 (b) decision should be No
eg3 (a) 752.951 (b) allow decision to be Yes or No
[4]
Q9.
4.715 or 4.725
or
157.5 or 158.5
accept or 4.7249…
accept or 158.49…
B1
their 4.725 ÷ their 157.5
their 4.725 must be (4.72, 4.725]
their 157.5 must be [157.5, 158)
M1
0.03
and
correct working
oe eg
A1
Additional Guidance
Answer 0.03 with no correct working
B0M0A0
4.7249 exact value with no continuation dots seen
B0
[3]
Q10.
(a) 8.35 and 8.45 in the correct order
B1 8.35 on the left or 8.45 on the right
or 8.45 and 8.35 in the wrong order
accept for 8.45
B2
Additional Guidance
Do not accept 8.449... for
(b) 41.75 and 42.25
correct or ft their two different values from (a)
Page 12 of 13
their 8.35 must be in the range (8.3, 8.4]
their 8.45 must be in the range (8.4, 8.5]
correct order or ft order
accept for 42.25
B1ft
Additional Guidance
(8.3, 8.4] does not include 8.3 but does include 8.4
(8.4, 8.5] does not include 8.4 but does include 8.5
Answer of 8.35 and 8.44 in part (a) leading to 41.75 and 42.2
B1ft
Answer of 8 and 9 in part (a) leading to 40 and 45
B0ft
[3]
Q11.
Alternative method 1
Three whole numbers that each are less than 80 and have units digit 4
or
States that each number must have units digit 4
M1
82
A1
Alternative method 2
Correctly evaluated trial for three whole numbers, none of which are a multiple
of 10, and that, when rounded, total 70
eg 33 + 33 + 13 = 79
M1
82
A1
Additional Guidance
39 + 33 + 13 = 85 (40 + 30 + 10 = 80)
M0
Beware 82 from incorrect values, e.g. 39 + 24 + 19 = 82
M0A0
Ignore incorrectly evaluated trials that do not solely lead to the answer
[2]
Page 13 of 13
