Unit one review questions (Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table)

1. In naturally occurring copper isotopes, 63 29Cu contributes 69.09% and 6529Cu, 30.91%.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of copper. (Accurate mass determined; 29 63Cu =
62.9298 mu, 29 65Cu = 64.9278 mu)
2. List the three fundamental particles of matter, and indicate the mass and charge
associated with each.
3. What evidence from cathode ray tube experiments shows
a. That electrons are negatively charged and
b. That electrons have mass?
4. What evidence do we have that all atoms contain electrons?
5. How are canal rays produced? Are they due to subatomic particles? How do we know?
6. Describe the Plum-pudding model of the atom proposed by Thomson.
7. Distinguish among alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
8. Outline Rutherford’s contribution to our understanding of the nature of atoms
9. Define and illustrate the following terms clearly and concisely.
a. Atomic number c. isotope
b. Mass number d. atomic mass
10. Describe the limitations of Dalton’s Atomic Theory.
11. Explain the following
a. law of conservation of mass c. law of definite proportions and
b. Law of multiple proportions.
12. Explain the following based on Rutherford gold foil experiment
a. Why majority of the alpha -particles penetrating the foil where undeflected?
b. Why small fraction of the alpha -particles showed slight deflection?
c. Why all alpha-particles did not bounced by an angle of 180°?
13. Based on the finding of Rutherford’s experiment how will you conclude that most of the
space in the atom is empty?
14. Which observation led to conclusion that all the positive charge in the atom is
concentrated in the nucleus?
15. What is the mass number of an isotope of tin that has 66 neutrons and 50 protons?
16. Calculate the number of protons and neutrons for 24 12Mg and 88 38Sr.
17. What is electromagnetic radiation
18. Explain the following terms clearly and concisely in relation to electromagnetic radiation
a. Wavelength c. frequency
b. Amplitude d. electromagnetic spectrum
19. Calculate the wavelength, in meters, of radiation of the following frequencies
a. 5×1015S-1 b. 7.12×1012S-1
20. Calculate the frequencies of radiation of the following wavelengths.
a. 10.000A0 b. 2.3×10-5cm
b. 520nm d. 5679 m
21. What is the energy of a photon of each of the radiations in exercise 20?
22. The threshold frequency for metallic potassium is 5.46 × 1014 s–1. Calculate the
maximum kinetic energy and velocity that the emitted electron has when the wavelength
of light shining on the potassium surface is 350 nm. (The mass of an electron is 9.11 ×
10–31 kg.).
23. A photon with enough energy, 5.1 electron volts (eV) of energy to be precise, will eject
an electron from a piece of gold, what frequency and wavelength do light with this
energy have? note:1eV = 1.60×10-19 joules
24. Calculate the energies of the states of the hydrogen atom with n = 2 and n = 3, and
calculate the wavelength of the photon emitted by the atom when an electron makes a
transition between these two states.
25. What is the wavelength of a photon emitted during a transition from the ni = 4 state to the
nf = 3 state in the hydrogen atom?
26. What was de Broglie contribution to our understanding of the nature of atoms?
27. What is the characteristic wavelength of an electron (in nm) that has a velocity of 5.97 ×
106 m s–1 (me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg)?
28. State the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
29. Write the electron configuration of an element with atomic number 35 using quantum
mechanical principle
30. Write the electron configuration for the Co3+, Cl– , Al+, Cr, and Cu.
31. Explain the following:
a The first ionization energy of beryllium is greater than that of boron.
 b The first ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen.
c The first ionization energy of lithium is greater than that of sodium
32. Arrange the following in order of increasing atomic radius Mg, Cs, Ca, Al, Ba.
33. Arrange the atoms (ions) in each of the following groups in order of increasing
size based on their location in the periodic table.
a Mg2+, O2–, Na+, F –, Al3+
b Ne, N3–, F –, Na+, C 4–
c F, Be, C, B, Li
d K+, S2–, As3–, Cl–, Ca2+
34. Write the number and the letter for the orbital that corresponds to the following pairs of n
and l quantum numbers:
a n = 3, l = 1 c n = 3, l = 2

b n = 4, l = 0 d n = 5, l = 3

35. Which of the following values will decrease as you move left to right in a period of the
periodic table?
Electro affinity electronegativity atomic radius atomic number
36. Which of these elements has the greatest ionization energy

Cesium Rubidium Lithium Potassium

37. Elements from which group in the periodic table will have the lowest first ionization
energies

Alkali metals halogens noble gases group III

38. Which of the following has the highest electro affinity

Br- Kr Br Rb+ Rb
39. Which group of elements can be predicted to have the lowest second ionization energy
Group V group VII group II group I group VIII
40. Arrange the following in order of increasing ionization energy: Li, Na, Ne, N, O