\

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow

BA.LL.D. (Hons.)
Seventh Semester
2024
Human Rights Law
COURSE CONTENT

Obiective of the Course Study:

The main focus of this course is on the ideas and concepts that inform National and
international human rights law and practice. and on the relationship between human
rights and other contemporary phenomena and processes. The course does not aim to
cover the field of human rights exhaustive ly, rather to concentrate on certain areas
examining them from a variety of angles (theoretical. historical, doctrinal , etc). Overall
the aim is to acquire a critic.ii knowledge of central aspects of international human rights
law, and an ability to contextuali ze them.

Examples of the themes that will run through the course are:

I. Theoretical and philosophical dimensions:

2. Social justice and human rights:
3. Institutions, processes and adjudication:
4. Human rights in times of upheaval.

Unit 1 - Human Rights and its proliferation

I. Introduction: Bases and Sources

2. Origi n of the Concept of Human Rights, Definitions. Theories
3. Kinds of Human Rights
4. The International Bill of Human Rights, Role of the United Nations
5. United Declaration of lluman Ri ghts
a. Civil and Political Rights
b. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Unit-2- Human Rights Leg.al Provisions and Perspectives

I. International Human Rights Pro,.,isions: Core Human Rights treaties and India
India· s reservations to International Human Rights Treaties
2. Regional Approach: American Provisions on Human Rights and
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR),
3. National Human Rights Provisions: Protection of I luman Right Act 1993. National
Commission for Women Act 1990.

• I I
 Unit 3-Cballenges before the Human Rights
l . International Conve ti
2. Human Rights dun' n Eons on Torture. Inhuman and degrading Treatment.
· ng -mergency
3. Human Rights and Indian Judicia~

Unit 4- Human Rights and Special lntcrestll/Dis11dvantaged Groups: Women

and Children

I. Legal framework for protection of Women Righ ts

2. Legal framework for protection of Child Rights
3. Legal framework for protection of Person with Disabilities
4. Legal framework for protection of Religious. Linguistic and Sexual minorities

Unit 5- Contemporary Issues and Emerging Dimension of Ruman Rights

I. Introduction of Refugee Law: Status of refugees in India under UNHCR.

India and I95 1 Convention, Protection v.~thout legislation and judicial
detennination
2. Rights of unorganized labour and migrant workers

Suggested Readings :

I. Amartya Sen, The Idea Justice, New Delhi: Penguin Books. 2009.
2. Conor Greaty and Adam Tomkins (Eds).UndersumdinK Human RiKhts. London:
MansheU. 1996.
3. David Beetham. Politics and Human Rights, Oxford: Blackwell. 1995
4. James Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights: Philosophical Reflections on the
Universal
5. Declaralion of Human Righls. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
6. John Rawls, u1w ofthe People. Cambridge: Harvard Uni versity Press, 2001.
7. Michael f reeman, Human Righ1s: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Oxford: Polity.

2002.
8. SAHRDC. Human Rig/11s and Humaniwrio11 Law, New Delhi: South Asian
Human Rights Documentation Centre. 2002
9. Julius Stone : Human Law and Human Justice (2000). Universal. New Delhi
10. UN. Human Rights : A Compilation of international Lnstruments (New York

.''
2
 SYLLA BUS
B.A.L.L.B (Hons. )Vll Semester, 2022

CYBE RLAW
Dr. Aman Deep Singh
Dr.Shakuntala

UNIT-I Introduction to the Cyber Space

A.Definition and dimensio ns of Cyber Space
B.Evolut ion of Internet and Web Technology
C. Internet Governance

D.lssues of jurisdiction in Cyber Space: International Perspective

UNIT-U Regulation ofCyber Space
A.International Legal Regime
-UNCITRAL Model Law on E-Commerce 1996
B.Domestic Legal Regime-Cyber Law in India

-lnfonnatfon Technology Act 2000: Digital Signature,E-Govemance. Certifyin g Authorities.Liability of

lntennediaries. Cyber torts, Data privacy protection. Jurisdicti on etc.

UNlT-m E-Commerce

A.UNCITRAL Model Law of E-Commerce

B.Types of E-Commerce

C.E-Contracts in India :Types, Validity, Legal Issues

C.lmportant issues in E-Commerce: Consume r Protectio n, Content Regulatio n etc.

Unit-IV IPR issues

A.Copyright issues: Framing, Linking, Content Protectio n

13.Trademark issues: Domain Name dispute, Adwords, Unifonn Dispute Resolution Policy

C. Open Data Pol icy

Unit-VCyber crimes
A.lntroduction-Cyber crimes; Classification of Cyber crimes

B.Cyber crime and related concepts

ology Act.2000, Indian
C.Regulation ofCyber crimes-Relevant provisions under Information Techn
Penal Code and Evidence Act etc.

SUGGESTIVE READING:
ia L.
,Patric
I. Cyber Law: problem of policy and jurisprudence in the information age -Bcllia
2. Legal Dimes ions of Cyberspace( ILI) -S.K Verma.Raman Minal.
3. Commentary on the lnfonnation technology Act -Bhansali,S.R.
4. Information Technology- Law & Practice-2014 -Shanna, Vakul.
5. Cyber Law Indian and International Perspectives-2012 -Viswanatha
n, Aparna.
responses 2008 -Akdcniz
6. Internet Child pornography and the law: National and International
,Yaman.
7. Cyber Law :lnfonnation Technology Act 2000 -Ryder, Rodney D.
8. Cyber Laws in the Information Technology Age:2009-Seth, Kamika.
9. Cyber-crime in India: a comparative study 2009 -Dasgupta,M.
 LAW OFTAXATION
(DIRECT TAX AND INDIRECT TAX )

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND AND CONCEPT OF TAXATION
• DEFINITION OF INCOME
• APPLICATION OF INCOME/QIVERSION OF INCOME

UNIT D: INCOME EXEMPTED FROM TAXATION

• PURPOSE OF EXEMPTION OF INCOME
• rNCOME EXEMPTED FROM INCOME TAX
• AGRJCULTURAL INCOME
G TOTAL INCOME
UNIT ID: RESIDENCE STATUS OF PERSON IN DETERMININ
• SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDENTIAL STATUS
• TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF RESIDENTIAL STATUS
• INCOME DEEMED TO ACCRUE AND ARISE IN INDIA

UNIT IV: HEADS OF INCOME

• SALARIES
• INCOME FROM HOUSE PROPERTY
• PROFITS AND GAfNS OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSION
• CAPITAL GAINS
SSEE'S TOTAL
UNIT V: INCOME OF OTHER PERSONS INCLUDED IN ASSE
INCOME
• CLUBBING OF INCOME

UNIT-VI: INDIRECT TAXATION

• CONSTITUlONAL PROVISIONS-BASIC CONCEPT OF GST
• REVERSE CHARGE MECHANISMS AND ITC
• BASIC IDEA ON CUSTOMS ACT.

Suggested Readings
J. Dr. Vinod Singhania, "Students Guide to Income Tax ", Tax.m
an's (rece nt edition).
cation (recent edition).
2. Dr. Girisb Ahuja, " Direct Taxes Law and Practice", Bharat Publi
(recent edition).
3. Dr. Vinod Singhania, " Direct Taxes Law and Practice". Taxman's
4. INCOME TAX ACT as amended by Finance Act 2017.
Dr Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University
LLB
2024-25
Monsoon Semester (7th Semester)
Course Title: International Trade Law
Course Aims
The introductory course on lnternationaJ Trade Law in the Bachelor of Laws aims to
introduce learners to thelegal regime for international trade as it evolved against the backdrop
of hegemony of the imperial powers and continued resistance of the third world countries.It
ex.plains the core principles including the principle of special and differential treatment which
are used to ensure participation of developing countries and least developed countries and
secure trade liberalization using a multilateral legal framework.

Unit- I: Introduction to lntenational Trade Law

a) Free Trade, Protectionism & International Trade Theories

b) Need and Purpose of International Trade Law
c) Regionalism, Multilateralism, and the Making of GATI, 1947
d) UNCTAD and New International Economic Order
e) Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations

Unit- D: UnderstandingWTO& its Dispute Settlement Mechanism

a) Functions, and Structure of the WTO

b) Decision Making in the WTO
c) Jurisdiction, Institutions, and Process of the Dispute Settlement
d) Developing -Country Members and WTO Dispute Settlement
e) Contemporary Challenges 10 the WTO Dispute Settlement

Unit - 111:Core Principles of the Multilateral Trading System

a) Most -Favoured Nation Treatment

b) National Treatment Obligation
c) Special and Differential Treatment
• Generalized System of Preferences
d) Overv iew of the General Exceptions to the Core Principles
Unit-IV: Legal Regime on lmportantlssues In International Trade

a) Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers

b) Basic Elements of WTO Law on Dumping
c) Legal Treatment of Subsidies
d) Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
e) Trade in Services

UDit - V: Challenges in International Trade

a) Rise in Trade Protectionism

b) National Security and International Trade
c) Rise in WTO Plurilaterals and FTAs
d) Lack of Transparency in Negotiation Process
e) C limate Change and Sustainable Development

Recommended Books:

• Raj Bhala, ·'Modern GAIT l a w: A Treatise 0 11 the law and Political Economy of the
GA 7T & other W. T. 0 Agreeme ms". Sweet and Maxwell, 2nded ., 201 3
• Simon Lester, Bryon Me rcurio, & Arwel Davies., " World Trade l aw- Text. Materials
and Commentary", Bloomsbury Publishing, Jrd ed., 2018
• Peter Van den Bossche, Werner Zdouc, " The law and Policy of the World Trade
Organization ", Cambridge University Press,41h ed., 2017
• Michael Fakhri;'Sugar and the Making of lnternarional Trade Law", Cambridge
Univers ity Press. IS1 ed .. 2014

• Steve Chamovitz, " The Path of World Trade law in the 2 /3' Century" , World
Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd .. I st ed., 201 5
• MitusoMatsushita, Thomas J. Schoebaum,Petros C Mavroidis, & Michael Hahn, "n1e
World Trade Organization-Law. Practice and Policy", Oxford University Press, 3rd
ed. ,201 7
• Abhijit Das and James J. Nedumpara (eds), "WTO Di5pute Seu/ement at Twenty:
insider 's Refleclions on India 's Participation", Springer, Ist ed., 201 6

f I f
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RJGHTS-1
B.A. LL.8. (Hons.) 2024-25 VU th Semester -Dr. Vikas Bhati

Brief overview:

In the words of Jeremy Phillips a renowned IP scholar, ".. lntellecruol property is the
Carmen of
tes which
commercial law; it is a subject with charm, personality and force ofcharacter, allribu
ical
are more tellingly depicted by the impressionistic strokes of artist ·s brush than by anatom
tual
dissection.·• The course thus aims 10 whet the appelilc, and not to sate it. The intellec
1

to IP,
property law course is divided in two parts, herein IPR -I would cover, introduction
r of [P
rudiments of Trademark law, Copyright law, Geographical Indications and.las tly, transfe
and principle of exhaustion.

Objttt1ves:

- To develop understanding of the IP in its conceptual, forms and historical context.

- To understand the rationaJe behind the grant of IPRs.
- To have an overview of international legaJ instruments on CPR.
- To understand trademark law, copyright law and Geographical Indications in its why?
What? and how?
- To understand transfer of IP and principle of exhaustion in Indian context.

Approximate Number of Class Houn: 50

Contents:

(07 Class Hours)

UNIT-I: Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights
• Concept and Kinds of IPRs.
• HisloricaJ development and importance of IP in present context.

Jeremy Phillips and Alison

1 Jeremy Philips in Preface to first edition of Introduc tion to Intellect ual Property Low,
Forth, Oxford Universi ty Press, 4 °' Ed. (2006).
 • Rationale for Intellectual Property protection.
• Major International Legal Instruments on IPR- Role and Importance.
UNIT-II: Tndemark., Law (/5 Class Hours)
• Definition, Kinds and Use of Trademark.
• Concept of distinctiveness and deceptive similarity.
• Registration of Trademark.
• Infringement and passing off.
• Domain name disputes, ad-words and metatags.

UNIT-Ill : Th:e Copyright Law (15 Class Hours)

• Meaning and subject matter of copyright
• Threshold for Copyright protection.
• Ec-0nomic rights, neighboring rights, and moral rights.
• Ownership of Copyright.
• Co,pyright infringement & Fair Dealings.
• Changes brought by the 2012 Amendment Act.

UNIT-V:Protection of Geognphical Indications (6 Class Hours)

• Concept, function and need for protection of Gl s.
• Gls and Appellation of Origin.
• Registration of Gls in India.
• Trademarks and Gls interface.
• India's experience with GI protection: Issues and Challenges

UNLT-V: Transfer of lP and Principle of Exhaustion (7 Class Hours)

• Licensing and Assignment of Trademarks.
• Assignment and licensing of Copyrights.
• Principle of Exhaustion in Indian Context.
• Parallel Imports and Indian IP Law.
Suggested Readings: (arranged alphabetically)
 • Ahuja, V. K., law of Copyright d N · hL- -: R" h
an e,g U(ff1ng tg l.s: National and lnlernatiorral Perspectives Lexis
Nexis, (2007). •

• Ahuja, V.K. ..(ett. ..all). Hand-Book on the Geographical lndicaJions, Guwahati : OPUT, (2002)
• Bently. Liond, Intellectual Property Law. Oxford University Press, (20 18).
• Bently. Lionel, Trademarks and Brands: An Interdisciplinary Critique, Cambridge University, (2008).
• Comish, William, ln1el/ectual Proper/)•: Patents, Copyright, Trademarks, and Allied Rights, Sweet &
Maxwell, (2016).
• Echols' Marsha A·• Geographtea " I I nd,cations
' · fior Food Products: International Legal and Regulatory
PerspeClives, Wolter Kluwer, (2008).
• Gamen, Kevin, Copinger and Skone James on Copyright, Sweet & Maxwell, (2005 ).
• Gervais, Daniel, Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights, Kluwer Law International,
(20 10).

• Goldstein, Paul, Goldstein on Copyright, Wolters Kluwer, (2008).

• Gomulkiewicz, Roben W, Nguyen. Xuan-Thao N and Conway-Jones, Danielle.Licensing Intellectual
Property: Law and ApplicaJion, Aspen Publishers, Co., (2008).
• Intellectual Property Rights Case Digest: Comprehensive Co\lerage of Trademarks, Copyright, Patent and
Design Case law, CCH India, (2008).
Kitchin, David, Kerly's Law of Trademarks and Trade Names, Sweet & Maxwell, (2007).
Macmillan, Fiona, New Directions in Copyright law. Edward Elgar, (2007).
• Nair, Latha. Rand Rajendra Kumar, Geographical Indications: Search/or ldentit)', LexisNexis, (2005).
• Narayana, P. S, lntelleClllal Property law in India, Gogia Law Agency, (2007).
• Narayanan, P, Law ofCopyright and Industrial Designs. Eastern Book Co., (2007).
• Padmanabhan, Analh, Intellectual Property Rights: Infringement and Remedies. lexisNexis Butterworths,
(20 12).

• Partridge, Mark V. B. and Barengolts, Phillip, Trademark and Copyright Litigation: Forms and Practice,
Oxford University Press, (2011 ).
th
Phillips, Jeremy, Introduction to Intellectual Property law, 4 Ed., Oxford University Press, (2006).
•
Rajasingh, Betsy Vinolia, Digital copyright law: Study of Limitations and Exceptions Relating to
•
EducaJion, Thomas Reuters, (2020).
Rosen, Ronald S.,Music and Copyright, Oxford University Press, (2008).
•
Srinivasa Iyengar, T. R., tvengar's Copyright Act. /957, Lexis Law Pub., (2008).
•
Torremans, Paul, Copyright Law: Handbook ofContemporary Research, Edward Elgar, (2007).
•
Yerkey, Elizabeth, lnteJ/ectual Property, Eastern Book Company, (2021).
•
Wadhwa, Kapil and Venkateswaran, S., Trademarks and Passing Off, Lexis Nexis Butterwonhs Wadhwa
•
Nagpur, (2010).

.. • t xhaustive. Additional material may be suggested during class.

Note: The above I1st as no e
 SEMESTER Vil

ALTERNATl VE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Historically. the various methods which are used 10 settle disputes have ranged from negotiation to
eou~!'1 litigation and even to physical combat. But the legal needs of the various coun~ies,
~ultma11onal compan ies and ordinary people have changed over the last decade. When faced with a
dispu_te, people are learning that whene,•er possible, it is more advantageous and expeditious to reach
practical and private arrangements than to fi ght for years and spend huge amount of money in courtroom
bantes. 11,e increasi ng growth of Global trade and delay in disposal of cases have made it imperative to
have the perception of the Alternative Dispute Resolution, which, in essence. refe rs to a wide spectrum
of legal avenues that use means which arc other than the courtroom litigation. The ADR mechanism
which includes mediation. conciliation. arbitration, mini trial etc. (the list is not exhaustive), thus, can be
the answer of the search of an effective, expeditious & cost-effective dispute resolution mechanism of a
country. ll1e course aims to provide the students the theoretical understanding of the concepts and legal
provisions of ADR with a special focus on commercial arbitration. The course contains the Units as
follows:

UNIT-I: Introduction to ADR

• An Introduction to the Various Modes of Alternative Dispute Resolution System
• The Historical Development of the Alternative Dispute Resolution System in India
• Choice of Appropriate methods in a Commercial Dispute
• Some Innovative Experiments of ADR in India

UNIT-II: Principle:s Governing the Commercial Arbitration

• Principle of Separability
• Principle of Competence Competence
• Principle of Arbitrability
• Law governing Commercial Arbitration and its Application

UNIT-Ill: Role of Judiciary al various Stages of Arbitration

• Appointment ohhc Arbitrator
• Interim Measures in Arbitration
• Setting aside of arbitral awards
• Enforcemenl of foreign arbitral awards

UNIT-fV: Emergin,g Issues in Commercial Arbitration

• Enforcement of Emergency Arbitral Awards
• Anti arbitralion injunctions and the Jndian Courts
• Multi-party arbitration
• Seat/ Place of Arbitration in a domestic and foreign seated arbitration

UNIT-V: he Mediation & the Conciliation

• Understanding Mediation as an effective Mechanism of ADR
• 11,e Mediation Process and the Role of the Medialor.
• The Role of Lawyers and the Parties in Mediation.
• Enforcement of Mediation Agreemen1s.
• Role of the Conciliator in the resolution of a Commercial Dispute.
 REFERENCES:
Legislative lmtrumtnts:
i. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
(As amended via the Arbitration and Concilia
(Amendment) Act, 2015 , Arbitration and Con tion
ciliation (Amendment) Act, 2019 and Arbitrat
and Conciliation (Amendment) Act. 2021 ion
11. The Mediation Act, 2023
iii. The UNCITRAL Model Lew, 1985
1v. The New York Convention, 1958

Reports:
1. I 76th Report of the Law Commission. 2001
ii. Justice Saraf Committee Report
iii. The 246th Report of the law Commission, 2014
iv. Justice Srikrishna Committee Report, 201 7
v. Shri Or. T.K. Viswanathen Committee Report,
2024

Books:
i. Susan Blake et. al., Practical Approach to Alte
rnative Dispute Resolution (Fifth &In.) Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2018
ii. Redfern and Hunter on International Commercial
Arbitration (Seventh Edn .) Oxford University
Press (2023)
iii. Russell on Arbitration (Twenty Fourth Edn .) Tho
1v. mas Reuters (201 5)
Brekoulakis, Lew et.al., The Evolution and futu
re of International Arbitrat ion (Eds.), Kluwel
Law International (2016)
v. Katia Fach Gomez et. Al., 60 Years of the New
York Convention: Key Issues and Challenges,
Kluwer Law lntemational (2019)
vi. Dwight Golann & Jay Folberg, Mediation: The
Roles of Advocat e and Neutral, New York :
Wolters
vii. Kluwer (2016).
viii. Julian D.M. Lew et.al. (Eds.), Arbitration Insig
hts, Kluw er Law International, The Netherland.

Online Databases:
1. Kluwer Arbitration
11. Westlaw India
111. Oxford University Press
iv. SCC Online