COCOPRESS:DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION OF MANUAL
COCONUT SQUEEZER

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 Acknowledgement

The researchers offer their heartfelt gratitude to others who helped them in

any manner in order to make this study a reality. Whatever the outcome or

accomplishment of every endeavor, there is a great source of determination, hard

work, and guidance without whom this task wouldn’t be possible.

First and foremost, to our Almighty God for giving us the wisdom and

knowledge to explore things, the strength and guidance to surpass the obstacles

we have encountered, and the determination and passion to guide us all the way

as we accomplished this study

To our research teacher Mrs. Maria Jennifer Y. Ematong never ending

support us, for guiding us and give recommendation. Encourage us to overcome

the trials and this SIP.

To Ms. Donna Jean Fallaria for giving us advice and never-ending

support and giving comments to our research to improved our study

To our Research adviser Mrs. Maria Ofelia Francisco Formilleza for

letting us use science lab for testing and letting us use the beaker and other

equipment we need.

To all panelist for sharing their knowledge for completing this research

To our family, friends, and special someone who have made sacrifices

for us. We cannot thank you enough for supporting us morally, financially, and al

physically. Your prayers are what have sustained us. It was a great comfort to

know that you are behind our backs while we complete our work.

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 Chapter I

This chapter present the background of the study, research objectives,

significant of the study, scope and delimitate ion and limitation of the study

Background of the study

Extracting the coconut is laborious process, this also very stress full doing

it by hand or using cheesecloth; this process is needing more effort but that effort

didn’t pay back by its efficacy. Doing it by man power has no certainty to get the

100% of coconut milk. Extracting the coconut manually is the most problem faced

by people. This method is time-consuming and unclean because it uses human

hands to enhance the product's quality. Extracting coconut milk using hand can

contain the bacteria and dirt came from hand.

Squeezer machine has big help to produce the coconut milk from its meat.

Machine can find anywhere; it helps the people to lessen the time of their works.

There are many kinds of the squeezer; this thing is meant to be useful. Squeezer

machine spread all over the world, the gap of this study is the portability. The

advantage of the portable is can be stored anywhere, and can take anywhere.

Therefore, this research will address the problem through design,

fabricate, and performance evaluation of portable coconut squeezer

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Research Objectives
This study aims to design, fabricate, and evaluate the performance of

portable coconut squeezer.

Specifically, this study aims the following:

1. Design and fabricate of manual coconut squeezer;

2. Evaluate the COCOPRESS machine in terms of:

2.1 Average yield amount of coconut milk

3. Comparison using hand squeezing and using the Cocopress machine in

terms of:

3.1 Average yield amount of coconut milk

4. Fabrication cost of Cocopress machine

Significant of the Study

This study will help to provide a new income opportunity to the member of

the community and has great help to the following:

The small business owner who is engage the coconut related product may

find interest in low-cost coconut milk extractor. They may be motivated to build up

some low-cost machine that would be helpful to them.

The focus of this study is the purpose for coconut, which means it could

sustain the efficiency of extracting the coconut milk.

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 This study will be a big help to lessen the time in producing coconut milk.

The process is no longer hard because this may help to lessen the time and

effort in producing milk.

The development of this study will be a great source for researchers that

intend to pursue and enhance the machine.

Scope and delimitation of the study

The focus of this study is to design, fabricate, and performance evaluation

of the coconut squeezer. It will be conducted at the town of Odiongan, Romblon,

where the researcher collects fabricate the product. This study will be

accomplished using the quantitative experimental approach and will be complete

on the academic years 2023-2024

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 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature, related studies, the conceptual

framework of the research study, and the definition of terms.

Related Literature

Cocos nucifera
Which is also known as coconut, is used in a variety of Filipino dishes.

The husk, shell, flesh, and water are the four essential components of a coconut.

The vitamin-rich flesh of the coconut can be consumed raw, cooked, or

processed to create different products. The mature coconut flesh is what makes

thin coconut milk. Coconut milk has some positive health effects, and its phenolic

content may be able to prevent DNA, lipid, and protein oxidative stress damage

in the body. (int. J Food Sci.2020)

These five nations—Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, and

Thailand—produce over 61.5 million tons of coconuts worldwide, or almost 90%

of the world's total production. (Patil and Benja Kul, 2018); FAOSTAT (Accesses

on March 2022). There are some problems in production of coconut, according to

the study conducted by (Bulent G. I., et al 2019) Due to a number of factors,

coconut producers are at a huge disadvantage while output trends are declining.

Despite being the producers, they have no control over the final result. The

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majority of the profits from the local coconut market go to the traders and

processors. Coconuts, one of the most significant crops in the tropics, are likely

to have their origins somewhere in Indo-Malaya.

Coconut meat

Coconut meat has a moderate amount of protein and carbohydrates but is

high in calories and fat. Because liquid endosperm turns into solid endosperm

during nut development and maturation, the metabolite profile of coconut meat

changes. Coconut meat is a rich source of nutrients (Azra et al., 2021). Despite

comprehensive characterization of the chemical components of coconut water

during nut maturation (Jackson et al., 2004, Mahayothee et al., 2016, Kumar et

al., 2021)

The mature coconut is made up of the outermost layer of mesocarp

(coconut husk), the middle layer of the hard brown shell (endocarp), and the

innermost layer of white edible endosperm (Zhang et al., 2020) At commercial

maturity, coconuts contain approximately 28–30 % meat (solid endosperm) and

around 25 % of liquid endosperm in the form of coconut water.

Coconut milk

Coconut milk is a white, milky substance extracted from the flesh of

matured coconuts which incorporate the form of medium-chain triglycerides fatty

acids which are effortlessly digested while not having greater processing, serving

as the quickest re-assets of power for the mind in contrast to different milk

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analogs containing long-chain fatty acids(Kofi T. S.,2022 ). Coconut milk has

a low environmental impact since it uses fewer chemical fertilizers, it's pesticide

and herbicide free, and puts less strain on soils. Coconuts are an immensely

useful fruit, since their oil, water, milk, and meat can be utilized in a variety of

sectors, including food, cosmetics, and energy.

Coconut milk is very significant to human being there are lot of things to

do using the coconut milk. Researchers have observed that coconut milk

includes a lipid known as lauric acid which triggers apoptosis, death, in breast

and endometrial most cancers cells and consequently boosts the immune

machine and keeps the pliability of the blood vessels

Coconut oil

In such places, coconut and its products (milk and oil, among others) are

utilized in daily life by the general public for a variety of purposes, such as

cooking, hair and skin care, food ingredient, and folk medicine. In recent years,

coconut oil (CO), the primary coconut product, has piqued the interest of the

media and the general public worldwide, particularly in Europe and North

America. Celebrities, digital influencers, and even doctors have advocated for the

use of this oil as a cooking medium in place of other vegetable oils, as well as a

supplement to be ingested with coffee and vitamins.(Lima & Block 2019)

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Man power coconut milk squeezing

The most difficult phase of making coconut milk is extracting the milk

with human labor, even though not all of the milk is extracted. In South East Asia,

coconut milk is a crucial cooking component (W. Liv 2020). There are still some

people who extract coconut milk manually or with old cloth. They worked hard on

that process, but only 20% of the coconut milk was extracted (Begum et al.2022)

Coconut milk extraction by hand is a time-consuming technique.

Stainless steel

Stainless steel has high corrosion resistance because forming very thin

hydroxide-rich passive film and protective action that can change with time and

environment to which steel expose. Their high resistance and superior

mechanical properties stainless steel suitable for food and pharmaceutical

industries (Zaffora A., Santamaria M., Francesco D. F. 2021)

Due to their high resistance of corrosion stainless steel are widely used for

food and beverages industry (M. Santamaria, G. Tranchida, and F. Franco 2020)

Related Studies

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 Coconut Squeezer

To produce coconut milk, it requires to done in squeezing. This would be

advisable tool to made the coconut milk (I Wayan S, Tjokorda G, et al.). Some

process is done using traditional way. In the market they offer the hydraulic press

which a long process and not ergonomic for operator that can cause fatigue and

musculoskeletal.

Hydraulic press

There are some types of pressing machine, like hydraulic press and screw

press. Using screw pressing machine present several advantages: the machine

is simple and sturdy in construction, can easily be maintained and operated by

semi-skilled supervisor (Tanko B., Sammuel O. 2020)

Conceptual Framework

Process Output
Input

 Plate
 Constructing  COCOPRES
 Angle bar machine
the machine
 Volt  Evaluation on  Efficiency
the and
 Sheet plate production
performance of
the machine rate of the
 Welding rad
machine
evaluated

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 Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Definition of terms

The following terms were defined to ensure that the readers could

understand the contents of this research clearly

Operational Definition of terms

These were some unusual terms you could come across in our research

operationally.

Squeezer refers to a device that press the different fruit to gets it juices.

Coconut refers to a fruit with a hard shell and has different part it also

contains milk and oil.

Hand squeezing refers to the process of pressing the coconut meat using

the human hand and human power.

Technical Definition of terms

This are some unusual terms you can come across in our research

technically:

Coconut meat- comes from the flesh of mature brown coconuts. It is used

in many traditional cuisines around the world. (Sprizler,2018)

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Machine- a mechanical power and having several parts, each with definite

function and together performing to do the task (encyclopedia Britanica,

2023)

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 Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter present the methodology used in this study, including the

materials and equipment or instrument used and the overall procedures in the

data collection

Flowchart of the study

Start

Gather all materials

Start constructing the machine

Performance evaluation

Collecting and Analysis of

Data

Presenting to the Panel

End

Figure 2: Flowchart of the study

Research Design

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 The main problem of making coconut milk is very laborious, therefore this

study helps to lessen time through design the manual coconut squeezer. That

particular objective led to the use of quantitative experimental research design in

this study, which enables researcher to obtain information and data on a subject

through observation.

Research Locale and Time of the study

The environment and best location of the researcher to write the first draft

of their manuscript and conduct their data analysis was Odiongan National High

School. The initial experiment, which was the construction on Cocopress

machine at Pato-o, Odiongan Romblon.

Figure 3. Map of Pato-o

Research Safety and Ethical Considerations

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 To ensure safety and reliability, the researchers ensured that every

decision they made regarding the study was under the guidance and knowledge

of their research adviser. The researcher used the appropriate materials like

stainless steel, that would ensure the safety in food processing.

Research materials

Materials used in contracting the COCOPRESS Machine

 Plate

 Angle bar

 Long Screw

 Nuts

 Sheet plate

 Welding rad

Research Equipment

Equipment used in contracting the PCS Machine

The first equipment that the welder use is the welding machine for him to

contracts machine and using the electric steel saw for cutting the sheet plate and

the angle bar. The welder also use the measuring tape to measure the

appropriate length and width for the machine

Research procedures

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1. Prepared all the needed materials for the construction of the stove.

2. Finished making the cylindrical sheet sized of 5 in diameter and 6 in height

that hold the coconut meat for processing and

the long screw that would use for the pressing

mechanism.

Figure 4. Chamber of the machine

3. After making the cylindrical sheet, welder put the stand height of, put

angle bar in 2 side for lock in the screw pressing method and the metal

sheet for the flat surface for the machine.

Figure 5. The structure of the Machine

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4. After making the stand, connect the circle presser to the long screw that

used for pressing the coconut meat.

Figure 6. The presser of the machine

5. Put the rectangular steel for locking mechanism for long screw

Figure7. The locking Mechanism

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6. After all the different parts of Cocopress are properly welded and

constructed in desire form, we decide to not paint the machine because

some chemical in paint is possibly mix in coconut milk.

Figure 8. Cocopress machine

Chapter IV

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 Results and Discussions

This research had been conducted to achieve the three main objectives as stated

in Chapter 1 of this study. The result for this area discussed and elaborated

throughout this chapter.

A. Design and fabrication of COCOPRESS machine

a) The chamber

Compartment for coconut meat. This is the main part, its

position is diagonal its diameter is 6 in and its height is 6 in with

three stands, the 2-front stand

height is 3. 11 in and the single stand

height is 6.11 in. The 2-angle bar in

side is use for locking mechanism its

height is 12 in.

Figure 9. Chamber of the machine

b) The presser

The way of pressing the coconut meat, the location of this is inside the

chamber, this is also detachable for easy putting the coconut meat

inside. The rectangular steel is for locking mechanism. The long screw

has length of 12 in and the like letter u steel has height of 1.5 in

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 Figure 10. The presser

c) The lapboard

The lapboard is use maintain the balance of machine. It rectangular

14.10 by 18.11 in and has angle bar in each side for safety purposes in

the sheet plate

Figure 11. Lapboard

B. Performance Evaluation of Cocopress

Capacity and Extraction efficiency

The max capacity researcher found is only 5 g in some reasons in the

diameter and the height of the machine in suitable for only capacity of 5grams.

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The extraction efficiency is also based on the volume of the coconut and the type

of coconut; some coconuts are juicily some are not.

Average yield coconut milk

Average yield coconut milk

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Avarage

0 50 100 150 200 250

3g 4g 5g

Each sample repeatedly 3 times and the figure above show that in trial 1

has more average of milk which has 125.66 ml of milk while the lowest was in the

trail 3 which contains only of 120 ml of milk in different sample volume. The

average of the control volume is expected because the more volume it has the

more milk produce which in the higher is has 5grams volume while the lowest

has 3 grams of volumes

C. Comparison of hand Squeezing and Cocopress machine

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The comparison of this based on figure as expected the Cocopress machine has

more milk produced while the hand operated only half of less than half of the

machine.

Table 2. Comparison result

Samples Trial 1 Trial 2 Trail 3 Average

5 grams (cocopress) 175 ml 190 ml 200ml 188.33 ml

5 grams (hands) 95 ml 55 ml 60 ml 70 ml

4 grams (cocopress) 105 ml 125 ml 110ml 113.33 ml

4 grams (hands) 70 ml 45 ml 65 ml 60 ml

3 grams (cocopress) 97 ml 60ml 85ml 80.66 ml

3 grams (hands) 30 ml 60 ml 45 ml 45 ml

The operation is different but the samples are the same, and same

method which is squeezing fresh milk, no add water on hand operating. During

the two methods the hand squeezing is not convenient due to the hard to

squeeze and the capacity of meat is depends on the size of the hand, while in

the Cocopress the capacity of 5grams is equivalent of one coconut.

CHAPTER V

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This chapter presents the highlights of the key results of the study, including the

recommended future researchers towards further investigation.

Summary
Cocopress or Coconut squeezer, also known as a coconut milk press or

extractor, is a tool used to extract the milk or juice from the grated meat of a

mature coconut. It’s an essential device in many tropical regions and for anyone

who regularly uses fresh coconut milk in their recipes.

The purpose of the machine is to help the people make easier to get the

pure coconut milk in the coconut. And people really benefit from the coconut

squeezer or press, especially those who enjoy utilizing fresh coconut milk in their

cookery. The milk from the grated coconut can be extracted more quickly and

easily with the coconut squeezer. Manual procedures, which can be challenging

and time consuming, are not necessary.

According to the coconut milk that was squeezed, the machine was able to

extract more milk when it used 5 grams as opposed to 4 and 3 grams. The

machine continued to extract more milk than we could have with our hands when

we squeezed. The amount of milk collected via hand squeezing did not always

yield the same outcome.

Iron was used to create some of materials used in the construction of the

coconut squeezer. The entire cost of the materials, expenses, and work involved

in building the coconut squeezer was PHP. 2,500.00.

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 The coconut squeezer can be of great help to people who love cooking

and use coconut milk as an ingredient because it makes it easier for them to

obtain pure milk without the hassle of manually squeezing the coconut meat.

Findings

Upon analyzing the results of the study, findings presented in the

following:

1. Successfully designed and fabricated the cocopress which utilized used

machine as a coconut squeeze

2. Analyzed the cost spent in constructing the Coconut Squeezer and found

out that the total expenditures, materials, and labor costs PHP 2,500

which it is makes easier to used than squeezing using by hand.

3. Evaluated the average milk produce, time, and found out that the coconut

squeezer has an average of 188.33 mL of 5 grams coconut milk , 3:32

minutes squeeze time.

Conclusion

After analyzing the results, the researchers concluded the following:

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 1. Coconut squeezers are designed to efficiently extract the milk or juice

from coconuts. They help maximize the yield and ensure that you get the

most out of each coconut.

2. Using a coconut squeezer can save you time compared to traditional

methods of extracting coconut milk. It simplifies the process and makes it

quicker and more convenient.

3. The test results revealed that using a coconut squeezer extracts coconut

milk more quickly than squeezing it by hand. You can get more coconut

milk using a coconut squeezer than with a hand squeeze; not 100% are

extracted when using the hands squeezing.

4. Using the Cocopress machine is ergonomics and the less pressure of the

human power to perform, therefore this machine also needs the human

power but its not much power and anyone can operate it.

5. Using the Cocopress is clean, some of the coconut meats are not joining

the milk after pressing, somehow in hand squeezing is opposite beside of

hassle and power consuming it not clean or 100% coconut milk.

Recommendations

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 Base on the findings and conclusions previously stated the following

courses of action have been recommended.

1. Improve Design. There is a need improvement of this machine.

Application of rubber handle, adding holes and modify the locking

mechanism would make a grade improvement of design for further

research.

2. Further Study. The study encountered limitations on conducting a more

comprehensive evaluation on the coconut squeezer.

3. Enhanced Testing Methods. This study recommends a more enhanced

testing methodologies to arrive at a more accurate and effective

measurement of the extraction efficiency.

4. Enhanced Testing Equipment. To arrive at a more comprehensive study,

the researchers suggest to use a more enhanced testing equipment to

further evaluate the performance of the Machine.

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