LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Basic Configuration

Learn in a Simple & Smart Way

1. Cockpit

a. It is an interactive server administration interface. Cockpit directly contact with the operating
system from a real linux session in a browser.

b. Basic operation of cockipit are as follows:

1. shutting down or restarting the system.

2. inspecting hardware information
3. setting hostname and many more.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to restart
the system from the cockpit. At this point of time cockpit will help you.

2. Date

a. date is a command which is used to display the current date and time.

Command: date

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to display
the current date and time of any specific system. At this point of time above command will help
you.

3. nmcli

a. It is used to manage network connections.

b. Below command is used to display all connections.

Command: nmcli con show

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to display
all the network connections. At this point of time above command will help you.

4. yum

a. It is used to list all currently enabled repositories.

Command: yum repolist

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the repolist whether it is enabled or not. At this point of time above command will help you.

5. Firewalld

a. With the help of systemctl we can check the status of the firewall.
Command: systemctl status firewalld

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the firewall status. At this point of time above command will help you.

6. Selinux

a. It is an additional layer of system security that determines which process can access which files,
directories and ports.

b. Selinux has two possible states:

1. Enabled
2. Disabled

c. Selinux has two modes :

1. Enforcing
2. Permissive

d. getenforce command is used to current selinux mode.

Command: getenforce

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the selinux mode. At this point of time above command will help you.

7. kdump

a. It uses kexec to boot into a second kernel, a capture kernel which resides in a reserved part
of the system memory that is inaccessible to the first kernel.

b. Installation

Command: yum install kexec-tools

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
kdump. At this point of time above command will help you.

8. Rear

a. It is a disater recovery and system migration utility which enables you to create complete rescue
system.

b. Installation

Command: yum install rear genisoimage syslinux

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
rear. At this point of time above command will help you.

9. Syslog messages

a. It contain different information and messages about the operating system.

b. Syslog messages are handled by two services:

1. systemd-journald (collects messages from the kernel)

2. rsyslog service (sorts the syslog messages by type and priority).

c. /var/log/messages contain all syslog messages

Example:

Command: cat /var/log/messages

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the system messages. At this point of time above command will help you.

10. SOS report

a. The SOS report collects configuration details, system information and diagnostic information
from a red hat enterprise linux system.

b. Installation

Example: yum install sos

c. Generate an SOS report

Command: sosreport

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to
generate the sos report At this point of time above command will help you.

11. Systemctl

a. Systemctl command is used to display detailed information about a service unit that
corresponds to a system service.

Example:

Command: systemctl status name.service

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the service status of any specific service. At this point of time above command will help you.

12. passwd

a. It is a command which is used to set or change the password of a user.

Example

Command: passwd user-name

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to service
status of any specific service. At this point of time above command will help you.

13. chrony

a. It is an implementation of the network time protocol.

Example:

Command: chronyc tracking

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to status
of the chrony.At this point of time above command will help you.

14. ethtool

a. ethtool can be used in verifying support for hardware timestamping on a specific interface.

Example:

Command: ethtool -T eth0

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to verify
the support of the interface.At this point of time above command will help you.

15. Python 3

a. We use yum to install the python 3.

Example:

Command: yum install python3

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
the python3. At this point of time above command will help you.

16. Langpacks

a. It is meta packages which install extra add-on packages containing translations , dictionaries
and locales for every package installed on the system.

Example:

Command: yum list langpacks-*

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
meta packages. At this point of time above command will help you.

17. Prefixdevname

a. It is a udev helper utility that enables you to define your own prefix used for naming of the
ethernet network interface.

Syntax:

net.ifnames.prefix=<required prefix>

Note: Add above line on the kernel command line.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to change
the prefix of the network interface. At this point of time above syntax will help you.

18.Module information

a. Using yum we can get the information of any specific module.

Example:

Command: yum module info module-name

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to get the
information about any specific module. At this point of time above command will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Samba Server
 Learn in Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. smb protocol is used to to access resources on a server, such as file shares and shared printers.

b. smb provides three types of services:

1. smbd: provides file sharing and printing services using the smb protocol.

2. nmbd: provides host name and IP resolution using the NetBIOS over Ipv4 protocol.

3. winbindd: provides an interface for the Name service switch to use AD or NT4 domain users
and
groups on the local system.

2. Configuration file verification

a. We can use testparm command to verify the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.

Command: testparm

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to verify
the syntax of the samba configuration file.At this point of time above command will help you.

3. Installation

a. We can use yum command to install samba package.

Command: yum install samba

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
the samba package. At this point of time above command will help you.

4. Firewall Configuration

a. Open the ports ie is 139 and 445 using firewall-cmd utility.

Command: firewall-cmd --permanent –add-port={139/tcp,445/tcp}

b. Reload the firewall configuration to apply the changes.

Command: firewall-cmd --reload

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to
configure the firewall. At this point of time above command will help you.

5. Samba User

a.We can add user to the samba database using smbpasswd command.

Command: smbpasswd -a user-name

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to add the
user to the samba database. At this point of time above command will help you.

6. Smbcontrol

a. We can use smbcontrol command to reload the samba configuration.

Command: smbcontrol all reload-config

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to reload
the samba after applying the changes. At this point of time above command will help you.

7. User shares

a. We can use net user info command on a Samba server to display user sharing and their settings.

Example: net usershare info -l

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to give me
the output of the user sharing and their settings. At this point of time above command will help
you.

8. Privileges

a. Using net rpc rights list command we can list all available privileges and their owners.

Example: net rpc rights list -U “Domain\administrator”

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the privileges of all user sharing and their settings. At this point of time above command will help
you.

9. Deleting a user share

a. To delete a user share use the command net usershare delete command.

Example: net usershare delete share_name

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to delete
the privileges of any specific user sharing . At this point of time above command will help you.

10. Rpcclient

a. It enables you to manually execute client-side microsoft remote procedure call (MS-RPC)
functions on a local or remote SMB server.

Example: rpcclient server_name -U “DOMAIN\administrator” -c 'netshareenum'

Practical Problem:Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to execute
client-side microsoft remote procedure call (MS-RPC). At this point of time above command will
help you.

LINUX KURIOSITY
 RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Database Servers

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. Databases are organized collections of data.

2. Mariadb Installation
Command: yum install mariadb

Using yum we can install mariadb package.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
mariadb package. At this point of time above command will help you.

3. Service

Command: systemctl start mariadb.service

Using systemctl command we can start mariadb service.

Command: systemctl enable mariadb.service

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to start
and enable mariadb service. At this point of time above command will help you.

4. Mysqldump

a. Dump all databases into the all_databases.sql file.

Command: mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to take the
backup of all the databases. At this point of time above command will help you.

b. Restore the data

Command: mysql db_name < all_databases.sql

5. Backing up mariadb data

a. There are two ways to take backup

1. logical backup : It consist of the SQL statements necessary to restore the data.This type
ofbackup backup exports information and records in plain text files.

2. physical backup : consists of copies of file and directories that store the content.

6. Mariabackup tool

a. Installation

Command: yum install mariadb-backup

b. backup

Command: mariabackup --backup --target-dir <backup_directory> --user

<backup_users> --password <backup_passwd>
c. It is a tool based on the percona xtrabackup technology which enables performing physical
online backups of InnoDB,Aria and MyISAM tables.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to take the
backup of all the databases using mariadb backup tool. At this point of time above command will
help you.

7. Secure mariaDB Installation

a. We can improve security when installing mariaDB by running the mysql_secure_installation

command.

Command: mysql_secure_installation

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
the mariadb securely. At this point of time above command will help you.

8. Repair Internal Tables

a. We can use mysql_upgrade command to check and repair internal tables.

Command: systemctl mysql_upgrade

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
and repair the mariadb internal tables. At this point of time above command will help you.

9. Replication

a. It is an alternative backup solution for master servers.

10. Bind Address

a. It is the address on which the server will listen

b. Possible values are

1. 0 to listen for all clients

2. 1 to listen for local clients only
 LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Networking

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. IP networks are the networks that communicate through internet protocol addresses.

b. An IP network is implemented in the network and most internal networks.

c. Non-Ip networks are used to communicate through a lower layer rather than the transport layer.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for interview and interviewer ask you what is the
difference between IP and Non IP networks. At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Netconsole

a. The netconsole kernel module enables logging of kernel messages over the network to another
computer.

b. It allows kernel debugging in the cases where disk logging fails.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the netconsole. At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. Sysctl

a. To display a list of all available sysctl parameters.

Command: sysctl -a

b. We can use sysctl utility to adjust network configuration on a running system and directly affect
the networking performance.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to share
all the parameters of the sysctl. At this point of time above command will help you.

4. ncat

a. It is a reliable back end tool that provides network connectivity to other applications and users.

b. Installation

Command: yum install nmap-ncat

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
nmap-ncat. At this point of time above command will help you.

5. Port Scanning

a. We can use -z option along with ncat command to view which ports are open.

Command: ncat -z 192.168.10.11 80-90

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the open ports. At this point of time above command will help you.

6. Network Manager

a. It is a dynamic network control and configuration daemon to keep network devices and
connections up and active when they are available.

Installation :

Command: yum install NetworkManager

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
networkmanager. At this point of time above command will help you.

7. Status of Network Manager

a. Following command is used to check the status of the networkmanager.

Command: systemctl status NetworkManager

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the status of the networkmanager. At this point of time above command will help you.

8. Nmcli

a. The nmcli devices commmand lists the available network devices in the system.

Command: nmcli device

b. It is the command-line utility to configure networking through networkmanager.It is used to

create, display, edit, delete, activate and deactivate connections.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the list of the network devices. At this point of time above command will help you.

9. IPVLAN

a. It is a driver for a virtual network device that can be used in container environment to access the
host network.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
theIPVLAN. At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. IPVLAN modes

a. L2 mode : virtual devices recieve and respond to address resolution protocol

requests.

b. L3 mode: virtual devices process only L3 traffic and above.

c. L3S mode: L3S mode behaves in a similar way to L3 mode but provides greater control of the
network.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for interview and interviewer ask you what is the three
modes of IPVLAN. At this point of time above definition will help you.

LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Firewall
 Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. A firewall is a way to protect machines from any unwanted traffic from outside.

b. Firewalld is a firewall service daemon that provides a dynamic customizable host-based

firewall with a D-bus interface.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for an interview and interviewer ask you what is
firewalld ?At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Add the Service

Example:

Command: firewall-cmd -add-service=ssh --timeout 15m

Above command add the ssh service for 15 minutes.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to add the
ssh service through the firewall and set the timeout 15 min. At this point of time above example
will help you.

3. Firewall-config GUI

a. Installation

Command: yum install firewall-config

Above command will install the firewall-config GUI configuration.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
the firewall-config GUI. At this point of time above example will help you.
4. Firewall status

Command: systemctl status firewalld

Above command will show you the status of the firewall.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the status of the firewall. At this point of time above example will help you.

5. Controlling traffic

Command: firewall-cmd --panic-on

In an critical situation such as a system attack, it is possible to disable all network traffic and cut
off
the attacker.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to disable
the traffic. At this point of time above example will help you.

6. Opening a port

a. First list all the allowed ports

Command: firewall-cmd --list-ports

b. Add a port to the allowed ports to open it for incoming traffic

Command: firewall-cmd --add-port=port-number/port-type

c. Make the new settings persistent

Command: firewall-cmd –runtime-to-permanent

Note: Port types are either tcp,udp,sctp or dccp.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to open
the port for incoming traffic. At this point of time above example will help you.

7. Closing a port

a. First list all allowed ports

Command: firewall-cmd --list-ports

b. Remove the port from the allowed ports to close it for the incoming traffic
Command: firewall-cmd –remove-port=port-number/port-type

c. Make the new settings persistent

Command: firewall-cmd –runtime-to-permanent

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to close
the port for incoming traffic. At this point of time above example will help you.

8. Listing zones

a. Use following command to see which zones are available on your system.

Command: firewall-cmd –get-zones

b. Use following command to see detailed information for all zones.

Command: firewall-cmd –list-all-zones

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to share
the information of all the zones. At this point of time above example will help you.

9. Redirect the port

a. Redirect the port 80 to port 88 for tcp traffic

Command: firewall-cmd -add-forward-port=port=80:proto=tcp:toport=88

b. Make the new settings persistent.

Command: firewall-cmd -–runtime-to-permanent

c. Check that the port is redirected or not

Command: firewall-cmd --list-all

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to redirect
the port . At this point of time above example will help you.

10. Listing ICMP requests

a. To list all available ICMP types

Command: firewall-cmd --get-icmptypes

b. The firewall-cmd command controls the ICMP requests manipulation.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to list all
available ICMP types. At this point of time above example will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Kernel

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. A kernel is a core part of a Linux operating system which manages the system resources and
provides interface between hardware and software applications.

2. Updating kernel

Command: yum update kernel

Above command updates the kernel along with all dependencies to the latest available version.

Reboot the system for the changes to take effect.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to update
the kernel.At this point of time above example will help you.

3. Installing Kernel

Command: yum install kernel-{version}

To install a specific kernel version use a above command.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
the specific kernel.At this point of time above example will help you.

4. Kernel line parameters

a. A boot entry is a collection of options forming together a configuration file, which is usually
tied
to a particular kernel version.

b. grubby is a utility for manipulating bootloader-specific configuration files.

Command: grub2-editenv - set kernelopts=”rd.debug=1 rhgb”

Above command sets a new value to the globalvariable kernelopts by replacing the old value. As a
result the kernel command line parameter debug is set for all the boot entries on your system.

Reboot the system for the changes to take effect.

5. Sysctl

a. Kernel tunables are kernel parameters which are addressed by the sysctl command through
the /proc/sys/ interface.

b. To list all kernel parameters use following command:

Command: sysctl -a

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to list all
the kernel parameters.At this point of time above example will help you.

6. kdump

a. It is a kernel crash dumping mechanism that enables you to save the contents of the system's
memory for later analysis.

b. Installation

Command: yum install kexec-tools

c. Verify the installation

Command: rpm -q kexec-tools

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
the kdump.At this point of time above example will help you.

7. Analyzing a core dump

a. To determine the cause of the system crash you can use the crash utility, which provides an
interactive prompt very similar to the GNU Debugger.

b. Installtion

Command: yum install crash

Command: yum install kernel-debuginfo

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
crash utility.At this point of time above example will help you.

8. Message buffer

a. To display the kernel message buffer type the log command at the interactive
prompt.

Command: log

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to check
the kernel message buffer.At this point of time above example will help you.

9. Kernel Stack trace

a. To display the kernel stack trace use the bt command.

Command: bt
Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to display
the kernel stack tree.At this point of time above example will help you.

10. Virtual memory information

a. To display basic virtual memory information, type the vm command at the interactive prompt.

Command: vm

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to display
basic virtual memory information.At this point of time above example will help you.

LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

File Systems

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Creating an XFS File System

Command: mkfs.xfs block-device

Above command will create file-system of type xfs.Also we can use -f option to overwrite the file
system.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to create
the XFS file system. At this point of time above example will help you.

2. Register the new device

Command: udevadm settle

Above command wait for the system to register the new device node.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to register
the new device. At this point of time above example will help you.

3. Backing up an XFS file system

a. The xfsdump utility enables you to write multiple backups to the same tape. A backup can span
multiple tape.

Example:

Command: xfsdump -l 0 -f /backup-files/boot.xfsdump /boot

Above command back up the content of XFS file systems mounted on the /boot/ and save them as
files in the /backup-files/ directory.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to backup
the XFS file system. At this point of time above example will help you.

4. Restoring an xfs file systems

a. The xfsrestore utility restores file systems from backups produced by xfsdump.

Command: xfsrestore -f /backup-files/boot.xfsdump /mnt/boot/

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to restore
the XFS file system. At this point of time above example will help you.

5. Repairing an XFS file system

a. The xfs_repair utility is highly scalable and it is designed to repair even very large file system
with many inodes efficiently.

Command: xfs_repair block-device

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to repair
the XFS file system. At this point of time above example will help you.

6. Increasing the size of an XFS file system

a. xfs_growfs is a utility which is used to increase the size.

Command: xfs_growfs file-system -D new-size

b. xfs_info is a utility which is used to find out the block size in kb of a given XFS file system.

Command: xfs_info block-device

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to grow
the
size of the XFS file system. At this point of time above example will help you.

7. Viewing the partition table

a. First start the interactive parted shell

Command: parted block-device

b. Print the partition table

Command: (parted) print

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to view
the partition table. At this point of time above example will help you.

8. Create the new partition table

Example:

(parted) mklabel table-type

table-type can be msdos or gpt.

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to create
the new partition table with gpt type. At this point of time above example will help you.

9.create the new partition

Syntax: (parted) mkpart part-type name fs-type start end

part-type can be primary, logical or extended.

fs-type can be xfs , ext2, ext3 ,ext4,fat16,fat32,hfs,hfs+,linux-swap,ntfs,or reiserfs.

Example: (parted) mkpart primary 1024Mib 2048Mib

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to create
the create new partition. At this point of time above example will help you.

10. Removing a partition

a. First determine the minor number using below command:

Command: (parted) print

b. Remove the partition

Command: (parted) rm minor-number

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to remove
a partition. At this point of time above example will help you.

11. Resizing the partition

a. First determine the minor using below command:

Command: (parted) print

b. Resize the partition

Command: (parted) resizepart 1 2GiB

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to resize
the partition. At this point of time above example will help you.

12. lsblk

a. It is used to determine the UUID and label attributes

Command: lsblk --fs storage-device

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to
determine the UUID and label attributes of the storage device. At this point of time above example
will help you.
13. xfs_admin

a. It is used to change the UUID or label attributes of an XFS file systems

Syntax: xfs_admin -U new-uuid -L new-label storage-device

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to change
the UUID or label attributes of an XFS file system. At this point of time above example will help
you.

14. tune2fs

a. It is used change the UUID or label attributes of an ext4,ext3 or ext2 file system.

Syntax: tune2fs -U new-uuid -L new-label storage-device

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to change
the UUID or label attributes of an ext4, ext3 or ext2 file system. At this point of time above
example will help you.

15. swaplabel

a. It is used to change the UUID or label attributes of a swap volume.

Syntax: swaplabel --uuid new-uuid --label new-label swap-device

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to change
the UUID or label attributes of an swaplabel file system. At this point of time above example will
help you.

16. findmnt

a. It is used to list all mounted file systems.

Command: findmnt

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to list all
mounted file systems. At this point of time above example will help you.

17. Moving a mount point

a. Following command is used to change the directory in which a file system is mounted

Command: mount --move old-directory new-directory

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to move
the mount point. At this point of time above example will help you.

18. Fuser
a. It is used to determine which processes are accessing the file-system.

Command: fuser --mount /device-name

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to
determine which processes are accessing the file-system.At this point of time above example will
help you.

19. autofs

a. The autofs service can mount and unmount file systems automatically, therefore saving system
resources.

b. It can be used to mount file systems such as NFS, AFS, SMBFS,CIFS and local file systems.

c. Installation

Command: yum install autofs

Command: systemctl enable --now autofs

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
and enable the autofs. At this point of time above example will help you.

20. Stratis file systems

a. It is a local storage-management solution for linux.

b. Installation

Command: yum install stratisd stratis-cli

c. Enable the stratisd service

Command: systemctl enable --now stratisd

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to install
and enable the stratis service. At this point of time above example will help you.

21. Creating a stratis pool

a. First erase file system, partition table and raid signatures.

Command: wipefs --all block-device

b. Create a stratis pool on the block device

Command: stratis pool create my-pool block-device

c. Verify all the pools on your systems

Command: stratis pool list

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to create a
stratis pool.At this point of time above example will help you.

22. Creating a stratis file system

a. Command: stratis fs create my-pool my-fs

b. list file systems within the pool

Command: stratis fs list my-pool

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to create a
stratis file system. At this point of time above example will help you.

23. Adding block devices to a stratis pool

a. To add one or more block devices to the pool use below command:

Command: stratis pool add-data my-pool device-1 device-2 device-n

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to add
block devices to the pool. At this point of time above example will help you.

24. Displaying information about stratis volumes

a. To display information about all block devices used for stratis on your system.

Command: stratis blockdev

b. To display information about all stratis pools on your system

Command: stratis pool

c. To display information about all stratis file systems on your system.

Command: stratis filesystem

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to display
information about stratis volumes. At this point of time above example will help you.

25. Removing stratis file systems

a. First unmount the file system

Command: umount /stratis/my-pool/my-fs

b. Destroy the file system

Command: stratis filesystem destroy my-pool my-fs

c. verify
Command: stratis filesystem list my-pool

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to remove
stratis file system. At this point of time above example will help you.

26. Removing a stratis pool

a. list file systems on the pool

Command: stratis filesystem list my-pool

b. Unmount all file systems on the pool.

Command: umount /stratis/my-pool/my-fs-1

c. Destroy the file systems

Command: stratis filesystems destroy my-pool my-fs-1

d. Destroy the pool

Command: stratis pool destroy my-pool

e. Verify that the pool no longer exists.

Command: stratis pool list

Practical Problem: Suppose you are working in a company and your manager ask you to remove
stratis pool. At this point of time above example will help you.

LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Cluster
 Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. A cluster is two or more computers (called nodes or members) that work together to perform a
task.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you what is cluster ?
At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Pacemaker

a. It is a cluster resource manager and achieve maximum availability for your cluster services.

b. Four basic components of the pacemaker architecture components are as follows:

1. Cluster Information Base: uses XML internally to distribute and synchronize current
configuration and status information from the designated coordinator.

2. Cluster Resource Management Daemon (CRMd): Each cluster node also includes a local
resource manager daemon (LRMd) that acts as an interface between CRMd and resources.

3. STONITH: It is configured in CIB and can be monitored as a normal cluster resource.

4. Corosync: provides messaging capabilities for applications that coordinate or operate across
multiple members of the cluster.

Interview QA :Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you what is
pacemaker ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. Pacemaker configuration and management tools

a. Pacemaker features two configuration tools for cluster deployment, monitoring and
management.

1. pcs: controls and configures pacemaker and the corosync heartbeat daemon.

2. pcsd Web UI: It is a graphical user interface to create and configure pacemaker/ corosync
clusters.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you what are the two
configuration tools for cluster deployment , monitoring and management ? At this point of time
above definition will help you.

4. Fence device

a. It is an external device that can be used by the cluster to restrict access to shared resources by
an errant node, or to issue a hard reboot on the cluster node.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you what is fence
device ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. Quorum

a. It is used to prevent data corruption and loss.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the quorum ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. Pacemaker Installation

a. Command: yum install pcs pacemaker fence-agents-all

Above command will install pcs , pacemaker and fence agents

b. Command: systemctl start pcsd.service

Command: systemctl enable pcsd.service

Above command will start and enable the pcsd service.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you how will you
install pacemaker ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
7. Setting and authenticate password to the ha cluster.

a. Command: passwd hacluster

Above command set the password to the hacluster.

b. Command: pcs host auth z1.example.com

Above command will verify whether password is set or not.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you How to set and
authenticate password to the ha cluster ? At this point of time above command will help you.

8. Cluster creation and cluster verification

Command: pcs cluster setup my_cluster --start z1.example.com

Above command will create a cluster with one member.

Command: pcs cluster status

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you how to create
cluster and do the verification ? At this point of time above command will help you.

9. Restore cluster services

Command: pcs cluster unstandby z1.example.com

Above command restore cluster services to the first node, take the node out of standby node.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you how to restore the
cluster services ? At this point of time above command will help you.

10. Stopping cluster services

Command: pcs cluster stop --all

Above command stop the cluster services on both nodes.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for a interview and interviewer ask you how to stop
cluster services on both nodes ? At this point of time above command will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

VDO (Virtual Data Optimizer)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. Virtual data optimizer provides inline data reduction for linux in the form of
deduplication,compression and thin provisioning.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for an interview and your manager ask you what is Virtual
data optimizer ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Installation

a. Command: yum install vdo kmod-kvdo

Above command will install virtual data optimizer.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for an interview and your manager ask you how to install
Virtual data optimizer ? At this point of time above command will help you.

3. Creating VDO for container storage

a. Command: vdo create \

--name=vdo1 \
--device=device-name \
--vdoLogicalSize=10T

Above command will create virtual data optimizer for container storage.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for an interview and your manager ask you how to create
Virtual data optimizer for container storage ? At this point of time above command will help you.

4. Create a file system on top of the VDO volume

a. Command: mkfs.xfs -K /dev/mapper/vdo-name

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for an interview and your manager ask you how to create a
file system on top of the VDO volume ? At this point of time above command will help you.

5. Mount the file system

a. First create the directory

Command: mkdir -m 1777 /mnt/vdo-name

b. mount the file system

Command: mount /dev/mapper/vdo-name /mnt/vdo-name

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for an interview and your manager ask you how to mount
the file system ? At this point of time above command will help you.
6. vdostats

a. It is used to get information about a VDO volume

Command: vdostats --human-readable

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for an interview and your manager ask you how to get the
information about a VDO volume ? At this point of time above command will help you.

LINUX KURIOSITY

RHEL 8 (Practical Book)

Linux Containers

Learn in a simple & smart way

1. Introduction

a. Linux containers have emerged as a key open source application packaging and delivery
technology, combining lightweight application isolation with the flexibility of image-based
deployment methods.

b. Podman: It is used to manage pods and container images.

c. buildah: It is used to building , pushing and signing container images.

d. skopeo: It is used to copying , inspecting, deleting and signing images.

e. runc: It is used to provide container run and build features to podman and buildah.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use
of the podman, buildah, skopeo and runc ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Containers Installation

Command: yum module install -y container-tools

Above command pulls in the full set of container software packages.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to install
container-tools ? At this point of time above command will help you.

3. podman-docker

a. It is a package which is used to links podman man pages to the docker command.

Command: yum install -y podman-docker

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to install
podman-docker ? At this point of time above command will help you.

4. Listing images

a. Using podman images we can see which images have been pulled to your local system.

Command: podman images

5. Inspect Images

a. podman inspect command displays basic information about what an images does.

Command: podman inspect image-name

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to inspect
image using podman ? At this point of time above command will help you.

6. Mount a container

a. Using the podman command, mount an active container to further investigate its contents.

Command: podman ps

Command: podman mount container-id-image-name

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to mount
the active container using podman? At this point of time above command will help you.

7. skopeo inspect

a. We can inspect a container image before you pull it to your system.We can display information
about an image that resides in a remote container registry.

Command: skopeo inspect image-name

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to inspect
the image ? At this point of time above command will help you.

8. Tagging Images

a. We can add names to images to make it more intuitive to understand what they contain.

Command: podman tag container-id name

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to tag the
container ? At this point of time above command will help you.

9. Removing images

a. To remove images you no longer need use the podman rmi command with the image ID.

Command: podman rmi rhel-init

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to remove
the images ? At this point of time above command will help you.

10. starting and stopping the containers

a. Command: podman start container-id

Above command will start the container.

b. Command: podman stop container-id

Above command will stop the container.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to start and
stop the container using podman ? At this point of time above command will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Ansible for Network Automation

(Interview QA Book)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Control node

a. We can run commands and playbooks by invoking /usr/bin/ansible or /usr/bin/ansible-playbooks

from any control node.

Note: We cannot use a window machine as a control node.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is control
node in ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Managed node

a. The network devices or servers we manage with ansible.

b. managed nodes are also called hosts.

c. Ansible is not installed on managed nodes.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is managed
node in ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. Inventory

a. A list of managed nodes.

b. Also known as hostfile.

c. We can specify information like IP address for each maanged node.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is inventory
in ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. Modules

a. Each module has a particular use.

b. We can invoke a single module with a task or invoke several different modules in a playbook.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is module in
ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. Tasks

a. It is a unit of action.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is task in
ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. Playbooks

a. It is ordered list of tasks.

b. It can include variables as well as tasks.

c. It is written in YAML

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is playbooks
in ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. Network modules

a. It use the control node as a destination for backup files.

b. It write backup files on the control node, usually in the backup directory under the playbook root
directory.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is network
modules in ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. Multiple communication protocols

a. The communication protocol selected for each module network module depends on the platform

and purpose of the module.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what are the two
factors on which communication protocol depends in ansible? At this point of time above
definition will help you.

9. Network platform

a A network platform is a set of network devices with a common operating system that can be
managed by a collection of modules.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is control
node in ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. Privilege escalation

a. Several network platforms support privilege escalation where certain tasks must be done by a
privileged user.

b. On network devices this is called enable mode.

11. Ansible version verification

a. Command: ansible –version

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to verify the
ansible version in ansible ? At this point of time above command will help you.
12. Establish a manual connection to a managed node

a. Command: ssh [email protected]

b. Command: show config

c. Command: exit

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to establish a
manual connection to a managed node in ansible ? At this point of time above command will help
you.

13. Network Ansible command

a Syntax: ansible all -i device-name -c network_cli -u user-name -k -m ansible

module

-i device name
-c connection method
-u user-name
-k prompt for password
-m ansible module

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
-k option in ansible network command ? At this point of time above syntax will help you.

14. Basic Inventory

a. First group servers and network devices by their what (application, stack or microservice), where
(datacenter or region) and when (development stage).

1. what: web
2. where: floor
3. when: staging

b. Avoid spaces, hyphens and preceding numbers in your group names.

c. group names are case sensitive.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to prepare
the basic inventory in ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

15. Ansible vault

a. It is a command which provides encryption for files and or individual variables like passwords.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is ansible
vault ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

16. Roles
a. Roles are sets of ansible defaults, files, tasks, templates, variables and other ansible components
that work together.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is roles in
ansible ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

17. Strategy Plugin

a. It tells ansible how to order multiple tasks on multiple hosts.

b. It is set at the playbook level.

c. Free strategy uses available forks more efficiently.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is strategy
plugin ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

18. Show running

a. It is a command which is most resource-intensive command to execute on a network device,

because of the way queries are handled by the network OS.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is Show
running command ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

19. Proxy command

a. Network modules support the use of a proxy or jump host with the proxy command parameter.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is proxy
command ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

20. Fork

a. Every time ansible runs a task, it forks its own process.

b. The --forks parameter defines the number of concurrent tasks.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the fork ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

21. Inventory File

a. An inventory file is an INI-like configuration file that defines the mapping of hosts into groups.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is Inventory
file ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

22. Jump hosts

a. If the ansible controller doesn't have a direct route to the remote device and you need to use a
jump host.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is jump
host ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

23. Ansible's Network fact modules

a. It gather information from the system and store the results in facts prefixed with ansible_net_.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
ansible' network fact modules ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

24. Ansible hostvars

a. It allows you to access variables from a named host.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is ansible
hostvars ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

25. Conditional statements

a. There are seven conditional statements

1. eq (Equal)
2. neq (Not equal)
3. gt (greater than)
4. ge (greater than or equal)
5. lt (less than)
6. le (less than or equal)
7. contains

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
conditional statements ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

26. Wait_for argument

a. It can be used to evaluate the results before running control to the ansible playbook.

Note:

a. Ssh does not support providing passwords via environment variables.

b. Ansible supports ssh-agent to manage your SSH keys.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is wait_for
argument ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Ansible for Vmware

Interview QA

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. Ansible Vmware modules are written on top of pyVmomi.

b. pyVomi is the python SDK for the vsphere API that allows user to manage ESX, ESXi and
Vcenter Infrastructure.

c. Installation

Command: pip install pyvomi

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is pyvomi
and how to install ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Validate_certs parameter

a. It is used to disable validation of the certificates by using the validate_certs parameter.

b. To do this you need to set validate_certs=False in your playbook.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
Validate_certs parameter ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. Wait for ip address parameter

a. It will increase the clone time as it will wait until virtual machine boots into the OS and an IP
address has been assigned to the given NIC.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is wait for ip
address parameter ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. Renaming Virtual machine

a. For renaming virtual machine, vmware_guest modules uses Vmware UUID which is unique
across vcenter environment.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to rename
virtual machine ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. Vmware guests facts

a. It is a module to find virtual machine and get information about VMWare UUID of the virtual
machine.

Note: The removal Vmware virtual machine using Vmware_guest module is destructive operation.
And cannot be reverted.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is vmware
guests facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Ansible Galaxy (Practical Book)

Learn in a simple & smart way

1. Introduction

a. Ansible Galaxy refers to the galaxy website where users can share roles, and to a command line
tool for installing, creating and managing roles.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is ansible
galaxy ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Roles

a. Installation

Command : ansible-galaxy install username.role_name

The ansible-galaxy command comes bundled with ansible and we can use it to install roles from
galaxy or directly from a git based SCM.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to install
specific roles ? At this point of time above command will help you.

3. Roles path

Command: ansible-galaxy install --roles-path . Lina.apache

The Above provides an example of using -roles-path to install the role into the current working
directory.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to change the
roles path ? At this point of time above command will help you.

4. Mutiple roles

a. We can use below command to install roles in requirement.yml.

Command: ansible-galaxy install -r requirements.yml

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to install
multiple roles from the file ? At this point of time above command will help you.

5. Dependencies

a. Roles can also be dependent on other roles, and when you install a role that has dependencies,
those dependencies will automatically be installed.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
dependencies ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
6. Create roles

a. Init command is used to initialize the base structure of a new role, saving time on creating the
various directories and main.yml files a role requires.

Command: ansible-galaxy init role_name

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is init
command ? At this point of time above command will help you.

7. Force option

a. Suppose if a directory matching the name of the role already exists in the current working
directory, the init command will result in an error.To ignore the error we use the –force option.

8. Search for roles

a. Search the galaxy database by tags, platforms, author and multiple keywords.

Command: ansible-galaxy search elasticsearch --author lina

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to search for
roles by author keywords ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. Role information

a. We can use the info command to view more detail about a specific role.

Command: ansible-galaxy info username.role_name

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to get the
information about the specific role ? At this point of time above command will help you.

10. List installed roles

a. Use list to show the name and version of each role installed in the roles_path.

Command: ansible-galaxy list

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to list
installed roles ? At this point of time above command will help you.

11. Remove an installed role

a. Use remove to delete a role from roles_path

Command: ansible-galaxy remove username.role_name

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to remove an
installed role ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
12. Authenticate with galaxy

Command: ansible-galaxy login

The above command authenticate with the galaxy website using a github username and password.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to
authenticate with galaxy ? At this point of time above command will help you.

13. Import a role.

a. The import command requires that you first authenticate using the login command.Once
authenticated you can import any github repository that you own or have been granted access.

Command: ansible-galaxy import github_user github_repo

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to import a
role ? At this point of time above command will help you.

14. Branch

a. We can use the -branch option to import a specific branch.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the name
of option using which we can import the specific branch ? At this point of time above definition
will help you.

15. Role name

a. We can rename the role name by using -role-name option.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to change the
role name ? At this point of time above option will help you.

16. Delete a role

a. The delete command requires that you first authenticate using the login command.

Command: ansible-galaxy delete github_user github_repo

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to delete a
role ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

17. Travis integrations

a. We can create an integration or connection between a role in galaxy and travis.

b. once the connection is established, a build in travis will automatically trigger an import in galaxy
, updating the search index with the latest information about the role.

Command: ansible-galaxy setup travis github_user github_repo XXX-travis-token-

xxx
Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to establish a
Travis integrations ? At this point of time above command will help you.

18. List Travis integrations

a. We can use the –list option to display your travis integrations.

Command: ansible-galaxy setup –list

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to list travis
integration? At this point of time above command will help you.

19. Remove Travis Integrations

a. We can use the -remove option to disable and remove a travis integration.

Command: ansible-galaxy setup --remove ID

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to remove
travis integration ? At this point of time above command will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Ansible (Practical Book)

Playbook keywords

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. There are four playbook objects

1. play
2. Role
3. Block
4. Task

2. Play

a. any_errors_fatal: Force any un-handled task errors on any host to propagate to all hosts and end
the play.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
any_error_fatal module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

b. debugger: Enable debugging tasks based on state of the task result.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
debugger ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

c. port : It is used to replace the default port used in a connection.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is port ? At
this point of time above definition will help you.

d. environment: A dictionary that gets converted into environment vars to be provided for the task
upon execution.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
environment module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

e. max_fail_percentage: can be used to abort the run after a given percentage of hosts in the current
batch has failed.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
max_fail_percentage module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. Role

a. become: Boolean that controls if privilege escalation is used or not on task execution.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is become
module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

b. no_log : Boolean that controls information disclosure.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is no_log
module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

c. remote_user: user used to log into the target via the connection plugin.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
remote_user module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

d. check_mode: A boolean that controls if a task is executed in 'check' mode.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
check_mode module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

e. module_defaults: Specifies default parameter values for modules.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
module_defaults ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. Block

a. delegate_facts: It is a boolean that allow you to apply facts to a delegated host instead of
inventory_hostname.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
delegate_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

b. rescue: list of tasks in a block that run if there is a task error in the main block list.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is rescue ?
At this point of time above definition will help you.

c. check_mode: It is a boolean that controls if a task is executed in check mode.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is check
mode ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

d. ignore_unreachable: Boolean that allows you to ignore unreachable hosts and continue with play.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
ignore_unreachable module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

e. run_once: Boolean that will bypass the host loop, forcing the task to attempt to execute on the
first host available and afterwards apply any results and facts to all active hosts in the same batch.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
run_once ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

f. Task:

a. action: The action to execute for a task, it normally translates into a C(module) or action plugin.
Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is action ?
At this point of time above definition will help you.

b. delay: Number of seconds to delay between retries.It is used in combination with until.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is delay ? At
this point of time above definition will help you.

c. loop_control: several keys here allow you to modify/set loop behaviour in a task.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
loop_control module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

d. register: It is name of variable that will contain task status and module return data.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is register ?
At this point of time above definition will help you.

e. poll: sets the polling interval in seconds for async tasks (default 10s)

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is poll ? At
this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Ansible Configuration (Practical Book)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Introduction

a. Ansible supports a few ways of providing configuration variables, mainly through environment
variables, command line switches and an ini file named ansible.cfg

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the
importance of ansible configuration file? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Action_warnings

a. By default ansible will issue a warning when received from a task action (module or action
plugin). These warnings can be silenced by adjusting this setting to false.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
action_warnings ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. Allow_world_readable_tmpfiles

a. This option makes the temporary files created on the machine to be world readable and will issue
a warning instead of failing the task.It is useful when becoming an unprivileged user.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the
importance of allow_world_readable_tmpfiles ? At this point of time above definition will help
you.

4. Ansible_nocolor

a. This setting allows suppressing colorizing output, which is used to give a better indication of
failure and status information.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
ansible_nocolor ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. Ansible_ssh_retries

a. Number of attempts to establish a connection before we give up and report the host as
unreachable.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ansible_ssh_retries? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. cache_plugin_connection

a. Defines connection or path information for the cache plugin.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
cache_plugin_connection ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
7. cache_plugin_timeout

a. expiration timeout for the cache plugin data

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
cache_plugin_timeout ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. color_changed

a. defines the color to use on changed task status

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
color_changed ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. color_debug

a. defines the color to use when emitting debug messages.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
color_debug ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. color_deprecate

a. defines the color to use when emitting deprecation messages.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the color_deprecate? At this point of time above definition will help you.

11. color_error

a. defines the color to use when emitting error messages.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the color_error? At this point of time above definition will help you.

12. color_highlight

a. defines the color to use for highlighting.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
color_highlight ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

13. color_ok

a. defines the color to use when showing 'OK' task status

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the color_ok ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

14. default_ask_su_pass

a. This controls whether an ansible playbook should prompt for a su password.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the default_ask_su_pass ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

15. default forks

a. maximum number of forks ansible will use to execute tasks on target hosts.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ansible configuration file? At this point of time above definition will help you.

16. default_keep_remote_files

a. enables/disables the cleaning up of the temporary files ansible used to execute the tasks on the
remote.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the default_keep_remote_files? At this point of time above definition will help you.

17. default_local_tmp

a. temporary directory for ansible to use on the controller.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the
importance of the default_local_tmp ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

18. default_log_filter

a. list of logger names to filter out of the log file.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
default_log_filter? At this point of time above definition will help you.

19. default_module_compression

a. compression scheme to use when transferring python modules to the target.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the
importance of default_module_compression? At this point of time above definition will help you.

20. default_strategy

a. set the default strategy used for plays.

Interview QA: Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the
importance of default strategy ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Cloud Modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. aws_acm_facts (amazon)

a. It is used to retrieve certificate facts from AWS certificate manager service.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the aws_acm_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. atomic_container (atomic)

a. It is used to manage the containers on the atomic host platform.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the atomic_container ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. azure (Azure)

a. It is used to create or terminate a virtual machine in azure.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the azure ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. clc_server (Centurylink)

a. It is used to create, delete, start and stop servers in centurylink cloud.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the clc_server ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. cloudscale_server (cloudscale)

a. It is used to manages floating Ips on the cloudscale.ch laas service.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the cloudscale_server ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. cs_account (Cloudstack)

a. It is used to manage account on apache cloudstack based clouds.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the cs_account ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. digital_ocean (Digital_Ocean)

a. It is used to create or delete a droplet or ssh_key in digitalocean.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the digital_ocean ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
8. dimensiondata_vlan (Dimensiondata)

a. It is used to manage a VLAN in a cloud control network domain.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the dimensiondata_vlan ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. docker_container (Docker)

a. It is used to manage docker containers.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the docker_container ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. gc_storage (Google)

a. It is used to manages objects/buckets in google cloud storage.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the gc_storage ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

11. linode (Linode)

a. It is used to manage instances on the linode public cloud.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the linode ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

12. memset_zone (Memset)

a. It is used to creates and deletes memset DNS zones.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the memset_zone ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

13. oneandone_public_ip (Oneandone)

a. It is used to configure 1&1 public Ips.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the oneandone_public_ip ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

14. online_user_facts (Online)

a. It is used to gather facts about online user.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the online_user_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

15. one_host (Opennebula)

a. Manages opennebula hosts.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the one_host ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

16. os_image (Openstack)

a. It is used to add or delete images from openstack cloud.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the os_image ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

17. packet_device (Packet)

a. It is used to manage a bare metal server in the packet host.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the packet_device ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

18. rax (Rackspace)

a. It is used to create or delete an instance in rackspace public cloud.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the rax ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

19. scaleway_volume _facts (Scaleway)

a. Gather facts about the scaleway volumes avaiable.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the scaleway_volume_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

20. vca_fw (Vmware)

a. It is used to add remove firewall rules in a gateway in a vca.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the vca_fw ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Clustering & Command modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. consul

a. It will add , modify or delete services within a consul cluster.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the consul ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. consul_acl

a. It will manipulate consul ACL keys and rules.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the vca_fw ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. consul_kv

a. It will manipulate entries in the key/value store of a consult cluster.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the consul_kv ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. consul_session

a. It is used to manipulate consul sessions.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the consul_session ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. etcd3

a. It is used to set or delete key value pairs from an etcd3 cluster.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the etcd3 ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. pacemaker_cluster

a. It is used to manage pacemaker clusters.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the pacemaker_cluster ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. znode

a. It is used to create, delete, retrieve and update znodes using zookeeper.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the znode ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
8. k8s

a. It is used to manage kubernetes objects.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the k8s ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. k8s_scale

a. It is used to set a new size for a deployment, replicaset,replication controller or job.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the k8s_scale ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. k8s_facts

a. Above module describe kubernetes (k8s) objects.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the k8s_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

11. kubernetes

a. It is used to manage kubernetes resources.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the kuberntes module ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

12. oc

a. It is used to manage openshift resources.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the oc ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

13. command:

a. It is used to executes a command on a remote node.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the command ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

14. expect

a. It is used to executes a command and responds to prompts.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the expect ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
15. psexec

a. It is used to run commands on a remote windows host based on the psexec model.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the psexec ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

16. raw

a. It is used to executes a low-down and dirty ssh command.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the raw ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

17. script

a. run a local script on a remote node after transferring it.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the script ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

18. shell

a. execute commands in nodes.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the shell ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

19. telnet

a. executes a low down and dirty telnet command.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the telnet ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Database & File Modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. influxdb_database

a. It is used to manage influxdb databases.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the influxdb_database ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. kibana_plugin

a. It is used to manage kibana plugins

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the kibana_plugin ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. mongodb_user

a. It is used to add or removes a user from a mongodb database.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the mongodb_user ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. mssql_db

a. It is used to add or remove MSSQL databases from a remote host.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the mssql_db ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. mysql_db

a. It is used to add or remove mysql databases from a remote host.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the mysql_db ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. postgresql_db

a. It is used to add or remove postgresql databases from a remote host.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the postgresql_db ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. proxysql_global_variables

a. It is used to gets or sets the proxysql global variables

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the proxysql_global_variables ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. vertica_facts

a. It is used to gathers vertica database facts.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the vertica_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. vertica_user

a. It is used to adds or removes vertica database users and assign roles.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the vertica_user ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. acl

a. It is a file module which is used to set and retrieves file ACL information.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the acl ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

11. archive

a. It is used to creates a compressed archive of one or more files or trees.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the telnet ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

12. copy

a. Copies files to remote locations.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the copy ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

13. fetch

a. It is used to fetches a file from remote nodes.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the fetch ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

14. iso_extract

a. It is used to extract files from an ISO image.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the iso_extract ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
15. lineinfile

a. Manage lines in text files.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the lineinfile ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

16. stat

a. retrieve file or file system status

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the stat ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

17. tempfile

a. creates temporary files and directories.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the tempfile ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

18. unarchive

a. Unpacks an archive after copying it from the local machine.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the unarchive ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

19. xattr

a. It is used to manage user defined extended attributes.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the xattr ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

20. xml

a. It is used to manage bits and pieces of XML files or strings.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the xml ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Identity & Messaging modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. onepassword_facts

a. It is a module which is used to fetch facts from 1password items.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the onepassword_facts? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. cyberark_authentication

a. It is a module for cyberark vault authentication using PAS web services SDK.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the cyberark_authentication? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. ipa_config

a. It is a module which is used to manage global freeIPA configuration settings.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ipa_config? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. ipa_user

a. It is a module which is used to manage FreeIPA users.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ipa_user ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. ipa_vault

a. It is module which is used to manage FreeIPA vaults.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ipa_vault? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. keycloak_client

a. It is a module which allow administration of keycloak clients via keycloak API.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the keycloak_client ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. group_by

a. It is a inventory modules which is used to create ansible groups based on facts.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the group_by? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8.rabbitmq_binding

a. It is a module which manages rabbitMQ bindings.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the rabbitmq_binding ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. rabbitmq_exchange

a. It is a module which manages rabbitMQ exchanges.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the rabbitmq_exchange ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. rabbitmq_user

a. It is a module which is used to add or removes users to RabbitMQ.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the rabbitmq_user ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Monitoring & Network Modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. logicmonitor

a. It is a module which is used to manage your logicmonitor account through ansible playbooks.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the logicmonitor ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. logicmonitor_facts

a. It is a module which is used to collect facts about logicmonitor objects.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the logicmonitor_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. monit

a. It is a module which is used to manage the state of a program monitored via monit.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the monit ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. pagerduty

a. It is a module which is used to create pagerduty maintenance windows.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the pagerduty ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. uptimerrobot

a. It is a module which is used to pause and start uptime robot monitoring.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the uptimerrobot ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. zabbix_host_facts

a. It is a module which is used to gather facts about zabbix host.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the zabbix_host_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. zabbix_group_facts

a. It is a module which is used to gather facts about zabbix hostgroup.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the zabbix_group_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. net_banner

a. It is a network module which is used to manage multline banners on network devices.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the net_banner ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. net_logging

a. It is a network module which is used to manage logging on network devices.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the net_logging ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. net_ping

a. It is a network module which is used to tests reachability using ping from a network device.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the net_ping ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Notification & packaging modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Jabber

a. It is a module which is used to send a message to jabber user or chatroom.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the jabber ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. twilio

a. It is a module which is used to send text message to a mobile phone through twilio.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the twilio ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. say

a. It is a module which makes computer to speak.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the say ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. hipchat

a. It is a module which send a message to hipchat.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the hipchat ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. slack

a. It is a module which send slack notifications.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the slack ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. bower

a. It is a module which manages bower packages with bower

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the bower ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. npm

a. It is a module which manages node.js packages with npm.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the npm ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. pip

a. It is a module which manages python library dependencies.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the pip ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. rhn_channel

a. It is a module which adds or removes redhat software channels.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the rhn_channel ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. apk

a. It is a module which manages packages with the dnf package manager.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the apk ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Remote Management & Source code modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. wakeonlan

a. It is a module which send a magic wake on lan broadcast packet.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the wakeonlan ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. hpilo_boot

a. It is a module which boot system using specific media through HP iLO interface.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the hpilo_boot ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. ipmi_boot

a. It is a module which is used to manage the order of boot devices.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ipmi_boot ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. ipmi_power

a. It is a module which manages the power of the machine.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ipmi_power ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. ucs_ip_pool

a. It is a module which configures IP address pools on cisco UCS manager.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ucs_ip_pool ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. git

a. It is a module which deploy software from git checkouts.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the git ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. git_config

a. It is a module which read and write git configuration.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the git_config ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. gitlab_hooks

a. It is a module which manages gitlab project hooks.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the gitlab_hooks ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. subversion

a. It is a module which deploys a subversion repository.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the subversion ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. github_issue

a. It is a module which view github issue.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the github_issue ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Storage & System Modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. emc_vnx_sg_member

a. It is a module which manage storage group member on EMC VNX.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the emc_vnx_sg_member ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. gluster_volume

a. It is a module which manage glusterfs volumes.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the gluster_volume ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. ibm_sa_vol

a. It is a module which manages volumes on an IBM spectrum acclerate storage array.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ibm_sa_vol ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. infini_vol

a. It is a module which is used to create, delete or modify volumes on infinibox.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the infini_vol ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. purefa_ds

a. It is a module which is used to configure flasharray directory service.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the purefa_ds ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. at

a. It is a module which schedule the execution of a command or script file via the at command.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the at ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. known_hosts

a. It is a module which add or remove a host from the known_hosts file.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the known_hosts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. setup

a. It is a module which gathers fact about remote hosts.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the setup ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. ufw

a. It is a module which manage firewall with UFW.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ufw ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. vdo

a. It is a module which control VDO.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the vdo ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Utilities & Web Infrastructure Modules (Ansible)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. pause

a. It is a module which pause playbook execution.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the pause ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. set_fact

a. It is a module which set host facts from a task.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the set_fact ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. set_stats

a. It is a module which set stats for the current ansible run.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the set_stats ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. wait_for

a. It is a module which waits for a condition before continuing.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the wait_for? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. wait_for_connection

a. It is a module which waits until remote system is unreachable /usable.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the wait_for_connection ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. htpasswd

a. It is a web infrastructure module which manages user files for basic authentication.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the htpasswd ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. jenkins_plugin

a. It is a web infrastructure module which add or remove jenkins plugin.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the jenkins_plugin ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. nginx_status_facts

a. It is a web infrastructure module which retrieve nginx status facts.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the nginx_status_facts ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. jira

a. It is web infrastructure module which create and modify issues in a JIRA instance.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the jira ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. django_manage

a. It is a web infrastructure module which manages a django application.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the django_manage ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Swarm of Docker Engines (Docker)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way.

1. Manager nodes are the key component for managing the swarms and storing the swarm state.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the manager nodes ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. Swarm manager nodes use the raft consensus algorithm to manage the swarm state.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how swarm
nodes manages the nodes ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. If the swarm loses the quorum of managers, the swarm cannot perform management tasks.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what will happen
if swarm loses the quorum of managers ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. When initiating a swarm, you must specify the –advertise-addr flag to advertise your address to
other manager nodes in the swarm.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the –advertise-addr flag ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. We should maintain an odd number of managers in the swarm to support manager node failures.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to maintain
manager node failures? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. By default manager nodes also act as a worker nodes.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you Is it true manager
nodes act as a worker nodes ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. To avoid interference with manager node operation , we can drain manager nodes to make them
unavailable as worker nodes:

Command: docker node update --availability drain node-name

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to avoid
interference with manager node operation? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8.We can monitor the health of manager nodes by running the below command.

Command: docker node inspect node-id

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to monitor
the health of manager nodes ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
9. We can also get the overview of the swarm health from a manager node with below command.

Command: docker node ls

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to view
swarm health from a manager node ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

Note: We should never restart a manager node by copying the raft directory from another node.

10. Below are the steps to cleanly re-join a manager node to a cluster.

a. To demote the node to a worker.

Command: docker node demote node-name

b. To remove the node from the swarm

Command: docker node rm node-name

c. Rejoin the node to the swarm with a fresh state.

Command: docker swarm join

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what are the steps
to cleanly re-join a manager node to a cluster ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

11. We can forcefully remove the node without shutting it down by passing the --force flag.

Command: docker node rm –-force node-name

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to remove
the node ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

12. Docker manager nodes store the swarm state and manager logs in the /var/lib/docker/swarm
directory.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you where docker
manager nodes store the swarm state and manager logs ? At this point of time above definition will
help you.

13. Re-initialize the swarm using the following command:

Command: docker swarm init --force-new-cluster

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to
reinitialize the swarm ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Notary Client (Docker)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Before adding and signing content to a collection, you must first initialize that collection.

Command: notary init example.com/collection

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to add and
sign content to a collection ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. To add targets to a trusted collection with below command

Command: notary add example.com/collection target-name local-file-name

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to add
targets to a trusted collection? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. To remove targets, we use the notary remove command.

Command: notary remove example.com/collection v1

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to remove
the targets ? At this point of time above command will help you.

4. By default, the notary client is responsible for managing the private keys for root,targets &
snapshot roles.

5. The notary server is always responsible for managing the timestamp key.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is notary
server? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. We can use the notary key rotate command to rotate the targets or snapshot keys.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to rotate the
targets or snapshot keys ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. Notary can be used with Yubikey 4 keys.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you Is it possible to
use notary with the yubikey? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. The Yubikey is prioritized to store root keys and requires user touch-input for signing.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is yubikey?
At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. Delegation roles simplify collaborator workflows in notary trusted collections and also allow for
fine-granted permissions within a collection's contents across delegations.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
delegation ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
10. We can view the delegations using a list command.

Command: notary delegation list example.com/collection

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to view
delegations ? At this point of time above command will help you.

11. Notary stores state in its trust_dir directory, which is ~/.notary by default.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you where notary
stores state ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Ambassador container & Apparmor security profiles (Docker)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Ambassador pattern is used to abstract services.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the ambassador pattern? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. User-defined networks allow you to connect services together, including managing DNS
resolution among them.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
user-defined networks? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. Overlay networks allow containers running on different docker hosts to communicate in a

seamless, encapsulated way.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the overlay networks ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. config allow you to plug configuration details into swarm service containers at runtime instead
of backing configuration details into your docker images.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
config ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. stacks allow you to group multiple swarm services together, including defining networks, storage
and dependency relationships among the services.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the stacks? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. Application Armor is a linux security model that protects an operating system and its
applications from security threats.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
application armor ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. The docker-default profile is the default for running containers.It is moderately protective while
providing wide application compatibility.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the docker-default profile ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. Below are the steps to load profiles

a. Command: apparmor_parser -r -W /path/to/your_profile

b. Run the custom profile with –security-opt

Command: docker run –rm -it security-opt apparmor=your_profile hello-world

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to load the
profiles ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. Below are the steps to unload profiles

a. Stop apparmor

Command: /etc/init.d/apparmor stop

b. unload the profile

Command: apparmor_parser -R /path/to/profile

c. Start apparmor

Command: /etc/init.d/apparmor start

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to unload
the profiles ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. We can use dmesg command to debug the apparmor

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to debug the
apparmor ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

11. We can use aa-status command to check which profiles are loaded.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
the aa-status command ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Docker Trusted Registry Architecture

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Docker trusted registry is a containerized application that runs on premises or on the cloud and
allows you to store and manage your docker images.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is docker
trusted registry? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. There are two types of networks used by DTR

a. dtr-br is a bridge type which allows DTR components on the same node to communicate with
each other in a secure way.

b. dtr-ol is a overlay type which allow DTR components running on different nodes to
communicate, to replicate DTR data.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what are the two
types of network used by DTR ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. By default DTR stores images on the filesystem of the node where it is running, but we can
configure it to use an external storage system.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you where DTR store
images ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. Run docker-machine create with the amazonc2 driver , credentials, inbound port , region and a
name for the new instance.

Command: docker-machine create –driver amazonce2 –amazonc2-open-port 8000 –

amazonec2-region us-west-1 aws-sandbox

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to create
docker-machine ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. Use below command to check whether new machine is the active host or not.

Command: docker-machine ls

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to know
whether new machine is the active host or not ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. Backup of DTR

Syntax : docker run -i –rm docker/dtr \ backup > backup.tar

Above command creates a tar file with the contents of the volumes used by DTR and prints it.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to take the
backup of DTR? At this point of time above definition will help you.
7. Use below command to remove any DTR container

Command: docker run -it --rm \

docker/dtr:<version> destroy \
--ucp-insecure-tls

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to remove
any DTR container? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8.We can restore the DTR metadata with the docker/dtr restore command.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to restore
the DTR metadata ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

Machine concepts

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. Docker machine allows us to provision docker machines in a variety of environments, including
virtual machines that reside on your local system, on cloud providers or on bare metal servers.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the role
of docker mac/hine ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

2. The docker logs command shows information logged by a running container.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to show
information logged by a running container ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

3. The docker service logs command shows information logged by all containers participating in a
service.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to check the
logs of all the containers ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

4. We can use sudo service docker status command to know whether docker is running or not.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to check the
docker status ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

5. We can use below command to start the docker

Command: sudo systemctl start docker

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to start the
docker ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

6. By default docker provides two network drivers for you, the bridge and the overlay drivers.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what are the two
types of network drivers? At this point of time above definition will help you.

7. We can use below command to list out the network.

Command: docker network ls

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to list out
the network ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

8. We can use the docker stats command to live stream a container's runtime metrics.

Command: docker stats

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you how to check the
docker runtime metrics ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

9. The ip-netns exec command allows you to execute any program (present in the host system)
within any network namespace visible to the current process.
Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is the use of
ip-netns exec command ? At this point of time above definition will help you.

10. Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container docker applications.

Interview QA : Suppose you are going for the interview and interviewer ask you what is
compose ? At this point of time above definition will help you.
 LINUX KURIOSITY

DevOps:Puppet (Interview QA)

Learn in a simple & smart way

1. What is attribute ?

Ans: Attribute specify the desired state of a given configuration resource.Each resource type has a
different set of attributes and each attribute has its own set of allowed values.

2. How to invoke the puppet agent software ?

Ans: We can invoke the agent software by running the puppet-agent command.

3. What is the role of puppet agent ?

Ans: A puppet agent regularly performs puppet runs, wherein it sends facts to a puppet master and
receives a configuration catalog, then applies the catalog to the local system using its providers.

4. Catalogs are compiled by whom ?

Ans: Catalogs are compiled by a puppet master from manifests and agent-provided data as well as
optional external data.

5. What are the two functions create relationships between classes ?

Ans: require and contain functions

6. What is the role console in puppet ?

Ans: Puppet enterprise includes a web user interface called the console, which provides tools for
managing your puppet infrastructure.

7. In puppet what is environment ?

Ans: An environment is an isolated group of puppet agent nodes that a puppet master can serve
with its own main manifest and set of modules.

8. What is exported resource ?

Ans: An exported resource is a resource that you have declared to be available to other node that
can then collect the exported resource and manage their own copies.

9. What is external node classifier ?

Ans: An external node classifier is an executable script that returns information about which
classes to apply to a node when called by a puppet master.

10. What is fact ?

Ans: A piece of information about a node, such as its hostname,IP address and operating system, is
a fact.

11. Who reads facts about node such as its hostname, IP address and operating system and
makes them available to puppet ?
Ans: Facter is puppet's system inventory tool.

12. What is the name of the repository in which puppet stores files backups when it has to
replace files ?

Ans: filebucket

13. What is function ?

Ans: A function is a puppet language statement that returns a value or modifies a catalog.

14.Who provides hierarchical key-value lookup for site-specific data ?

Ans: Hiera tool

15.What is idempotence ?

Ans: Idempotence refers to the concept of doing something multiple times with the same outcome.

16. How to derive puppet class from another class ?

Ans: inherits keyword

17. What is lambda ?

Ans: It is a block of parameterized puppet language code that you can pass to certain functions.

18. What is the main point of entry used by a puppet master when compiling a catalog ?

Ans: main manifest

19. What is manifest ?

Ans: It is a file contains code written in the puppet language and is named with the .pp file
extension.

20. Who uses manifest ordering to apply unrelated resources in the order that they are
declared in their manifests ?

Ans: puppet

21. Using which server puppet master provides catalogs to agents ?

Ans: puppet master

22. What is the meaning of masterless in puppet ?

Ans: Masterless is a term used to refer to a puppet node that does not rely on a master for its
catalog.
23. What is metaparameter ?

Ans: A metaparameter is a resource attribute that can be specified for any type of resource.

24. What is module ?

Ans: A collection of classes, resource types files, function and templates.

25. How to run the puppet in no-op mode ?

Ans: Command: puppet agent --noop

26. What is parameter ?

Ans: A parameter is a chunk of information that a class or resource can accept.

27. What is design pattern ?

Ans: A design pattern is a colloquial term used to describe a collection of related mainfests that are
designed to solve an issue or manage a particular configuration item.

28. What is plusignment operator ?

Ans: The plusignment operator adds values to resource attributes using the plusignment syntax.

29. What is profile ?

Ans: A profile represents the configuration of a technology stack for a site and typically consists of
one or more classes.

30. What is property ?

Ans: A property is a value that corresponds to an observable part of the target node's state.

31. Who implements resource types on a specific type of system by using the system's own
tools ?

Ans: providers

32. What is plugin ?

Ans: A plugin is a custom type, function or fact that extends puppet's capabilities and is distributed
via a module.

33. ________ is an open-source database that catches and stores data generated by puppet.

Ans: puppetDB

34. A _________ is a package repository that contains versions of open-source puppet

components designed to work together.
Ans: puppet collection

35. When a puppet run ?

Ans: When a puppet agent sends facts and an identifying certificate to a puppet master and
requests a compiled catalog in return.

36. What is the role of the puppet server ?

Ans: Puppet server is an open-source java virtual machine application that provides high-
performance, scalable puppet master services and an administrative API for maintenance.

37.What is puppetfile ?

Ans: A puppetfile is an authoritative, standalone list that specifies to r10k which modules to install
what versions to install and what source to use.

38. Which tool in puppet enterprise helps you manage puppet code in environments and
modules by using puppetfiles.

Ans: r10k

39. What is razor ?

Ans: It is a puppet enterprise provisioning application designed to help you discover,configure and
deploy bare-metal hardware, even if it doesn't yet have an operating system.

40.Who can take a puppet report, transform it to a specific format and send it to another
application, location or service.

Ans: report processor

41. What are the scopes in the puppet language ?

Ans:

a. top scope : from which variables are accessible from anywhere by their short name but can be
overridden in a local scope.

b. node scope: a special scope created in a node definition.

c. local scope: where we can refer to a variable by its short name inside that scope and the scope's
children, but typically cannot access it from other scopes.

42. What is an in the puppet language such as class that can only be evaluated once ?

Ans: singleton
 LINUX KURIOSITY

JIRA AGILE (Interview QA)

Learn in a Simple & Smart way

1. What is backlog ?

Ans: A backlog is a list of the outstanding user stories, bugs and features for a product or sprint.

2. What is Burndown chart ?

Ans: A burndown chart shows the actual and estimated amount of work to be done in a sprint.

The horizontal x-axis in a burndown chart indicates time and vertical y-axis indicates cards.

3. What is control chart ?

Ans: A control chart can show the cycle time or lead time of your product, version or sprint. The
horizontal x-axis in a control chart indicates time and the vertical y-axis indicates the number of
days issues have spent in those statuses.

4. What is cumulative flow diagram ?

Ans: A cumulative flow diagram is an area chart that shows the various statuses of work items for a
particular time interval.

5. What is cycle time ?

Ans: cycle time is the time spent working on an issue.

6. What is epic ?

Ans: An epic captures a large body of work.

7. What is kanban ?

Ans: Kanban is a system for visualizing the flow of work and limiting work in progress. Kanban
allows a team to reduce waste and focus on delivering customer value.

8. What is kanban board ?

Ans: A kanban board is a board that was created using either the “kanban” preset or the “DIY”
option.

9. What is lead time ?

Ans: lead time is the time taken from when an issue is logged until work is completed on that issue.

10. What is product backlog ?

Ans: A product backlog is a high level list of customer requirements for the project that is owned
by the product owner /manager

11. What is the role of quick filter ?

Ans: A quick filter refines the collection of issues displayed on your board.
12. What is scrum ?

Ans: Scrum is an agile development methodology where work is completed iteratively over a
number of discrete time periods.

13. What is scrum board ?

Ans: A Scrum board is a board that was created using the “scrum” preset.

14. What is the meaning of scrum of Scrums ?

Ans: Scrum of scrums is a means of scaling scrum to large, multi-team projects.

15. What is sprint ?

Ans: A sprint is also known as iteration which is a short period in which the development team
implements and delivers a discrete product increment.

16 What is sprint backlog ?

Ans: A sprint backlog contains the list of tasks that need to be completed to implement the features
planned for a particular sprint.

17. What is the role of swimlane ?

Ans: A swimlane is a means of categorising issues so that agile teams can see which issues they
should work on next.

18. What is velocity ?

Ans: The velocity of a team is a measure of how much work that the team can handle within a
specific time period i.e how much of the product backlog can be completed by the team in a sprint.

19. What is the role of wallboard ?

Ans: A wallboard is a type of information radiator that displays vital data about the progress of the
development team.

20. What is version ?

Ans: A version is a set of features and fixes released together as a single update to your product.