BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESOURCE BOOK
CLASS 12TH NCERT BIOLOGY
ALL IN ONE – ARIHANT CLASS 12TH
WEBSITE
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
WWW.SCRIBD.COM
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my physics
teacher Mr. Dinesh Singh Kushwah as well our principal Mr.
Nikesh Sharma for providing me with the wonderful
opportunity to work on the project “TO STUDY THE FACTOR
ON WHICH THE SELF-INDUCTANCE OF A COIL DEPENDS BY
OBSERVING THE EFFECT OF THIS COIL WHEN PUT IN A SERIES
WITH A RESISTOR (BULB) IN A CIRCUIT FED UP WITH AN AC
SOURCE OF ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY” which also assisted me
in finishing one of the best physics projects and introducing
me to so many new things.
I would like to extend my gratitude to my parent & family
members who helped me gather different information, collect
data and guided me from time to time in doing this project. I’d
also like to thanks my all friends for their assistance in
completing this task in such short period of time.
INDEX
AIM
APPARATUS
THEORY & CIRCUITDIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS
SOURCES OF ERRORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM
To study the factor on which the self-
inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil when put
in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit
fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable
frequency.
APPARATUS
A coil of large turns, a.c. source of
adjustable frequency, an electrical
bulb, (6V) a.c. ammeter of suitable
range rheostat, a soft iron rod, one-
way key, connecting wires etc.
THEORY
Self-inductance is the property of acoil
which opposes the change in current
through it. The self-inductance of a
coil (long solenoid) is
µ0 µ𝑟 𝑁2 𝐴
L = 𝑙
Where µ𝑟 = Relative magnetic
permeability of magnetic material,
µ
µ𝑟 =
µ0
N = Total number of turns in
solenoid
A = Area of cross-section of
solenoid l = length of solenoid
Hence, the self-inductance
depends upon:
1. No. of turns (N), L α N²
𝟏
𝒍
2. Geometry of coil, L αA, α --
L
3. Nature of core material, L α µ
When an inductor is connected in
series with a resistor (bulb) with a
variable source of frequency, the
current flowing in the bulb is
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑍
=
Where Z = 𝑅 2
+ 𝜔2𝐿2 = Impedance of
the
a.c. circuit. Here
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self-inductance of coil
𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of
a.c. source.
The brightness of the bulb
i.e., the Heatgenerated in
the bulb is
𝑟𝑚
𝐼
2
H= Zt
𝑠
𝐻
𝐼𝑟𝑚sZ
2
𝑡
P = =
P = I 𝑅 +
rms 𝜔𝐿2 2 2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
1. Make all connections as
shown in the circuit
diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust
the current in the circuit by using
the variable resistor (𝑅ℎ).
3. Record the current in a.c.
ammeter & see the brightness of
bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside
the conductor core & record the
current in a.c. ammeter & again
check the brightness of bulb. The
current &brightness both decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply &
decrease the frequency of a.c. source
(say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust
the current in circuit at the same
constant voltage 6V by usingthe
rheostat. Note the current in the
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The
current & brightness both will
increase.
7. Again, insert the iron rod in the
core of the coil & note the current
& brightness. The current &
brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for
different frequency of a.c. source.
OBSERVATIONS
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
S. Frequency Current in Current in
N
of applied ammeter ammeter
O
voltage without with iron
(Hz) iron rod in
rod in coil coil (A)
(A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
RESULT
1. The current in the circuit
decreases on inserting the iron rod
in the coil's core at constant
frequency of applied voltage & the
brightness of the bulb decreases &
vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit
increases by decreasing the
frequency of applied voltage &
vice-versa. Therefore, the
brightness of the bulb increases.
PRECAUTIONS
1. The coil should have large
number of turns.
2. Current should be passed for a
small time to avoid the heating
effect.
SOURCES OF ERROR
1. The resistance of circuit may
increase slightly due to heating
effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current
in soft iron coil.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESOURCES BOOK
CLASS 12TH NCERT PHYSICS
ALL IN ONE – ARIHANT CLASS 12TH
WEBSITE
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
WWW.SCRIBD.COM
