MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

FINAL ASSIGNMENT

Major: AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

Course’s name: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Course code: EGM110

Instructor (Lecturer): Le Hong Hieu

Students’s name: Huynh Huu Tai ID: 2182501983 Class: 21DOTQA2

Ho Chi Minh City, 2024

 FINAL ASSIGNMENT

Major: AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

Course’s name: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Course code: EGM110

Instructor (Lecturer): Le Hong Hieu

Students’s name: Huynh Huu Tai ID: 2182501983 Class: 21DOTQA2

Ho Chi Minh City, 2022

Table Of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................2
CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................3
1.1 Objectives of the
Report...........................................................................................3
1.2 Scope and Research
Methodology............................................................................3
1.3 Theoretical
Basis......................................................................................................3
CHAPTER II: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY OF STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS.......4
2.1 Definition and Importance of Strength of
Materials.................................................4
2.2 Types of Stress and
Strain.........................................................................................4
2.3 Mechanical Properties of
Materials..........................................................................5
CHAPTER III: STRENGTH ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS
STRUCTURES...................6
3.1 Tension and Compression in
Rods...........................................................................6
3.2 Bending in
Beams.....................................................................................................6
3.3 Torsion in
Shafts.......................................................................................................7
3.4 Combined Stresses and
Analysis..............................................................................7
CHAPTER IV: CALCULATIONS AND
APPLICATIONS.........................................8
4.1 Methods for Calculating Stress and
Strain................................................................8

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4.2 Applied
Exercises.....................................................................................................8
4.3 Applications in Design and
Construction...............................................................12
CHAPTER V: EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATIONS USING
SOLIDWORKS.....13
5.1 Purpose of the Experiments and
Simulations..........................................................13
5.2 Overview of
SolidWorks........................................................................................13
5.3 Basic Commands for 3D Modeling in
SolidWorks................................................13
5.4 Essential Commands for Material Strength
Simulation..........................................14
5.5 Procedures for Strength of Materials
Experiments.................................................14
5.5.1 Mini-chair.....................................................................................................14
5.5.2 Teapot.
5.6 Analysis and Evaluation of Experimental Results
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION....
6.1 Summary of Findings
REFERENCES...

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to the
completion of this assignment. First and foremost, I am deeply grateful to my
professor and the faculty at HUTECH University for their invaluable guidance,
encouragement, and insightful feedback, which have greatly enhanced the quality of
my work.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to my classmates and friends for their
constant support and for sharing resources and ideas that enriched this report. Lastly,
I am thankful to my family, whose patience and encouragement were fundamental in
motivating me to complete this project. This report is a culmination of the collective
support from all those who have contributed to my academic journey.

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 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1. Objectives of the Report

This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental concepts
in Strength of Materials, focusing on the mechanical behavior of materials under
various types of loading conditions. By examining theoretical principles and
practical applications, this report seeks to enhance understanding of how materials
respond to forces and to apply these principles in real-world structural design and
engineering contexts.

2. Scope and Research Methodology

The scope of this report covers essential theories of stress, strain, and material
properties, including how they are measured, calculated, and applied in
engineering. The methodology involves a thorough literature review of
fundamental principles, calculations based on standard formulas, and an analysis
of case studies in construction and material testing. This approach provides both
theoretical and practical perspectives on the strength and deformation of materials
under various forces.

3. Theoretical Basis
The theory of Strength of Materials, a core subject in engineering, examines how
different materials withstand stresses and strains when subjected to forces such as
tension, compression, torsion, and bending. This discipline is crucial in
determining the safety and reliability of structures, allowing engineers to design
materials and structures that can withstand specified loads without failure.
Theoretical principles from physics and materials science serve as the foundation
for understanding material strength, elasticity, plasticity, and resilience.

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 CHAPTER II: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY OF STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS

2.1 Definition and Importance of Strength of Materials

The Strength of Materials, also known as mechanics of materials, is a field of
study in engineering that deals with the behavior of solid objects under various
types of forces and loads. Understanding the strength of materials is essential for
designing safe and durable structures, from bridges and buildings to machinery
and tools. This field focuses on the internal forces, stress, strain, and deformation
that materials experience, allowing engineers to predict how materials will
respond in different scenarios. By assessing the strength and stability of
materials, engineers ensure that structures can withstand the loads they are
subjected to, contributing to both safety and efficiency.

2.2 Types of Stress and Strain

Stress and strain are fundamental concepts in the study of material strength,
describing how materials respond to external forces:

 Stress is the internal force exerted by an object per unit area, often
measured in pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m²). There are
several types of stress based on how the force is applied:
 Tensile Stress: Created when a material is stretched by an external
force.
 Compressive Stress: Occurs when a material is compressed or
pushed together.
 Shear Stress: Arises when layers within a material slide past each
other under a force.
 Strain is the deformation or displacement a material undergoes in response
to an applied force, represented as a ratio of the change in dimension to the
original dimension. Types of strain include:

 Tensile Strain: Results from stretching or elongation.

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  Compressive Strain: Occurs due to compression or reduction in
length.
 Shear Strain: Caused by a force that leads to a sliding deformation
between layers.
Understanding these types of stress and strain is critical for predicting material
behavior and ensuring structural integrity in various applications.

2.3 Mechanical Properties of Materials

The mechanical properties of materials determine their suitability for different
applications, as they indicate how materials respond to forces and environmental
conditions. Key mechanical properties include:
 Elasticity: The ability of a material to return to its original shape after the
force is removed. This property is quantified by the material’s modulus of
elasticity, which measures its resistance to deformation.
 Plasticity: The property that enables a material to undergo permanent
deformation without breaking. Plasticity is crucial in applications
requiring materials that can be molded or shaped under stress.
 Ductility: The extent to which a material can be stretched or deformed
without breaking, important for materials used in wire and cable
manufacturing.
 Brittleness: Opposite of ductility, brittleness refers to a material’s tendency
to fracture or break under stress with little or no deformation. Glass and
ceramics, for example, are brittle materials.
 Hardness: A measure of a material’s resistance to deformation, typically
through indentation or scratching. Hard materials are often used for wear-
resistant applications.
These mechanical properties guide engineers in selecting suitable materials for
specific applications, ensuring that structures and products perform reliably under
anticipated conditions.

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 CHAPTER III: STRENGTH ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS STRUCTURES

3.1 Tension and Compression in Rods

Tension and compression are fundamental forces that impact structural elements
like rods, bars, and columns. Tension occurs when forces act to pull a material
apart, elongating it, while compression occurs when forces push inward,
shortening it. In structural applications, it is critical to calculate how much
tension or compression a rod can handle without failure. This requires
understanding the material's tensile strength (the maximum stress it can withstand
when stretched) and compressive strength (the maximum stress it can bear when
compressed). Tension and compression analysis helps engineers design safe and
efficient structures by ensuring the materials selected can resist anticipated
forces.
Tension and compression are fundamental forces affecting rods, bars, and
columns in structural applications. Tensile stress (σ) can be calculated using:
F
σ=
A
where:
 σ = stress (Pa or N/m²),
 F = applied force (N),
 A = cross-sectional area of the rod (m²).

3.2 Bending in Beams

Bending is a type of deformation that occurs when a force is applied
perpendicular to the length of a beam. This force causes one side of the beam to
undergo compression while the opposite side experiences tension. Bending is
common in beams used in construction, such as in floors, bridges, and support
structures. Beam bending theory includes formulas for calculating bending stress,
shear stress, and deflection. The bending moment – the internal force that causes
bending – is a crucial factor in assessing how much load a beam can carry. Proper
analysis ensures that beams are designed to handle loads safely without excessive
bending or breaking.

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3.3 Torsion in Shafts
Torsion is a twisting force that occurs in shafts and cylindrical structures when a
torque is applied. Common in applications like drive shafts, axles, and screws,
torsion causes a rotational deformation where one end of the shaft twists relative
to the other. Torsion analysis involves calculating the torsional stress and angle of
twist to ensure the material can withstand the applied torque without exceeding
its shear strength. Understanding torsional properties is vital for designing
mechanical components that endure rotational forces, preventing material failure
and maintaining operational safety.

3.4 Combined Stresses and Analysis

In real-world applications, materials often experience combined stresses where
multiple types of forces act simultaneously. For instance, a beam may experience
both bending and torsional forces, or a column may undergo both compression
and bending. Analyzing combined stresses involves calculating each type of
stress and determining the resultant effect on the material. Engineers use
principles like superposition and Mohr’s circle for stress analysis to evaluate
combined loading scenarios, ensuring that structures are designed to withstand
complex forces without failure.

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 CHAPTER IV: CALCULATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

4.1 Methods for Calculating Stress and Strain

Accurate calculations of stress and strain are essential for designing safe
structures. These calculations allow engineers to assess whether materials can
withstand applied loads without deformation or failure. Two primary methods
include:
 Direct Calculation Using Formulas: For basic structures like rods, beams,
and shafts, engineers use the formulas for tensile stress, bending stress,
and torsional stress, as discussed in previous sections.
 Finite Element Analysis (FEA): For complex structures, FEA is a
numerical method that divides a structure into small elements. By applying
loads to each element and calculating resulting stresses and deformations,
engineers can predict how a complex structure will respond under different
conditions. FEA is essential for components with irregular shapes or
multiple force types, like automotive parts or building facades.

4.2 Applied Exercises

Exercise 1:

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 Solution:
Σ Fx=0=¿ X A =0

Σ F y =0

¿>Y A−350−150 ×5 , 8=0

¿>Y A=1220 (KN )

Σ M A =0

¿> M A + 350× 8−870 ×3 , 1=0

¿> M A =103(KN . m)

Pa 1220
σ a= ¿
A a π ( 0 , 22−0 ,152 )
2
¿ 22190 , 75( KN / m )

Exercise 2:

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 Solution:

Σ Fx=0=¿ X A −6 sin 30 °=0=¿ X A =3(KN )

Σ F y =0=¿ Y A −8−6 cos 30 °=0=¿ Y A =13 , 19(KN )

PA 13 ,19 2
σ A= ¿ =527 ,6 (KN /m )
A A 0 ,1 × 0 ,25
3 2
¿ =120 ( KN /m )
0 ,1 × 0 ,25
Σ Fx=0=¿ X B−6 sin 30 °=0=¿ X B=3 (KN )

Σ M B =0=¿ M B −6 sin 30° ×2 , 9=8 ,7=¿ M B =8 , 7 (KN . m)

X X X

Σ F y =0=¿ Y B−3−8−6 cos 30 °=0 ¿>Y B=16 ,19( KN )

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Σ M B =0 ¿> M B +3 ×1 ,5+ 8 ×0 , 4−6 cos 30° ×0 , 4=0
Y Y

¿> M B =5 , 62(KN .m)

Y

Exercise 3:

Solution:
Σ Fx=0=¿ X C =0

Σ F y =0=¿ Y C −300=0 ¿>Y C =300 ( lb )

PC 300 2
σ C= ¿ 2
=381 , 97(lb/ ft )
A C π × 0 ,5

Σ Fx=0=¿ X E=0

Σ F y =0=¿ Y E−300=0 ¿>Y E =300(lb)

Σ M E=0 ¿> M E−300 × 13=0

¿> M E=3900 (lb × ft )

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4.3 Applications in Design and Construction
Strength of materials principles is crucial in various industries:
 Civil Engineering: Ensures that buildings, bridges, and roads are designed
to bear expected loads, preventing structural failures.
 Mechanical Engineering: Applies to components like gears, engines, and
support frames that must resist forces during operation.
 Aerospace and Automotive Engineering: Requires materials that can
withstand high levels of stress, strain, and temperature changes, especially
in structural components exposed to dynamic forces.
By integrating these calculations and material properties, engineers optimize
safety, cost-efficiency, and performance in designs, ultimately contributing to
reliable and sustainable construction and manufacturing practices.

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 CHAPTER V: EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATIONS USING
SOLIDWORKS

5.1 Purpose of the Experiments and Simulations

The objective of this section is to validate theoretical calculations through
experiments and simulations, using SolidWorks as a primary tool for modeling
and analyzing material strength under various load conditions. Simulations in
SolidWorks allow for a detailed visualization of stress distribution, deformation,
and other mechanical responses, providing valuable insights into how materials
behave under real-world scenarios.

5.2 Overview of SolidWorks

SolidWorks is a powerful 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAE (Computer-
Aided Engineering) software widely used in engineering and design fields. It
provides robust tools for creating detailed 3D models, running simulations, and
analyzing structural performance under various conditions. The software’s user-
friendly interface, combined with its extensive range of features, allows engineers to
model complex structures and assess their behavior in real-world scenarios. By using
SolidWorks for simulations, users can visualize stress, strain, and deformation,
enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the design process.

5.3 Basic Commands for 3D Modeling in SolidWorks

To create 3D models in SolidWorks, users rely on several foundational commands:
 Sketch: This command is the starting point for most 3D designs. It allows
users to draw 2D shapes on specified planes, defining the initial geometry for
extrusion or rotation.
 Extrude: The Extrude command extends a 2D sketch into the third dimension,
creating a solid or surface model. It’s commonly used for building the base
shapes of rods, beams, and other structural elements.
 Revolve: This command generates 3D shapes by rotating a 2D sketch around
an axis. It’s especially useful for creating cylindrical shapes like shafts.

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  Fillet and Chamfer: These commands smooth out edges by adding rounded
(Fillet) or beveled (Chamfer) features to the model. They help reduce stress
concentrations at corners, which is important in strength analysis.
 Assembly: SolidWorks allows users to combine multiple parts into an
assembly. This feature is beneficial when simulating how different
components interact under load.

5.4 Essential Commands for Material Strength Simulation

In the SolidWorks Simulation module, users have access to a set of tools and
commands specifically for analyzing the strength of materials:
 Apply Fixtures: This command is used to constrain the model in specific areas,
simulating conditions like fixed supports or rollers. These constraints mimic
real-world conditions, such as a beam fixed at one end.
 Apply Loads: Users can apply various types of loads (force, pressure, torque)
to test how the model behaves under different stress scenarios.
 Mesh: This command divides the model into smaller elements, forming a mesh
that allows for detailed analysis of stress and strain. Adjusting mesh density
can improve accuracy but may increase processing time.
 Run Simulation: Once fixtures, loads, and mesh settings are in place, the
simulation is executed to calculate stress, deformation, and safety factors.
SolidWorks generates visual results, displaying stress distributions and
deformation magnitudes across the model.
 Results Analysis: After running the simulation, users can access tools to
analyze results, such as Stress Plot (showing areas of high stress) and
Deformation Plot (indicating how the model deforms under load).
By mastering these commands, users can effectively use SolidWorks to create
models, apply realistic constraints, and simulate material behavior under various load
conditions, contributing to more accurate and safe design practices.

5.5 Procedures for Strength of Materials Experiments using SolidWorks

5.5.1 Mini-Chair
5.5.2 Teapot
5.6 Analysis and Evaluation of Experimental Results
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Simulation results from SolidWorks allow for a deeper understanding of material
behavior:
 Stress Distribution Visualization: SolidWorks color maps indicate stress
concentrations, helping to identify potential failure points within the material.
 Deformation Patterns: The simulation shows how materials deform under
various loads, allowing for real-time adjustments in design to improve
structural integrity.
 Comparison with Theoretical Calculations: By comparing simulation data with
previously calculated values, the accuracy of the theoretical models is
validated, and any significant variations are analyzed for better modeling
practices.
These simulations provide a practical foundation for understanding material strength,
enabling more efficient and reliable design decisions. By using SolidWorks,
engineers can experiment with various materials, shapes, and load conditions,
enhancing design safety and efficiency.

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 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION

The study of material strength is fundamental to engineering and design, providing

essential insights into how materials behave under various loads and conditions. By
applying theoretical calculations alongside practical simulations using SolidWorks,
this report highlights the importance of accurate modeling and analysis in ensuring
the safety and performance of structural components.

The experiments conducted demonstrate the correlation between theoretical

predictions and simulated outcomes, reinforcing the necessity of robust design
processes in engineering applications. The use of SolidWorks has proven invaluable
in visualizing stress distributions, identifying failure points, and analyzing
deformation patterns, thereby facilitating more informed decision-making during the
design phase.

In summary, the integration of theoretical analysis with advanced simulation tools

like SolidWorks enhances our understanding of material strength, contributing to the
development of safer and more reliable engineering solutions.

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 REFERENCES

1. Lê Hồng Hiệu (2022). Giáo trình Sức bền vật liệu. Trường Đại học HUTECH.
2. Trường Đại học HUTECH (2023). Tài liệu Học tập và Hướng dẫn sử dụng
SolidWorks. Trường Đại học HUTECH.
3. Nguyễn Văn A (2020). "Phân Tích Sức Bền Vật Liệu Trên SolidWorks." Tạp chí
Khoa học Công nghệ, 45(3), 56-62.
4. Thư viện Trường Đại học HUTECH. (n.d.). http://thuvien.hutech.edu.vn
5. Callister, W. D. (2018). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. 10th
Edition. Wiley.
6. Shigley, J. E., & Mischke, C. R. (2016). Mechanical Engineering Design. 10th
Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
7. SolidWorks Corporation. (2021). SolidWorks Simulation Guide.

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