14 TYPES OF NATIONALISM AND ITS DEFINITION

1. Civic Nationalism
- is a relatively liberal form of nationalism in which the nation is defined by its shared values
and commitment to civic democracy rather than its bloodlines or ethnicity. Civic nationalists
instead argued that all citizens, regardless of their ancestry, could belong to the nation if they
shared its values and traditions.
2. Cultural Nationalism
- is a form of nationalism in which the nation is defined by a shared culture rather than by ethnic
heritage. Typically, cultural nationalists seek to promote and preserve the culture of their nation,
often through the promotion of traditional values and the arts. In some cases, cultural
nationalists also seek to promote a sense of national identity by fostering pride in the nation’s
history and achievement.
3. Economic Nationalism
- is a school of thought that favors the protection of a nation’s economy over globalization.
Proponents of economic nationalism believe that a country should focus on producing the goods
and services that it needs domestically, rather than importing them from other countries. This
can help the country to be more self-sufficient during wartimes or other times of disruption. It is
a defensive form of nationalism designed to protect the nation-state rather than a belief in your
own country’s superiority per se.

4. Ethnic Nationalism

- is the most overtly racist of all forms of nationalism. It is the belief that a nation should be
ethnically homologous. The underlying belief in ethnic nationalism is that a single ethnicity is
superior to other ethnicities, that ethnic groups cannot live together peacefully, and that a nation
will be at its greatest when it is composed of just one ethnic group. This type of nationalism
often leads to conflict between different ethnic groups.

5. Expansionist Nationalism

- Expansionist nationalism holds that a nation should expand its territory by force. It advocates
for annexing neighboring countries and settling its people on that land through the process of
colonization. The most notable advocate of expansionist nationalism was 19th-century German
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who used it as a means to unify the German-speaking states.

6. Linguistic Nationalism

- Linguistic nationalism is the idea that a nation should be defined by a common language. This
is in contrast to other forms of nationalism, which may place more emphasis on a shared culture
or ethnicity. Language nationalists often argue that a shared language is necessary for social
cohesion and communication and that it is an important part of a nation’s identity.

7. Left-Wing Nationalism

- tends to hold that left-wing and socialist ideals are necessary in order to preserve a nation’s
unique identity from the imperialist and capitalist ambitions of other nations. Left-wing
nationalists also typically argue that the working class must lead the way in this struggle. In
many cases, left-wing nationalists have been allied with Marxist parties and movements.
8. Liberal Nationalism

- holds that a nation-state should preserve western values including liberalism and democracy
within its borders, often by enacting illiberal policies to achieve this goal. Liberal nationalists in
the francophone world, for example, have enacted laws that restrict people’s rights to wear
religious outfits in public spaces. Liberal nationalists also tend to support a limited role for
government in the economy, believing that the free market is the best way to promote economic
growth and development.

9. Liberation Nationalism

-Liberation nationalism is a political ideology that emerged in the mid-20th century in response
to the decolonization process. Liberation nationalists argue that each nation has the right to self-
determination and should be free from the control of foreign powers. The goal of liberation
nationalists is to achieve independence for their country and to create a sovereign state. In
many cases, liberation nationalists have also sought to promote independent economic and
social development within their countries.

10. National Conservatism

- believes in preserving traditional values and institutions such as the family, religion, and the
nation-state. They also tend to support a strong military and an aggressive foreign policy. This
type of nationalism is highly skeptical of change and wants to preserve the traditional culture of
a society. However, advocates of national conservatism argue that its emphasis on the
preservation of traditional values can help protect traditional values that may protect their
families and children.

11. National Socialism

- National socialism, often shortened to Nazism, is a political ideology that rose to prominence in
Germany during the early twentieth century. It is an extreme form of nationalism that holds the
belief that the Aryan race is superior to all other races and that the Aryan people are destined to
rule the world. National socialists also have a strong commitment to racial purity and, in
Germany, sought to create a purely Aryan society through policies such as eugenics and anti-
Semitism. While it has the term ‘socialism’ in its name, national socialism tends not to embrace
socialist policies.

12. Pan-Nationalism

- is a type of nationalism that transcends national boundaries to envision nations based on

ethnic background. It aims to undermine and re-draw the boundaries of nations. This type of
nationalism is particularly popular in colonized nations where superimposed boundaries were
drawn against the will of local ethnic groups.

13. Religious Nationalism

- is the idea that a nation should be defined and unified by a shared religion. Religious
nationalists may promote government policies that actively support the dominant religion and
promote the conversion of members of other religions (or ask them to leave the country). They
also often see their country as being under attack by people of other religions, and they view
religious diversity immigration as a threat to their way of life.

14. Romantic Nationalism

- Romantic nationalism advocated the return of a nation to an imagined past when the nation
was supposedly more idealistic than it is today. It also often takes the form of an emotional
attachment to iconic symbols, such as historic buildings or traditional dress. Romantic
nationalists often seek to promote their own culture, language, and values, while downplaying
the importance of other cultures.
 KINDS OF PATRIOTISM AND ITS DEFINITION

1. Constitutional Patriotism

-This is a form of patriotism where individuals show love for their country by upholding,
respecting, and following its constitution and laws.

2. Ethnocentric Patriotism

-This form of patriotism is based on ethnic or racial identity. People who practice this form of
patriotism believe in the superiority of their race or ethnicity.

3. Cultural Patriotism

- This is a form of patriotism where individuals show love for their country by appreciating and
preserving its culture, traditions, and language.

4. Liberal Patriotism

- This form of patriotism values individual rights, freedom, and equality. People who practice
liberal patriotism believe in the principles of democracy and human rights.

5. Nationalist Patriotism

-This form of patriotism is characterized by the belief in the superiority of one's nation over
others. It often involves a strong sense of national pride and loyalty.

6. Revolutionary Patriotism

-This is a form of patriotism where individuals are willing to revolt against the existing
government for the betterment of their country.