TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT MAR & MOR ENGINEERING SERVICES, 108 OPEBI ROAD LAGOS STATE
BY
OLATIGBE MICHAEL AKOREDE
0903
SUBMITTED TO
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINNERING
BAMIDELE OLUMILUA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
IKERE EKITI, EKITI STATE.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc)

DECEMBER, 2025

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 DEDICATION
I Dedicated this report writing to God Almighty the owner and finisher of our faith, who has make it
possible to be alive today and also help throughout my Six Month Training May your name be praised
forevermore Amen. I also dedicated this to my lovable parent Mr. and Mrs. OLATIGBE for your prayers
and also to my Colleagues for their word of enlightenment, God bless you guys. And also to my industrial
based supervisor Engr. ADENIYI I really appreciate your effort Sir, I pray God will continue to bless your
home in Jesus name Amen.

2
 CERTIFICATION
I Certify that OLATIGBE MICHAEL AKOREDE wrote this technical report and it covers all he did at

MAR & MOR Engineering Services, 108 Opebi Road Lagos State. during his Six (6) months Industrial

Training.

………………………………………..
SUPERVISOR
(ENGR. OLALUYI)

………………………………………..
(HOD)
Dr. MOSES

…………………………………………….
ENGR. O.J. OLALUYI
Acting Director, SIWES

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks to my parents Mr./Mrs. OLATIGBE for their financial Support

& Unconditional love during my Training. Thanks to my Seniors at work who serves as a guiding shield

for me during my training Vincent, Mr. Aluko, Mr. Abdul. I really appreciate you guys being there for

me it means a lot to me Thank you and am going to miss you guys Special Thanks to my mentor ENGR.

ADENIYI for his time and efforts he provided throughout the months. Your useful advice and

suggestions were really helpful to me during the project's completion. In this aspect, I am eternally

grateful to you.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Dedication -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Certification ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
Acknowledgement----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Table of content---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-6

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.0. Purpose and objectives of industrial training-----------------------------------------------------------------7
1.1. Impact of industrial training on career development--------------------------------------------------------7
1.2. Purpose of the report-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Historical background of the company-------------------------------------------------------------------------8
2.1 Historical context of the company's founding (formation date and what led to the formation of the
company, objectives, and purposes) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
2.2. Overview of the organizational structure of the company--------------------------------------------------9
2.3. Key figures in the company's development (what are the things contributing to the development of
the company) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.4. Key milestones and achievements of the company---------------------------------------------------------10
2.5. Achievement of the company----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Operations of the company--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.1 Overview of the company operations--------------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.3 Description of core business activities------------------------------------------------------------------------12

3.4 Challenges in Operational Management----------------------------------------------------------------------13

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CHAPTER FOUR
Experience acquired during industrial training-------------------------------------------------------------------14
4.1. Technical skills and knowledge gained----------------------------------------------------------------------14
4.2. 1st skill: Fire Alarm Installation --------------------------------------------------------------------------14-19
4.3. 2nd skill: Installation of The Traffic Signal Pole ----------------------------------------------------------20
4.4. 3rd skill: Fire Fighting Engine ---------------------------------------------------------------------------20-28
4.5. Technical skills developed-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
4.6. challenges faced and solutions implemented----------------------------------------------------------------29

CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and Recommendation
5.0. Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
5.1. Recommendation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
5.2. Summary of key findings---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
5.3. Recommendations for future students and the company---------------------------------------------------31
5.4. References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0. Purpose and Objectives of Industrial Training

The Student Industrial Work Experience scheme (SIWES), also known as Industrial Training is a
compulsory skill training programme designed to expose and prepare students of Nigeria Universities,
Polytechnics, college of Education, College of Agriculture and College of Technology, for the industrial
work situation they are likely to meet after graduation.
SIWES introduction, initiation and design was done by the Industrial Training Fund in 1993 to
acquaint students with the skills of handling employer’s equipment and machinery.
The Industrial Training Fund solely funded the scheme during its formative years. However, due
to financial constraints, the fund withdrew the scheme in 1978.

1.1. Impact of Industrial Training On Career Development

Industrial training can have a significant impact on career development by helping students gain
practical experience, develop soft skills, and establish professional connections:
 Practical experience: Students can apply their theoretical knowledge in a real-world setting, and
learn about new technologies and techniques.
 Soft skills: Students can develop skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, which
are valuable in the workplace.
 Professional connections: Students can build relationships with professionals in their field, which
can lead to future employment opportunities.
 Career exploration: Students can explore different career paths within their chosen industry, and
make informed decisions about their career path.
 Academic performance: Industrial training can improve students' classroom learning and academic
performance.

1.2. Purpose of The Report

The purpose of an IT report is to help with decision-making and problem-solving. IT reports are
often more action-oriented than essays and are commonly required in the workplace and in the faculty of
Information Technology.

Here are some other purposes of IT reports:

 Communicate findings: IT reports can communicate the results of a project to a wide audience.

 Gather data: IT reports can be used to gather data and maintain a record for future projects.

 Provide evidence: IT reports can act as evidence of work and its results.

 Get input: IT reports can be used to get input and analysis from other experts.
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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Historical Background of the Company

The Company have come a long way from their humble beginning in 2009, with new in-house skills,
knowledge, and experience and a reputation built on the delivery of several ground-breaking projects.
MAR&MOR continues to grow. With a strong reputation for delivering quality.

2.1 Historical Context of the Company's Founding (Formation date and what led to the
formation of the company, objectives, and purposes)

What led to the formation of the company? The company is formed to supply products or services
to consumers, produce money for its owners or shareholders, and provide employment opportunities
to workers.

The company's purpose is its ultimate goal, while its objectives are the actionable steps to achieve that
goal. The objectives are more flexible and adaptable than a purpose, which is rigid and inflexible.

the common objectives for the company include:

 Profitability: A common goal for businesses, as profits cover costs and allow a company to grow
 Customer satisfaction: The business set objectives to improve customer service and research and
development
 Employee satisfaction: The business set objectives to improve employee satisfaction and reduce
turnover
 Market share: The business set objectives to increase its market share
 Community engagement: The business set objectives to engage more with the community
 Product reliability: The business set objectives to improve the reliability of its products.

Other objectives for the company include:

 Growth and expansion
 Social responsibility and sustainability
 Time efficiency
 Organizational growth
 Defining the brand's voice and message
 Increasing company value
 Enhancing quality
 Becoming a thought-leader
Not all businesses seek profit or growth. Some organizations have alternative objectives, such as ethical
and socially responsible objectives.

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2.2. Overview of the Organizational Structure of the Company

Centralized organizational structure is being used in the company. Employees want to understand
their job responsibilities, whom they report to, what decisions they can and should make and how they
interact with other people and teams within the company.

2.3. Key Figures in The Company's Development (What Are The Things Contributing To
the Development of the Company)
Here are some things that contribute to the company's development:

 Leadership
Effective managers help companies succeed financially and keep employees motivated. They do
this by treating employees like adults, encouraging them to make decisions, and asking for
feedback.

 Communication
Communication is the important factor in the company's success. It involves the transfer of
information between employees and the means by which that communication is made possible.

 Collaboration
Working with others from different backgrounds to achieve a common goal inspire more
productivity than working alone.

 Mentoring
Training talented leaders to guide the business toward its objectives help ensure that the
company always has outstanding leaders.
 Organizational skills
The ability to develop systems and procedures that keep things running smoothly is a crucial
element of successful management.
 Active listening
Active listening is vital for innovation. It involves looking at matters from someone else's
viewpoint and welcoming different ideas.
 Feedback
Feedback allows organizations to understand their strengths and weaknesses, enabling them to
optimize their processes and make informed decisions.
 Technology development
Technology development create new value for customers by enabling them to do things they
could not do before

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2.4. Key Milestones and Achievements of the Company

 Financial milestones
Breaking even within the first year, securing funding, hitting revenue or net income targets,
and reducing operating costs

 Product development milestones

Determining product specifications, completing and approving product design and prototype,
securing intellectual property rights, and determining manufacturing processes

 Sales and marketing milestones

Designing a marketing plan, establishing a sales team, expanding market reach, and achieving
a target market share percentage

2.5. Achievement of the Company

1. The company Send a personalized note or email congratulating the partner on their achievement.

2. The company Host a celebratory lunch or dinner to mark a occasion.

3. The company Create a custom gift or award to commemorate an achievement.

4. The company Share a success with their network, such as on social media or in a newsletter.

5. The company Offer a bonus or other incentive to reward a hard work and dedication of a partner.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Operations of The Company

These operations include:

 Production: Creating goods or services that meet customer demands

 Marketing and sales: Identifying customer needs and promoting and selling the product or
service
 Procurement: Ensuring that raw materials are available
 Logistics: Managing the supply chain to reduce costs and delivery times
 Customer service: Providing customer support
 Human resources management: Managing the company's workforce

3.1 Overview of the Company Operations

Some key aspects of the company's operations include:

 Production: The process of developing a final good or service
 Procurement: The process of obtaining the necessary resources, such as raw materials
 Quality assurance: The process of ensuring the quality of the final product or service
 Customer service: The process of providing support to customers
 Sales: The process of generating revenue by selling products or services
 Advertising and marketing: The process of promoting products or services

3.2 Key Operational Strategies

 Supply chain management
Involves managing the flow of information, materials, and finances from sourcing raw materials
to delivering the final product to customers.
 Quality management
Helps companies deliver a superior customer experience by ensuring their products meet the
highest quality standards.
 Resource management
Helps minimize organizational cost, maximize project results, and improve project control.
 Continuous improvement
Involves fostering a culture that encourages employees to actively seek opportunities for
development.

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  Risk management
A critical strategic and operational priority, especially in volatile competitive landscapes.
 Business analytics
Helps businesses identify operational threats and provides solutions to tackle them.
 Strategic management
Provides the guidance needed to accomplish a company's mission and vision.
 Facility management
Helps prevent property damage and avoid employee exposure to health risks.

3.3 Description of Core Business Activities

Core business activities are the tasks that a business needs to complete to operate successfully. These
activities are usually the main source of a company's profits and success. Some examples of the
company core business activities include:

 Sales
A core function that generates revenue through the sale of products or services

 New product development

A core activity that includes concept design and the development of new products to launch in
the market

 Marketing
A core business function that involves activities to promote products or services

 Operations
Activities and processes that transform inputs into outputs, such as products or services sold to
customers.

Other business activities include:

 Taking inventory
 Preparing orders
 Communicating with clients
 Change management, a systematic approach to dealing with change within an organization

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3.4 Challenges in Operational Management
Operations management face many challenges, including:

 Sustainability
Climate change and corporate social responsibility are key issues in operational transformation.

 Talent development
In a competitive market, it was challenging to develop and retain talent. This requires a
strategic approach to talent management, including recruitment, training, and career
development.

 Technology
Technological advances can quickly make established operational procedures
obsolete. Investing in new technology can help an organization gain an operational edge.

 Compliance
Each industry, region, and facility has unique regulations and requirements. Failure to comply
can result in shutdowns, fines, and even incarceration.

 Customer satisfaction
Guaranteeing customer satisfaction is a challenge that must be continuously
monitored. Handling returns, investigating complaints, and responding to concerns are all
important for customer approval.

 Personalizing customer experience

Personalizing the customer experience can be time-consuming, laborious, and expensive.

 Other challenges in operations management include:

Labor shortages, Logistics delays, Long lead times, Equipment downtime, Space shortages,
Safety management, Ineffective communication, and Quality control

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. Experience Acquired During Industrial Training

Industrial training can help students gain a variety of experiences that prepare them for the
workplace, including:

 Practical skills
I learn hands-on skills that are needed in the workplace.

 Industry exposure
Students are exposed to the latest technologies, methodologies, and best practices in the industry.

 Real-world experience
Students gain a first-hand understanding of industry operations by immersing themselves in a
real work environment.

 Professional work methods

Students learn about professional work methods and how to safeguard workers and work areas.

 Exposure to equipment
Students are exposed to machines and equipment that may not be available in educational
institutions.

 Applying theoretical knowledge

Students learn how to apply theoretical knowledge to real industrial routine operations.
Industrial training can also help students develop soft skills, confidence, a sense of responsibility, and
networking skills.

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4.1. Technical Skills and Knowledge Gained

Here are some examples of technical skills and knowledge gained:

4.2. 1ST SKILL: FIRE ALARM INSTALLATION

Fire alarms are more than just devices; they are silent guardians. Every year, they save countless
lives by alerting people to the danger of fires.

But not every fire alarm is created equal, and knowing how to choose and install the right one is
crucial. It’s not just about meeting commercial fire alarm system requirements; it’s about ensuring the
safety and protection of your space.

This guide will empower you with the knowledge to make informed decisions about fire alarm
installation.

HOW TO INSTALL A FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

FIRE ALARM BOX

1. Choose the Right Fire Alarm System

Regarding fire/smoke alarms, one size does not fit all. The right choice depends on several
factors, including the size and layout of your building. Here’s a breakdown:

 Wireless vs. Hard-Wired: Wireless systems offer easier installation and flexibility, making them
suitable for spaces where wiring is challenging. On the other hand, hard-wired systems are more
reliable as they don’t rely on batteries.
 Addressable vs. Conventional: Addressable systems are ideal in larger buildings or commercial
fire alarm systems. They pinpoint the exact location of the alarm, saving precious time in an
emergency. Conventional systems, suitable for smaller buildings, trigger a general alarm without
specific location details.
 Consider Your Space: The layout of your building plays a crucial role. You might need a more
sophisticated system in a large, multi-level building. For smaller spaces, simplicity might be
critical.

Remember, it’s not just about installing smoke alarms; it’s about installing the right ones. Always follow
the manufacturer’s instructions, whether you opt for smart detectors with a test button, systems that
connect to the fire department, or basic smoke detectors. See commercial smoke detector guide here.

Don’t forget to place them in every sleeping area basement, according to National Fire Protection
Association guidelines.

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 2. Know Where to Install

Strategic placement of fire/smoke alarms is essential for maximizing safety. Following the
guidelines of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), installing smoke alarms on each
floor of your house or commercial building is recommended.

It includes every stairway, as smoke rises, and stairways can act as chimneys in the event of a fire.
Critical areas like hallways and offices should not be overlooked.

Place smoke detectors in the center of the ceiling whenever possible, or at least 12 inches away from
walls. If wall-mounted, they should be installed high on the wall but not touching the ceiling, as smoke
rises and accumulates at the highest point.

3. Plan the Fire Alarm System

Planning your fire/smoke alarm system starts with a comprehensive Fire Risk Assessment. This
document should outline every aspect of your system, from the number and initiating devices
like smoke detectors and first alert systems to their power sources.

It’s crucial to consider the layout of your building, ensuring that every room has adequate smoke
detector installation.

This plan will serve as a blueprint to guide the installation process and ensure compliance with
all relevant safety regulations.

4. Get Proper Certification

After installing your smoke alarm or commercial fire/smoke alarm system, obtaining proper
certification is crucial.

This certification confirms that your system meets all the necessary fire safety standards and regulations.
It typically involves an inspection by a certified professional to check that each smoke detector and
alarm is correctly installed and functioning.

They will also verify that the fire system as a whole is designed appropriately for the building and its
specific fire risks.

This certification ensures compliance and gives peace of mind that your fire/smoke alarm system will
function as needed in an emergency.

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Conventional vs Automatic Fire Alarm Systems

fire alarm on a wall

 Conventional fire alarm systems are more traditional and generally more straightforward in
design. They divide a building into zones, and when a fire is detected, the alarm sounds for the
entire zone, but without specifying the exact location.
 It is often more cost-effective for smaller premises. Automatic systems, on the other hand, are
more sophisticated. They use advanced technology to detect fires and automatically inform the
fire department or initiate fire suppression systems.
 Ideal for larger buildings, they provide faster, more specific responses to fires, crucial in high-
risk areas.

One-Stage vs Two-Stage Systems

One-stage fire/smoke alarm systems are straightforward: when a fire is detected, the alarm
immediately sounds throughout the entire building. This system is standard in smaller buildings or
places where quick evacuation is essential.

Two-stage systems, in contrast, are designed to minimize disruptions and false alarms. The initial
alarm might only sound in a specific area or be a pre-alert to designated personnel. If the threat escalates
or is confirmed, the second-stage alarm activates, signaling everyone to evacuate.

The staged approach benefits large, complex facilities where controlled evacuation is necessary.

Wireless vs Hard Wired Smoke Alarm Systems

connecting smoke detector to fire alarm system

Choosing between wireless and hard-wired smoke alarm systems depends on several factors. Wireless
systems are easier to install, especially in existing buildings, as they don’t require extensive wiring.
They’re also flexible, allowing easy addition of extra devices.

However, they rely on batteries as their power source, which need regular checks and replacements. On
the other hand, hard-wired systems are generally more reliable since they’re connected to the building’s
power source with a battery backup.

They’re ideal for new constructions or renovations where wiring can be easily integrated. Each system
has unique advantages, and the choice should align with the building’s needs and fire alarm installation
requirements.

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Understanding Fire Alarm System Components

A fire/smoke alarm system comprises several key components, each crucial in ensuring safety. The
control panel acts as the system’s brain, monitoring and managing responses to potential fire situations.

 Pull stations provide a manual option to trigger the alarm, which is crucial in early detection.
 Annunciators display the system’s status, giving clear, immediate information on the alarm’s
location and nature.
 Lastly, cameras integrated into advanced systems enhance detection accuracy and help assess the
situation. Understanding these components is essential for effective fire alarm installation and
maintenance.

Fire Alarm Panel

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FAQs
Do You Need an Electrician to Install A Fire Alarm?
Yes, it’s generally recommended to have a qualified electrician or a professional fire alarm installer
handle your smoke detector installation. It ensures the system is installed correctly, adhering to safety
standards and local regulations. Professional installation is essential for hard-wired smoke alarms, which
require integration with your home’s electrical system.

What is a fire alarm system installed for?

A fire/smoke alarm system is installed to detect and alert occupants of a building to the presence of a
fire, allowing for timely evacuation and emergency response. It minimizes property damage, reduces the
risk of smoke inhalation, and ultimately saves lives. Regularly installed smoke alarms in key areas like
basements and rooms significantly enhance safety.

Where should fire alarms be placed?

Fire/smoke alarms should be strategically placed to ensure maximum coverage and early detection.
Install smoke alarms in every bedroom, outside each sleeping area, and on every level of the home,
including the basement. Following the manufacturer’s instructions and local fire codes is essential to
determine the best locations in your specific building.

What is the most important part of a fire alarm system?

While each fire/smoke alarm system component is important, the most crucial part is arguably the
smoke alarm. This device is responsible for the early detection of smoke and initiating the alarm sound,
which is vital for prompt evacuation and response. Proper smoke detector installation and regular fire
alarm maintenance, such as testing and battery replacement, are key to ensuring its functionality.

In Summary
Understanding the nuances of fire alarm systems – from choosing the right type to ensuring proper
installation and compliance – is essential for safeguarding your premises against fire risks.
Whether it’s a commercial property or a residential space, the right fire protection strategy can mean the
difference between safety and catastrophe.

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4.3. 2ND SKILL: INSTALLATION OF THE TRAFFIC SIGNAL POLE
Everybody has seen the traffic signal pole, because the traffic on the road is more and more
dependent on it, and its installation problem has also caught more and more people’s attention. If there is
something wrong with the installation and the traffic signal pole falls, it will be a very troublesome
thing. Therefore, I’m going to tell you a little bit about how to install the traffic signal pole.
1) Design the installation drawing before installation;
The installation of the traffic signal pole should be guided according to the installation drawing.
This is also an essential step because it can reduce many false conducts in installation.
2) Select installation location;
After selecting a good installation location, the chosen ground can be excavated. The size should
be moderate. After excavation, the ground can be tamped according to specific conditions.

3) Install the pole body

The most important thing in this step is that the pole body of the traffic signal pole should be
vertical to the ground, and the error should not be more than 0.5% degree. After installation, the
ground resistance should also be tested. In principle, the ground resistance should not be more
than 4 ohms, and the wires generally does not go through the pole body.

4) Pour the reinforced concrete

The standard of the steel reinforcement and cement shall conform to the corresponding national
technical standard. The injection surface shall be flat and the foundation bolt shall be installed
after it is dried.

Traffic Light & Pole

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4.4. 3RD SKILL: FIRE FIGHTING ENGINE
A fire engine or fire truck (also spelled firetruck) is a vehicle, usually a specially-designed or
modified truck, that functions as a firefighting apparatus. The primary purposes of a fire engine
include transporting firefighters and water to an incident as well as carrying equipment for
firefighting operations in a fire drill. Some fire engines have specialized functions, such as wildfire
suppression and aircraft rescue and firefighting, and may also carry equipment for technical rescue.

A Scania P280 fire engine used by the WORKDONE

Humberside Fire and Rescue Service
in Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire,
England

Many fire engines are based on a commercial vehicle chassis that is further upgraded and
customized for firefighting requirements. They are generally considered emergency vehicles
authorized to be equipped with emergency lights and sirens, as well as communication equipment
such as two-way radios and mobile computer technology.

The terms fire engine and fire truck are often used interchangeably to a broad range of vehicles
involved in firefighting; however, in some fire departments they refer to separate and specific types
of vehicle.

Design and construction

Front of a MAN fire engine with built

in winch, e.g. for towing damaged
cars. The shackles serve a similar purpose.
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The design and construction of fire engines focuses greatly on the use of both active and passive
warnings. Passive visual warnings involve the use of high contrast patterns to increase the
noticeability of the vehicle. These types of warnings are often seen on older vehicles and those in
developing countries. More modern designs make use of retroreflectors to reflect light from other
vehicles. Vehicles will also often have these reflectors arranged in a chevron pattern along with the
words fire or rescue. European countries commonly use a pattern known as Battenburg
markings. Along with the passive warnings, are active visual warnings which are usually in the
form of flashing colored lights (also known as "beacons" or "lightbars"). These flash to attract the
attention of other drivers as the fire truck approaches, or to provide warning to drivers approaching
a parked fire truck in a dangerous position on the road. While the fire truck is headed towards the
scene, the lights are always accompanied by loud audible warnings such as sirens and air horns.
Some fire engines in the United States are lime yellow rather than red due to safety and ergonomics
reasons. A 2009 study by the U.S. Fire Administration concluded that fluorescent colors, including
yellow-green and orange, are easiest to spot in daylight.

In some regions, a fire engine may be used to transport first responder firefighters, paramedics or
EMTs to medical emergencies due to their proximity to the incident.

TYPES

Conventional fire engine

An E-One engine used A Scania engine used by the An Ural engine used by the
by the Boston Fire Department. Sodertorn fire services. Russian State.

The standard fire engine transports firefighters to the scene, carries equipment needed by the
firefighters for most firefighting scenarios, and may provide a limited supply of water with which to
fight the fire. The tools carried on the fire engine will vary greatly based on many factors including
the size of the department and the usual situations the firefighters handle. For example,
departments located near large bodies of water or rivers are likely to have some sort of water
rescue equipment. Standard tools found on nearly all fire engines include ladders, hydraulic rescue
tools (often referred to as the jaws of life), floodlights, fire hose, fire extinguishers, self-contained
breathing apparatus, and thermal imaging cameras.
The exact layout of what is carried on an engine is decided by the needs of the department. For
example, fire departments located in metropolitan areas will carry equipment to mitigate hazardous
materials and effect technical rescues, while departments that operate in the wildland-urban
interface will need the gear to deal with brush fires.
Some fire engines have a fixed deluge gun, also known as a master stream, which directs a heavy
stream of water to wherever the operator points it. An additional feature of engines are their
pre-connected hose lines, commonly referred to as pre-connects. The pre-connects are attached to
22
the engine's onboard water supply and allow firefighters to quickly mount an aggressive attack on
the fire as soon as they arrive on scene. When the onboard water supply runs out, the engine is
connected to more permanent sources such as fire hydrants or water tenders and can also use
natural sources such as rivers or reservoirs by drafting water.

Turntable ladder

An Iveco turntable ladder

used by the Romanian
General Inspectorate for
Emergency Situations

A turntable ladder (TL) is an aerial apparatus with a large ladder mounted on a pivot which
resembles a turntable, giving it its name. The key functions of a turntable ladder are allowing access
or egress of firefighters and fire victims at height, providing a high-level water point for firefighting
(elevated master stream), and providing a platform from which tasks such as ventilation or overhaul
can be executed.

To increase its length and reach, the ladder is often telescoping. Modern telescopic ladders may be
hydraulic or pneumatic. These mechanical features allow the use of ladders which are longer,
sturdier, and more stable. They may also have pre-attached hoses or other equipment.
The pivot can be mounted at the rear of the chassis or in the middle, just behind the cab. The latter
is sometimes called a "mid-ship" arrangement, and it allows a lower travel height for the truck.
While the traditional characteristic of a TL was a lack of water pumping or storage, many modern
TLs have a water pumping function built in (and some have their own on-board supply reservoir).
Some may have piping along the ladder to supply water to firefighters at the top of the ladder, and some
of these may also have a monitor installed at the top. Other appliances may simply have a
track-way to securely hold a manually-run hose reel.

In the United States, turntable ladders with additional functions such as an onboard pump, a water tank,
fire hose, aerial ladder and multiple ground ladders, are known as quad or quint engines,
indicating the number of functions they perform.
The highest TL in the world is the Magirus M68L, with a range of 68 meters (223.1 ft).

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Tiller truck

An American LaFrance tiller truck

used by the Los Angeles Fire
Department

In the United States, a tiller truck, also known as a tractor-drawn aerial (TDA), tiller ladder, or
hook-and-ladder truck, is a specialized turntable ladder mounted on a semi-trailer truck. Unlike a
commercial semi, the trailer and tractor are permanently combined and special tools are required to
separate them. It has two drivers, with separate steering wheels for front and rear wheels.
One of the main features of the tiller-truck is its enhanced maneuverability. The independent
steering of the front and back wheels allow the tiller to make much sharper turns, which is
particularly helpful on narrow streets and in apartment complexes with maze-like roads. An
additional feature of the tiller-truck is that its overall length, over 50 feet (15 m) for most models,
allows for additional storage of tools and equipment. The extreme length gives compartment
capacities that range between 500 and 650 cubic feet (14 and 18 m3) in the trailer with an additional
40 and 60 cubic feet (1.1 and 1.7 m3) in the cab.
Some departments elect to use tiller-quints, which are tiller trucks that have the added feature of
being fitted with an on-board water tank. These are particularly useful for smaller departments
that do not have enough personnel to staff both an engine company and a truck company.

Platform truck

An articulating platform truck used by the Roskilde fire brigade

24
A platform truck carries an aerial work platform, also known as a basket or bucket, on the end of a
ladder or boom. These platforms can provide a secure place from which a firefighter can operate.
Many platforms also allow for rescues to be performed and are outfitted with tie down clips and
rappelling arms.
Some booms are capable of articulating, allowing the arm to bend in one or more places. This
allows the platform truck to go "up and over" an obstacle, and is an advantage over the traditional
platform ladder, which can only extend in a straight line.

Water Tender

An Isuzu water tender used by the

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

A water tender is a specialist fire appliance with the primary purpose of transporting large amounts
of water to the fire area to make it available for extinguishing operations. These are especially useful
in rural areas where fire hydrants are not readily available and natural water resources are
insufficient or difficult to exploit.
Most tankers have an on-board pumping system. This pump is often not of sufficient power to fight
fires (as it is designed to be attached to a fire engine), but is more often used to draw water into the
tender from hydrants or other water sources. Many tankers are equipped with fast-drain valves on
the sides and back of the truck. This allows firefighters to empty thousands of gallons of water into
a portable water tank in just a few seconds.
Most water tenders are designed to carry loads of 5,000–12,000 litres (1,100–2,600 imp gal).

History

One of the simplest forms of

hand tub type fire engines,
engraving from the mid 17th century in Germany
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An early device used to squirt water onto a fire was known as a squirt or fire syringe. Hand squirts
and hand pumps are noted before Ctesibius of Alexandria invented the first fire pump around the
2nd century B.C., and an example of a force-pump possibly used for a fire-engine is mentioned by
Heron of Alexandria.

Fire engine invented by Hans Hautsch

In 1650, Hans Hautsch built a fire engine with a compressed air vessel. On each side 14 men
worked a piston rod back and forth in a horizontal direction. The air vessel, a type of pressure tank,
issued an even stream despite the backward motion of the piston. This was made possible by a
rotating pipe mounted on the hose which allowed the jet to reach heights up to 20 m (65.6 ft).
Caspar Schott observed Hautsch's fire engine in 1655 and wrote an account of it in his Magia
Universalis.

Colonial laws in America required each house to have a bucket of water on the front stoop in
preparation for fires at night. These buckets were intended for use by the initial bucket brigade that
would supply the water at fires. Philadelphia obtained a hand-pumped fire engine in 1719, years after
Boston's 1654 model appeared there, made by Joseph Jenckes Sr., but before New York's two
engines arrived from London.

By 1730, Richard Newsham, in London, had made successful fire engines. He also invented those first
used in New York City in 1731 where the amount of manpower and skill necessary for
firefighting prompted Benjamin Franklin to found an organized fire company in 1737. Thomas Lote
built the first fire engine made in America in 1743. These earliest engines are called hand tubs
because they are manually (hand) powered and the water was supplied by a bucket brigade
dumping it into a tub (cistern) where the pump had a permanent intake pipe.

An important advancement around 1822 was the invention of an engine which could draft water
from a water source. This rendered the bucket brigade obsolete. In 1822, a Philadelphia-based
manufacturing company called Sellers and Pennock made a model called "The Hydraulion". It is said
to be the first suction engine. Some models had the hard, suction hose fixed to the intake and
curled up over the apparatus known as a squirrel tail engine.
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 Manually drawn fire pump in service
in Edinburgh in 1824

Horse-drawn fire pump given to

Brockhampton Estate in 1818

The earliest engines were small and were either carried by four men, or mounted on skids and
dragged to a fire. As the engines grew larger they became horse-drawn and later self-propelled by
steam engines.
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Antique Japanese fire pump

Until the mid-19th century, most fire engines were maneuvered by men, but the introduction of
horse-drawn fire engines considerably improved the response time to incidents. The first self
propelled steam pumper fire engine was built in New York in 1841. Unfortunately for the
manufacturers, some firefighters sabotaged the device and its use of the first engine was
discontinued. However, the need and the utility of power equipment ensured the success of the
steam pumper well into the twentieth century. Many cities and towns around the world bought the
steam fire engines.
Motorised fire engines date back to January 1897, when the Prefect of Police in Paris applied for
funds to purchase "a machine worked by petroleum for the traction of a fire-engine, ladders, and so
forth and for the conveyance of the necessary staff of pompiers". With great prescience the
report states "If the experiment prove successful, as is anticipated, horses will eventually be entirely
replaced by automobiles". This was, indeed, the case and motorised fire engines became
commonplace by the early 20th century. By 1905, the idea of combining gas engine motor trucks
into fire engines was attracting great attention; according to a Popular Mechanics article in that
year, such trucks were rapidly gaining popularity in England. That same year, the Knox Automobile
Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, began selling what some have described as the world's
first modern fire engine. A year later, the city of Springfield, Illinois, had filled their fire department
with Knox engines. Another early motorized fire engine was developed by Peter Pirsch and Sons of
Kenosha, Wisconsin.

For many years firefighters sat on the sides of the fire engines, or even stood on the rear of the
vehicles, exposed to the elements. This arrangement was uncomfortable and dangerous (some
firefighters were thrown to their deaths when their fire engines made sharp turns on the road), and
today nearly all fire engines have fully enclosed seating areas for their crews.
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4.7. Technical Skills Developed

 Communication: Industrial training can help students learn how to communicate effectively with
professionals and improve their code of conduct.
 Teamwork: Technical workplaces require strong collaboration and communication skills to be an
effective team member.
 Critical thinking: An essential soft skill that helps professionals make informed decisions and
tackle business problems.
 Problem-solving: Industrial engineers use problem-solving skills to identify production issues and
provide solutions.

Industrial training can also help students gain real-world experience and develop skills that can
impress employers.

4.8. Challenges Faced and Solutions Implemented

 Lack of resources

 Addressing skill gaps: Training providers should identify and address skill gaps among learners
before starting or optimizing a training program.

 Lack of time: Employees may have full work schedules and may not have time for training.

 Limited budgets: Paying for trainers, travel, and hotel expenses can be costly.

 Increased competition: More training providers have adapted to online learning.

 Lack of engagement: Many employees may view training as a chore and may not be fully engaged
in the learning process.

 Quantifying training effectiveness: L&D professionals must demonstrate how training programs
are making a quantifiable impact for the organization.

 Resistance to change: Resistance to change often stems from emotions, such as fear or distrust.

 Communication and collaboration: Everyone must work towards the same goals to achieve
business objectives.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and Recommendation

5.0. Conclusion

My 6 months industrial training as a student engineer at MAR & MOR Engineering Services, 108
Opebi Road Lagos State was a success and a great time of acquisition of knowledge and skills.
Through my training, I was able to appreciate my chosen course of study even more, because I had
the opportunity to blend the theoretical knowledge acquired from school with practical hands-on
application of knowledge gained to perform very important tasks that contributed to the productivity
of the company’s construction of the project.

The SIWES training has given me a broader view to the importance and relevance of civil
engineering in the immediate society and the world as a whole, as I now look forward to impacting it
positively. I have also been able to appreciate the connection between my course of study and other
disciplines in producing a successful result.

5.1. Recommendation

I use this means to provide the following recommendation concerning training of students in
industrial training attachments:

 I would like to suggest that a fund should be set with the charitable aim of providing trainings to
individuals about construction labors in other to generate a pool o unskilled labors with basic
knowledge and communication skills
 I recommend that the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) should provide stipend to SIWES students
during their programs rather than after. This will help students to counter some financial issues
that might arise during the program e.g. Transportation.

5.2. Summary of Key Findings

Solar-powered surveillance technologies have gained prominence for their sustainable,
autonomous, and versatile solutions. This comprehensive review explores three key solar-
powered surveillance technologies: solar-powered CCTV cameras, solar drones, and solar-
powered sensor networks. Each technology offers distinct strengths and weaknesses, making
them suitable for various applications. Solar-powered CCTV cameras provide adaptability,
energy independence, and rapid deployment, while solar drones offer an aerial perspective,
extended endurance, and versatility. Solar-powered sensor networks excel in localized
environmental monitoring. The choice of technology depends on factors such as the surveillance
environment, budget constraints, required surveillance range, and specific monitoring needs.
Organizations can benefit from hybrid solutions that integrate multiple technologies for
comprehensive coverage. Future trends include advanced energy storage solutions, AI
integration, enhanced power efficiency, and cloud-based data analytics, promising to improve
performance and sustainability. Public-private collaborations and sustainable urban planning
initiatives will drive further adoption and integration. Solar-powered surveillance technologies
empower effective and environmentally sustainable surveillance solutions, contributing to a safer
and more sustainable future.
30
5.3. Recommendations for Future Students and the Company
Here are some recommendations for future students and companies:
For Students
 Seek internships: Internships can help students grow professionally and prepare for their future
career.
 Take part in a work-study program: Work-study programs can help students grow professionally
and prepare for their future career.
 Find a mentor: Mentors can help students advance their careers by sharing their experience and
knowledge.
 Use social media: Social media can help students connect and engage with companies.
 Build a network: Students can build their network by actively seeking opportunities and creating
opportunities.
For Companies
 Align education with employment: Universities can integrate practical, career-oriented skills into
their programs.
 Promote college pathways: Universities can partner with community colleges to open pathways
for students who wish to seek a four-year degree.
 Use content marketing: Content marketing can help startups get more customers by creating
brand awareness and teaching potential customers how a business can help solve their problems.
 Establish a strong reputation: Universities can establish a strong reputation through compelling
storytelling and engaging content.

5.4. References

1. Dallman, Chris. "What Type Of Fire Truck Lights Are Most Effective"
(https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20160307222530/http://www.911signalusa.com/what-type-fire-truck-lights-are-most-effect
ive-a-281.html) . 911 Signal USA. Archived from the original (http://www.911signalusa.com/w
hat-type-fire-truck-lights-are-most-effective-a-281.html) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/fire-alarm Dec 26 2023
3. https://www.science.org.au/curious/technology-future/batteries Oct 10 2024
4. https://www.trafficsolution.cn Aug 26 2022
5. Walter A, Edgar C, Rutledge M: First Responder Handbook: Fire Service Edition.
6. "What is a Fire Engine?" (http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-fire-engine.htm). WiseGeek.
Retrieved 17 March 2015.
7. Leihbacher, Doug (1 April 2000). "Preconnects: The Basics" (http://www.fireengineering.com/ar
ticles/print/volume-153/issue-4/features/features/preconnects-the-basics.html). Fire Engineering
Magazine. 153 (4). Retrieved 19 March 2015.

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