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Balancing ofRotating Masses

• Static and dynamicbalancing
• Balancing of single rotating mass by balancing
masses in same plane and in different planes.
• Balancing of several rotating masses by balancing
masses in same plane and in different planes.

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What is Balancing?
• Often an unbalance of forces is produced in rotary or
reciprocating machinery due to the inertia forces
associated with the movingmasses.
• Balancing is the process of designing or modifying
machinery so that the unbalance is reduced to an
acceptable level and if possible is eliminatedentirely.

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• A particle or mass moving in a circular path experiences acentripetal acceleration and a
force is required to produceit.
• An equal and opposite force acting radially outwards acts on theaxis of rotation and is
known as centrifugal force.
• This is a disturbing force on the axis of rotation, the magnitude of which is constant
but the direction changes with the rotation of the mass.
• In a revolving rotor, the centrifugal force remains balanced as longas the centre of the
mass of the rotor lies on the axis of the shaft.
• When the centre of massdoes not lie on the axis or there is an eccentricity, an
unbalanced force isproduced

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 Why Balancing is necessary?
• The high speed of engines and other machines is a common
phenomenon now-a-days.
• It is, therefore, very essential that all the rotating and
reciprocating parts should be completely balanced as far as
possible.
• If these parts are not properly balanced, the dynamic forces
are set up.
• These forces not only increase the loads on bearings and
stresses in the various members, but also produce unpleasant
and even dangerous vibrations.

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 Balancing of Rotating Masses
• Whenever a certain mass is attached to a rotating shaft, it exerts some centrifugal
force, whose effect is to bend the shaft and to produce vibrations init.
• In order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force, another mass is attached to the
opposite side ofthe shaft, at such a position so as to balance the effect of the centrifugal
force of the first mass.
• This is done in such a way that the centrifugal force ofboth the masses are made to be
equal andopposite.
• The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the effect of the
centrifugal force of the first mass, is called balancing of rotating masses.

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Balancing of RotatingMasses
• The following cases are important from the subject
point of view:
1. Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass
rotating in the same plane.
2. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses
rotatingin different planes.
3. Balancing of different masses rotating in thesame plane.
4. Balancing of different masses rotating in differentplanes.

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 Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By a Single Mass Rotating in the Same Plane

• Consider a disturbing mass m1 attached to a shaft rotating at ω rad/s as shown in Fig.

• Let r1 be the radius of rotation of the mass m1 (i.e. distance between the axis of
rotation of the shaft and the centre of gravity of the mass m1).
• We know that the centrifugal force exerted by the mass m1 on the shaft,

• This centrifugal force acts radially outwards and thus produces bending momenton
the shaft.
• In order to counteract the effect of this force, a balancing mass (m2) may be attached in the same
plane of rotation as that ofdisturbing mass (m1) such that the centrifugal forces due to the two masses
are equal and opposite.

gg, DSCE, 8
Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By a Single Mass Rotating in the Same Plane

gg, DSCE, 9
 Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By Two Masses Rotating in Different Planes

• In the previous arrangement for balancing gives rise to a couple which tends to rock the
shaft in itsbearings.
• Therefore in order to put the system in complete balance, two balancing masses are placed
in two different planes, parallel to the plane of rotation of the disturbing mass, in such a way
that they satisfy the following two conditions of equilibrium.

The conditions (1) and (2) together give

dynamic balancing.

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Balancingof a SingleRotatingMass ByTwo Masses Rotating in DifferentPlanes

• The following two possibilities may arisewhile

attaching the two balancing masses:
1. The plane of the disturbing mass may be in between
the planes of the two balancingmasses, and
2. The plane of the disturbing mass may lie on the left or
right of the two planes containing the balancing
masses.

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 1. Whenthe plane of the disturbing mass lies in between the planes of the two balancingmasses

• Consider a disturbing mass m lying in a plane A to be balanced by two rotating masses m1

and m2 lying in two different planes L and M as shown in Fig.
• Let r,r1 and r2 be the radii of rotation of the masses in planes A, L and M
respectively.

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Blore
• It may be noted that equation (i) represents the condition for static balance, but in
order to achieve dynamic balance, equations (ii) or(iii) must also be satisfied.

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When the plane of the disturbing mass lies on one end of the planes of the balancing masses

• In this case, the mass m lies in the plane A and the balancing masses lie in
the planes L and M, as shown in Fig.

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As discussed above, thefollowing conditions must be satisfied in order
to balance the system,i.e.

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Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Same Plane
Plane Angle θ Mass m Radius r Centrifugal mr cosθ mr sinθ
force mr𝛚𝟐

aa

aa

aa

aa Σmr cosθ Σmr sinθ

Plane Angle θ Mass m Radius r Centrifugal mr cosθ mr sinθ l mrl mrl
force
cosθ sinθ
mr𝛚𝟐
l

Σmr Σmr Σmrl Σmrl

cosθ sinθ cosθ sinθ
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 For the static balance of the pulleys, the centre of gravity of the system must lie on the axis of
rotation. Therefore a force polygon must be a closed figure.

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A shaft has three eccentrics, each 75 mm diameter and 25 mm thick, machined in one piece
with the shaft. The central planes of the eccentric are 60 mm apart. The distance of the
centres from the axis of rotation are 12 mm, 18 mm and 12 mm and their angular positions
are 120° apart. The density of metal is 7000 kg/m3 . Find the amount of out-of-balance force
and couple at 600 r.p.m. If the shaft is balanced by adding two masses at a radius 75 mm
and at distances of 100 mm from the central plane of the middle eccentric, find the amount
of the masses and their angular positions.

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8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore
8/25/2015 Hareesha N G, Dept of Aero Engg, DSCE, Blore