Module 2: aggregates properties.

Absolute Relative Density of Aggregates

(Mixture of Fine Aggregates)

100
G.SABS = Pc P f
+
Gc G f
G.SABS = specific gravity of computed aggregates
PC = % of coarse material by weight
Gc = specific gravity of coarse aggregates
Gf = specific gravity of fine aggregates
Pf = % of fine materials by weight.

Example 6: The aggregates mixture is compressed of 36.5% crushed rock w/

specific gravity of 2.93 and 63.5 fined gravel dust with specific gravity of 2.92. Solve
the maximum specific gravity of mixture?

G.SABS = 100 = 100 = 2.923 ans.

36.5 + 63.5 12.46 + 21.75
2.93 2.92

Effective specific Gravity of Aggregates (GSe)

Gse = Pmm – Pb Pmm = total loose of mixture "100%"

Pmm - Pb Pb = % by total weight of mixtures
Gmm Gm Gm = specific gravity of mixtures
Gmm = max. sp. gr. Of mixture

Example: From the given data show in the table from the mix design;
Materials Bulk sp. gr. % of weight
Fine agg. 2.89 48.20 %
Coarse agg. 2.45 50.11%
Mixture 1.69 % - to be determined
Max. sp. gr. Of mixture = 2.48 100 -(48.2+ 50.11) = 1.69
Specific gravity of mixtures = 2.738

Solution:

GSe- 100 – 1.69 = 98.31 = 2.48 ans

100 – 1.69 40.32 – 0.62
2.48 2.738
* % Void in Mineral Aggregates "VMA"*
VMA = 100 - Gmb(Ps) Gmb = bulk sp. gr. Of compacted mixture
Gsb Ps = sum % of C.A &F.A
Gsb = bulk sp. of agg.

Example: The mixture specific gravity = 2.83, coarse agg. =48%, fine aggregates =
39% and bulk specific gravity of agg = 2.93
Solution:
VMA = 100 - 2.83 (39 + 48) = 15.97% ans.
2.93

% of air voids of aggregates

VA = Gmm - Gmb (100) Gmm = bulk sp. of mixture
Gmm

Va = 2.83-2.93 (100) = 3.53%, no air void

2.83

* Bulk Specific Gravity of aggregates

Gsb = Mn VB = volume total of agg. + volume absorbed water

 VBW

W = VB (D) D = density of water

MD = dry mass of agg.

Example: The dry mass of a sample of aggregates is 1306 g. The mass is a

saturated dry condition is l,481g, the volume of aggregates + absorbed water =
815 cm3. What is the Gsb?

Solution:
Wa= 1481 - 1306 = 175g
Vol. of absorbed water = 175 g = 175 cm
(1gfcm3)

Bulk volume = 175 cm3 + 815 cm3

= 990 cm3

Gsb = 1306 g __ = -1.32 ans.

990 cm3 (1 gfcm3)

The Apparent Specific Gravity of Aggregates

ga = md md = mass dry
VBp VB = vol. of agg. + water
p = density of water
The dry mass of aggregates is 2,115g, the volume of agg + water = 815 cm 3.
Compute GA?

GA = 2.115g = 2.60 ans.

815(1)

Porosity:
n = G- d (100) d = apparent bulk sp. gr. Dr = % of mixture(C.A)
G G= 100 Pd = % of other materials(FA)
Pr + Pd Gr = coarse agg. G.S
Gr Gd Gd = fine Agg. G.S

Example: The mixture w/c 81%, C.A sp. gravity is 2.15, F.A specific gravity is 2.89,
19% other materials, solve its porosity at G. A = 2.13.

G= 100 = 2.26 n = 2.26-2.13(100)

81 + 19 2.26
2.15 2.89 = 5.75 % ans.

Applications:

A.) Asphalt
Example 1: A tabulation shown are materials and its properties w/c are in a
comoacted oavina mixture:

Materials Bulk G.S Sp.Gr. %wt.

Asphalt 1.15 10
F.A. 2.48
C.A. 2.83
Specific gravity of pavement mixture = 2.535
Solve the asphalt absorption & effect asphalt content.
Solution:
Gsb = 40 + 50 Gse= 100 - 10
40 + 50 100 - 10 = 2.93 ans.
2.48 2.83 2.535 1.15
= 2.66 ans.

Asphalt absorption:
Pab= 100 (Gse – Gsb) Gb
Gsb(Gse)
= 100 (293-2.66)(1.15)
2.93(2.66)
= 3.98%
Effective asphalt content:
Peb = Pb-Pab(Ps) Pb = % asphalt
100 Ps - % C.A. + % F.A
Peb = 10 – 3.98(50 + 40)
100
= 10-3.582
Peb = 6.42 ans.

B.) Concrete
Example: Which of the following gives the number of bag of cement, sand,gravel
required for a 25 m3 of concrete of 1: 3: 5 mix w/ following datda:
Materials G.S Density
Cement 3.10 1,506 kg/m3 (constant)
Sand (F.A.) 2.38 1,980 kg/m3
Gravel (C.A) 2.61 1,491 kg/m3
1 bag = 0.0283 m3; used 26 liter of water

Solution:
Cement: 1506 t0.0283)(l) = 0.0137 m3
3.10(1000)
Sand: 1,980(0.0283)(3) = 0.071 m3
2.38(1000)
Gravel: 1,491 (0.0283)(5) = 0.081 m3
2.69(1000)
Water: 26 L = 0.026 m3
Total = 0.1917m3

Number bags of cement = 25 = 130.41 say 131 bags.

0.1917
Sand = 130.41(3)(0.0283)
= 11.10m
Gravel = 130.41 (5)(0.0283)
= 18.45 m3
Water = 130.41(26)
= 3,390.66 L
= 3.39 m3

PROBLEM EXERCISES:

1. The mass of water & container = 900g, the mass of the container + rocks +
water = 1. 450g. the mass of container = 360g, solve the mass, weigh &
volume of aggregates, density of unit & specific gravity.
2. The aggregates weighs 25g in air & when emerged in water, the mass
becomes 18g, solve the relative density of aggregates.
3. When the aggregate weighs 115g in air & when submerged is 100g, when
oven dry 985g, what is its absorption? Is it appropriate in construction?
4. The laboratory gradation test result as shown. Give the analysis & fineness
modules
(% mixture).
#1 10g #16 800g
#2 8g #30 500g
#3 11 Sg #50 415g
 #4 400g #100 110g
#8 . 815g #200 85g
Pan(wash) 5g
5. When the specific gravity of coarse aggregates = 2.15 and the specific
gravity of fine aggregates = 2.68, solve the absolute relative density, bulk
specific gravity, of the problem 4.
6. When the total mixture specific gravity is 1.78, the maximum specific gravity
of mixture = 2.88, solve the effective specific gravity of the problem 4.
7. When the aggregates on problem 4 absorbed 15% water of its total volume,
determine the Bulk specific gravity of aggregates, void in mineral?
8. When the aggregates mixture on problem 4, oven dried the weight was lost
of 5%, solve the apparent specific gravity, & its priority?
9. When the aggregates mixtures apply to a asphalt pavement, the asphalt
specific gravity = 1.56, the specific gravity of the pavement is 2.63, solve the
asphalt absorption & effective asphalt content, when 7.5% is asphalt?
10.When the aggregates on problem 4, applied to a concrete pavement, 1:2:3
required for 115m of concrete, with 3.10 specific gravity of cement, when the
density = mass of aggregates / volume of water; volume of water=volume of
total mixture, multiplied its %.