Short Mathematics Notes
1. Basic Arithmetic
● Addition (+): Combining two numbers.
Example: 3 + 5 = 8
● Subtraction (−): Finding the difference between two numbers.
Example: 8 − 3 = 5
● Multiplication (×): Repeated addition.
Example: 4 × 3 = 12
● Division (÷): Splitting into equal parts.
Example: 12 ÷ 4 = 3
2. BODMAS Rule
Order of operations: Brackets, Orders (exponents), Division, Multiplication, Addition,
Subtraction.
Example: 3 + 2 × (5 − 2) = 3 + 2 × 3 = 3 + 6 = 9
3. Fractions
● Addition/Subtraction: Find a common denominator.
Example: 1/2 + 1/3 = (3 + 2)/6 = 5/6
● Multiplication: Multiply numerators and denominators.
Example: 1/2 × 2/3 = 2/6 = 1/3
● Division: Multiply by the reciprocal.
Example: 1/2 ÷ 2/3 = 1/2 × 3/2 = 3/4
4. Percentages
● Percentage = (Part/Whole) × 100
Example: What is 20% of 50?
20%=20100×50=1020\% = \frac{20}{100} \times 50 = 10
5. Algebra Basics
● Expression: Combination of numbers, variables, and operations (e.g., 3x + 5).
● Equation: A statement where two expressions are equal (e.g., 2x + 3 = 7).
● Solving: Find the value of the variable.
Example: 2x + 3 = 7 → 2x = 4 → x = 2
6. Geometry Basics
● Perimeter: Sum of the lengths of all sides of a shape.
Example: Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(l + w)
● Area: Space inside a shape.
Example: Area of a rectangle = l × w
● Volume: Space inside a 3D object.
Example: Volume of a cube = s³
7. Pythagorean Theorem
For a right triangle:
a² + b² = c²
Example: If a = 3 and b = 4, then c = √(3² + 4²) = √25 = 5
8. Probability
Probability = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of outcomes)
Example: Rolling a 3 on a 6-sided die: 1/6
These are basic concepts for quick reference!
