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High School Math Class Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on high school math topics including arithmetic, algebra, functions, systems of equations, polynomials, geometry, statistics, probability, trigonometry, problem-solving strategies, and graphing. Key concepts such as order of operations, linear equations, function notation, and geometric formulas are highlighted. Each section includes definitions, properties, and methods relevant to the respective math area.

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311 views4 pages

High School Math Class Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on high school math topics including arithmetic, algebra, functions, systems of equations, polynomials, geometry, statistics, probability, trigonometry, problem-solving strategies, and graphing. Key concepts such as order of operations, linear equations, function notation, and geometric formulas are highlighted. Each section includes definitions, properties, and methods relevant to the respective math area.

Uploaded by

lavaniboodhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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High School Math Class Notes

➗ 1. Arithmetic & Number Properties


Key Concepts:

 Integers: Whole numbers (positive and negative)


 Fractions & Decimals: Conversions and operations
 Order of Operations: PEMDAS – Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply/Divide,
Add/Subtract
 Factors & Multiples
 Prime Numbers: Only divisible by 1 and itself

Properties of Numbers:

 Commutative: a + b = b + a
 Associative: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
 Distributive: a(b + c) = ab + ac

📐 2. Algebra Basics
Expressions and Equations

 Variables: Letters representing unknowns


 Simplifying Expressions: Combine like terms, use distributive property
 Solving Equations: Balance both sides using inverse operations
 Inequalities: Similar to equations, flip sign when multiplying/dividing by a negative

Linear Equations:

 General form: y = mx + b
o m = slope
o b = y-intercept
 Graphing lines using slope and intercept

📊 3. Functions
Definition: A function relates each input (x) to exactly one output (y).

 Function notation: f(x) = ...


 Domain: All possible x-values
 Range: All possible y-values
 Types:
o Linear: f(x) = mx + b
o Quadratic: f(x) = ax² + bx + c
o Exponential: f(x) = a·b^x

🔢 4. Systems of Equations
Solving Methods:

 Substitution
 Elimination
 Graphing (intersection point = solution)

🧮 5. Polynomials
Key Terms:

 Monomial: One term (e.g., 3x)


 Binomial: Two terms (e.g., x + 2)
 Trinomial: Three terms

Operations:

 Add/Subtract: Combine like terms


 Multiply: Use distributive or FOIL method
 Factor: Reverse multiplication (e.g., x² + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3))

📏 6. Geometry Basics
Shapes and Formulas:

 Area:
o Rectangle = l × w
o Triangle = ½ × base × height
o Circle = πr²
 Perimeter & Circumference:
o Rectangle = 2l + 2w
o Circle = 2πr
 Volume:
o Cube = s³
o Cylinder = πr²h
 Pythagorean Theorem: a² + b² = c² (right triangles)

📈 7. Statistics & Probability


Statistics:

 Mean = average
 Median = middle number
 Mode = most frequent number
 Range = highest - lowest

Probability:

 Formula:
P(Event) = Favorable Outcomes / Total Outcomes
 Independent vs. Dependent Events
 Compound Probability (AND = multiply, OR = add)

🧲 8. Trigonometry (Basics)
Only for right triangles:

 Sine (sin) = opposite / hypotenuse


 Cosine (cos) = adjacent / hypotenuse
 Tangent (tan) = opposite / adjacent

SOH-CAH-TOA helps remember the ratios.

🧠 9. Word Problems & Problem Solving Strategies


 Read carefully
 Identify what is being asked
 Define variables
 Write equations
 Solve step-by-step
 Check your answer in context

📋 10. Graphing & Coordinate Geometry


 (x, y) coordinates
 Plot points on the Cartesian plane
 Find slope between two points:
m = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁)
 Distance formula:
√[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
 Midpoint formula:
((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2)

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