ASSIGNMENT 4 (SOM)
NAME-AYUSH GAUTAM
ROLL NO- 230110024
BRANCH- MECHANICAL ENGINERING
ANS1. Given:
o Diameter (𝑑) = 800 mm
o Internal pressure (𝑝) = 1.5 MPa
o Allowable tensile stress (𝜎) = 40 MPa
Formula:
𝑝⋅𝑑
𝑡=
4⋅𝜎
1.5 × 800
𝑡=
4 × 40
1200
𝑡= = 7.5 mm
160
ANS2. Stresses in a steam boiler
Given:
o Diameter (𝑑) = 1.25 m = 1250 mm
o Thickness (𝑡) = 20 mm
o Internal pressure (𝑝) = 1.6 MPa
o Circumferential joint efficiency (𝜂𝑐 ) = 75% = 0.75
o Longitudinal joint efficiency (𝜂𝑙 ) = 60% = 0.6
Formulas:
a. Circumferential stress:
𝑝⋅𝑑
𝜎𝑐 =
2 ⋅ 𝑡 ⋅ 𝜂𝑐
b. Longitudinal stress:
𝑝⋅𝑑
𝜎𝑙 =
4 ⋅ 𝑡 ⋅ 𝜂𝑙
1.6×1250
a. 𝜎𝑐 = 2×20×0.75
2000
𝜎𝑐 = = 66.67 MPa
30
1.6×1250
a. 𝜎𝑙 = 4×20×0.6
2000
𝜎𝑙 = = 41.67 MPa
48
ANS 3 Given:
o Diameter (𝑑) = 800 mm
o Length (𝐿) = 1.8 m = 1800 mm
o Thickness (𝑡) = 8 mm
o Internal pressure (𝑝) = 2.5 MPa
o Young’s modulus (𝐸) = 100 GPa = 100 × 103 MPa
o Poisson’s ratio (𝜈) = 0.3
Formulas:
𝑝⋅𝑑
a. Hoop stress: 𝜎ℎ = 2⋅𝑡
𝑝⋅𝑑
b. Longitudinal stress: 𝜎𝑙 = 4⋅𝑡
𝜎𝑙 ⋅𝐿
c. Change in length: 𝛥𝐿 = 𝐸
𝜎ℎ ⋅𝑑 𝜎𝑙 ⋅𝑑
d. Change in diameter: 𝛥𝑑 = −𝜈⋅
𝐸 𝐸
𝛥𝑑 𝛥𝐿
e. Change in volume: 𝛥𝑉 = 𝑉 ⋅ ( 𝑑 + )
𝐿
Original volume: 𝑉 = 𝜋 ⋅ 𝑑 2 ⋅ 𝐿/4
Calculations:
2.5×800
a. 𝜎ℎ = = 125 MPa
2×8
2.5×800
b. 𝜎𝑙 = = 62.5 MPa
4×8
62.5⋅1800
c. 𝛥𝐿 = = 1.125 mm
100×103
125⋅800 62.5⋅800
d. 𝛥𝑑 = 100×103 − 0.3 ⋅ 100×103
𝛥𝑑 = 1 − 0.15 = 0.85 mm
ANS4 Cast iron pipe stresses
Given:
o Internal diameter = 200 mm
o Thickness = 50 mm
o Internal pressure (𝑝𝑖 ) = 5 N/mm²
o External pressure (𝑝𝑜 ) = 0
Formulas:
a. Maximum circumferential stress:
𝑝𝑖 ⋅ 𝑟𝑖2 𝑟𝑜2
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + )
𝑟𝑜2 − 𝑟𝑖2 𝑟𝑖2
b. Minimum circumferential stress:
𝑝𝑖 ⋅ 𝑟𝑖2
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑟𝑜2 − 𝑟𝑖2
Radii:
𝑟𝑖 = 100 mm, 𝑟𝑜 = 150 mm
5 ⋅ 1002 1502 50000
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 2
(1 + 2
)= ⋅ 3.25 = 13 MPa
150 − 100 100 12500
5 ⋅ 1002
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 4 MPa
1502 − 1002
ANS 5 Thickness of a thick cylindrical shell
Given:
o Internal diameter (𝑑) = 200 mm
o Internal pressure (𝑝) = 40 N/mm²
o Allowable hoop stress (𝜎) = 150 N/mm²
Formula:
𝑝⋅𝑟
𝑡=
𝜎−𝑝
200
𝑟= = 100 mm
2
40 ⋅ 100 4000
𝑡= = = 36.36 mm
150 − 40 110
