CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter involves laws, investigations, and studies already presented and
conducted to which the present study is related or has some bearing, similarity, or
difference. It includes legal bases, literatures, and studies.
Related Legal Bases
The Republic Act No. 11592 or the LPG Industry Regulation Act describes the
regulatory framework for the safe operations of the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) industry,
including the powers of government agencies and penalties for prohibited acts. This law
supports the study by establishing safety standards for the LPG industry. It focuses on
protecting consumers and ensures that safety rules are followed, which is what the
automatic gas leak shut-off system does.
The Republic Act No. 9514 or the Fire Code of the Philippines establishes a
comprehensive framework for fire prevention and safety regulations. This law supports the
study by preventing gas leaks. The system can help reduce the risk of fires, which aligns
with the fire safety standards and regulations set by the law. This makes the study relevant
to the law’s purpose of protecting people and property from fire hazards.
Related Literature
Gas leaks occur when gas escapes from its container, such as a pipe, into the
surrounding environment. This unintended event often becomes a problem that needs to be
given attention to prevent harm to nearby people, animals, plants, or the environment. Gas
leaks can occur in a variety of places, but they are most commonly found in gas pipes,
indoor gas lines, and gas appliances. Gas leaks can be very dangerous, and natural gas
safety is a serious issue. One of the biggest hazards of a gas leak is the potential for
destructive combustion. If these gasses escape containment for long enough to build up to
a significant concentration in a specific area, and they meet with an ignition source, fires
and even explosions can occur. That is why fire departments take gas leaks very seriously
automatic gas leak shut-off system does (Tara Energy, 2022).
Arduino UNO is an open-sourced microcontroller board that is based on the
ATmega328P. It features 14 digital input/output pins and 6 analog input pins, allowing
users to connect various sensors, motors, and other devices. It is used by teachers and
students to build low-cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles,
or to get started with programming and robotics. Designers and architects also use it to
build interactive prototypes, and musicians and artists also use it for installations and to
experiment with new musical instruments (Arduino Docs, 2021)
Automatic Shut-off System is an additional safety measure that can be installed.
It is designed to operate like circuit-breakers, so when they sense a malfunction, they
automatically shut off the flow of gas, water, or electricity. This system is used to reduce
the risk of accidents and damage (Columbia Gas of Ohio 2019).
Related Studies
Khan, M. M. (2020) conducted the study “Sensor-Based Gas Leakage Detector
System”. The implementation of the sensor-based system in this study showed that gas
leaks could be detected effectively, and users could receive timely alerts. The system's
performance was validated using experimental setups that imitate gas leak conditions. The
stated study shows significant relevance to the research like the purpose and use of the
autonomous gas leak shut-off system.
Mahalingam, A., Naayagi, R. T., & Mastorakis, N. E. (2020) conducted the study
“Design and Implementation of an Economic Gas Leakage Detector”. This study presents
a gas leakage detection system that uses sensors to provide real-time monitoring and
notifications. It also provides a digital output upon detecting LPG, propane, and methane
leaks to alert users. However, it lacks an automatic shut-off mechanism that would cease
the gas supply if a leak was discovered. The study is relevant to the research because it
emphasizes the necessity of early detection of LPG leaks in residential and commercial
settings, which is also a main goal of the automatic gas leak shut-off system.
Das, S. S., Sahana, S., Soujanya, K., & Swathi, M. C. (2020) conducted the study
“Gas leakage detection and prevention using IoT”. In this study, the authors propose an
IoT-based gas leakage detection system with remote monitoring and control. While mobile
app alerts increase user awareness, the study lacks details about the system's ability to
automatically shut off gas supply or its performance in real-world settings. This study
relates to the research by addressing gas leakage detection but it lacks the automatic shut-
off feature that the research provides.
