MENG 324:

Vibrations and
Dynamic Systems
Phone: (516) 686-1062
Email: [email protected]
Office: HSH 117A
Zoom link: https://nyit.zoom.us/j/2023417075

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Outline
 Brief introduction to the course
 Syllabus, course policies and contents
 Introduction to the vibration of mechanical
dynamic system
 Introduction to system dynamics
 Translational system

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Course Goal
 Mathematical modeling and analysis of lumped dynamic
systems with mechanical elements.
 At the completion of this course, all students will be able to
 Model mechanical system: translational and rotational
 Analyze and simulate dynamic systems with MATLAB/SIMULINK
 Solve free vibration problems for single degree-of-freedom (DOF)
systems
 Solve harmonically forced vibration problems for single DOF
systems
 Solve arbitrary forced vibration problems for single DOF systems
 Prerequisites:
 MENG 212: Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics)
 MATH 320: Differential equations

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Textbook and References
 Textbook: Close, Frederick, and Newell,
Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic
Systems, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons
 Reference: Inman, Engineering vibration,
3rd edition, Prentice Hall
 Other MATLAB/SIMULINK related
materials and handouts

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Course Policies and Grading
 Assignments:
 After-class assignments: There will be assignments
every week during the semester. Problems are
assigned to give you practice in applying the
material discussed in class. The problems assigned
for a given week will be submitted for grading
through Canvas before the desired deadline.
 You are strongly encouraged to discuss the
assignments with other students; however, you must
turn in your own work. Late assignments will not be
accepted. Work that is not neat will be returned. A
missing assignment will result in a zero grade. One
problem will be fully graded; the rest will be taken
into account on a complete/incomplete basis.
Homework solutions and grade will be posted via
Canvas.
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Course Policies and Grading
 Exam and quizzes:
 One midterm exams and one final : Close book, close notes
 In-class quizzes given every week. Open book, open notes. Quizzes will take
place every week. The quizzes will take the first 15-20 minutes of class, and
are intended to evaluate the students’ ability to solve problems like those
assigned for homework. The quiz average will be the highest 10 grades out of
the 12 quizzes that are expected to be given. If the student has more than 10
quizzes the lowest one will be dropped. If the student sits for fewer than 10,
zeros will be added to make up the missing grades.
 Make-up exam will be give only for extreme circumstances. You must see me
before the test date to make necessary arrangement.
 For quiz, if I determines that the reason for missing it is appropriate, you will be
excused from it and the grade will not count in determining your course grade. If
I determines that the reason is not appropriate, you will receive a zero for that
quiz or examination.
 Project:
 Design project.
 You could choose different models to do the simulation and design the
parameters to meet the requirement. You are expected to use your imagination
in the design process and to try to use all of the tools that you have
learned. Also, you will be judged on quality of report as well as quality of
results.

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Course Grading
 Grading
 HW, attendance, and participation: 10%
 Quiz: 15%
 Project: 20%
 Test 1: 25%
 Final: 30%

A: 93+, A-: 90+, B+: 85+, B: 82+, B-: 79+, C+: 74+,
C: 71+, C-: 68+, D+: 63+, D: 60+, F: <60.

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Introduction of mechanical
vibrations
 Vibration:
 Subdiscipline of dynamics that deals with repetitive
motion of the objectives relative to equilibrium
position
 Deals with the relationship between forces acting on
the mechanical system and the oscillatory motion of
mechanical system about a point within the system

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Examples of particle vibration
problems
 Generally, engineers try to avoid
vibrations, because vibrations have a
number of unpleasant effects:
 Cyclic motion implies cyclic forces. Cyclic
forces are very damaging to materials.
 Even modest levels of vibration can cause
extreme discomfort;
 Vibrations generally lead to a loss of precision
in controlling machinery
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Examples of particle vibration
problems
 Structural vibrations.
 Most buildings are mounted on top of special
rubber pads, which are intended to isolate the
building from ground vibrations

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Examples of particle vibration
problems
 Bridge: Tacoma Narrows suspension
bridge.
 constructed in the 1940s, was at the time the
longest suspension bridge in the world.
 Because it was a new design, it suffered from

an unforseen source of vibrations. In high

wind, the roadway would exhibit violent
torsional vibrations
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XggxeuFD
aDU 11
Examples of particle vibration
problems
 Vehicle suspension system

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Examples of particle vibration
problems
 Precision machinery

Electron Microscope Hard disk drive

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Examples of particle vibration
problems
 Desired vibrations

Ultrasonic probes
Music instruments
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Examples of particle vibration
problems
 Measurements
 Cantilever-based biosensor
 Quantify the bimolecular attaching to the cantilever based on
its natural frequency

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Types of vibration
 Free vibration occurs when a mechanical system is set
off with an initial input and then allowed to vibrate freely.
 Examples: hitting a tuning fork and letting it ring.
 The mechanical system will then vibrate at one or more of its “natural
frequency" and damp down to zero.
 Forced vibration is when an alternating force or motion
is applied to a mechanical system.
 Examples: Transportation vibration (caused by truck engine, springs,
road, etc.), or the vibration of a building during an earthquake.
 In forced vibration the frequency of the vibration is the frequency of the
force or motion applied, with order of magnitude being dependent on the
actual mechanical system.

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Features of a typical vibration response
 Period
 Frequency
 Angular frequency
 Peak-to-peak amplitude
 amplitude

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 Introduction to System Dynamics
 System: A collection of components which
are coordinated together to perform a
function
Disturbance
inputs
Subsystem Outputs

Control System:
inputs
Engineering system
Biological system
Information system
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 Classification of Variables
General system
Black-box representation
representation (inputs,
of a system
state variable, and outputs)
u1 y1 u1 y1
u2 y2 u2
system x1, x2, …, xn
y2
um yp um yp
Inputs Outputs

 Inputs u: External influences on the system (force, voltage, heat,…)

 Output y: Variables of interests to be calculated and measured
 State variables x: Represent the status or memory of the system.
 Initial states x(t0) and input u(t) completely determine future outputs y(t)
and states x(t), t≥t0 (cause and effect)
 independent
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Example
v
x

fa(t)

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Classification of Systems
Criterion Classification
Temporal Dynamic/Static

Spatial Lumped/Distributed

Continuity of time Continuous/Discrete-time/Hybrid

Parameter variation Fixed/Time-varying

Superposition property Linear/Nonlinear

Determinism Deterministic /Nondeterministic

Quantization of dependent Nonquantized (Analog)/Quantized

variables (Digital)
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Modeling the system
 Model: A description of the system. The
model should capture the essential
information about the system
 Mathematical model: A description of
input-output behavior of a system in terms
of equations

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Why mathematical models are
needed?
 Do not require a physical system
 Can perform new designs/technologies without
prototype
 Do not disturb operation of existing system
 Easier to work with than real world
 Easy to check many approaches, parameter
values,…
 Can access un-measurable quantities
 Help to gain insight and better understanding

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Why mathematical models are needed?
 Analogous system
 Different system that can be described by equations that are
identical except for the use of different symbols
 Common analysis methods and tools can be used
 Examples:
(a) Translational mechanical;
(b) Rotational mechanical;
(c) Electrical;
(d) Hydraulic.

(a) (b)

(c) (d) 24
Example:

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Procedures of constructing
mathematic models
 Divide the system into idealized components
 Apply physical laws to the elements and apply
interconnection laws between elements
 Combine the equations to obtain the model
 Input-output differential equations
 Laplace transform solutions
 State-variable solution and block diagrams

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Translational motion

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Variables

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Mass element

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Friction element

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Friction element

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Friction element

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Spring element

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Interconnection law

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System model

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Example 1

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Solution: Example 1
Example 2

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Solution: Example 2
Example 3

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Relative displacement

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Solution: Example 4