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29 views33 pagesWork Energy and Power
M2B
Uploaded by
WORRACHET INTACHAICopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 33
Work, Energy and
Power
Work is done on an object
when a force acts on
it and cause a motion.
When work is done, energy
is transferred from one
object to another. This
relationship between work
and energy can be seen in
a roller coaster ride where
the train uses the energy
transferred to it at the start eS
of a ride to go through its
entire ride.
History of Roller Coasters
Between the 16” ~ 17" centuries, Russians built ice sleds to use for
How does
a roller coaster
ride relate to work
and energy?
sliding down snow hills.
In the 18” century, wheels were added to ice sleds and were used in
amusement parks in France.
Between the 19" 20" centuries, modern technology was used to
‘add better features to roller coasters, making them safer and more fun,
§> p Work and Power
How is work done
in science?
we) two objects interact, they exert forces on one another
and this causes energy transfer between them. Work
Work and power are related quantities which can be
used to describe the effects of a force on an object. When
and power are used to explain how this energy transfer
happens.
1.1. Work
When a force acts on an object and displaces it in
A the stort ofa roller coaster
fide, a Force i applied to pull
For example, when we push an object from one place the train to the top of a tall
to another, work is done because we move the object __ hil. Therefore, workis done on
. . . the roller coaster rein.
in the direction of the applied force. Work is the product
of a force and the displacement in the direction of
the direction of the force, then work is done on the object.
the force, The SI unit for work is newton-meter (Nm), also defined as joule (J). The
work done on an object is given by the following equation.
Direction of motion
‘A.A torce (F) displaces the object through a distance (a) in the direction of the force
w
e
cs)
When we lift an object, we do work against the force of gravity. In this case, work
is the product of the object's mass (m), the acceleration due to gravity (g), and the
height (h) to which it is lifted (W = mgh).
Work, Energy and Power (68) When a force acts on an object and the object does not move or it moves
perpendicular to the direction of the force, then no work is done.
Direction of motion
hf
‘Work is done in lifting the box because it
moves in the direction of the force that acts
on it,
Direction of motion
No work is done in holding the box and moving
forward because it moves perpendicular to
the force that acts on it.
| force of 50 N was applied to push a box along a tetonless horizontal
surface through a displacement of 3 m. What was the work done on the box?
From the equation W = Fs
We get W = 50Nx3m
= 150 Nm or 150 J
‘Therefore, the work done on the box was 150 J
A boy applied a force of 80 N to carry a plant pot to his garden that was
50 m away. What was the work done to carry the plant pot?
From the equation W = Fs
We get W = 80NxOm
= ONmorOJ
Therefore, no work was done to carry the plant pot because it moved perpendicular to the
force that acted on it, 1.2 Power
Power is a measure of how fast work is done. For example, a tower crane does
200 J of work to lift an object to the top of a building in 20 seconds, and a forklift does
200 J of work to lift the same object to the top of the same building in 80 seconds.
We can say that the tower crane uses a = 10 J/s power, while the forklift uses
ae = 25 Ws power. Therefore, the tower“
crane has more power than the forklift even
though they do the same amount of work.
Power is the rate at which work is
done or the amount of work done per unit
time. The SI unit for power is joule per
second (W/s), also defined as watt (W). For
a quantity of work (W) that is done in a
time (t), the power is given by the following
equation.
A Tower cranes
P-_tepresents power in J/s or W.
p-W W_ represents work done in J
{represents time taken to do work in s.
The unit of power is named after James Watt, a (QiCEND ttt
British inventor who developed the steam engine. One ‘The power of engines
or motors is measured
watt is the power of an appliance or object which does in, horsepower (hp). The
work at a rate of one joule per second. Power is mostly horsepower was adopted
given in kilowatts (kW) and megawatts (MW), which are ‘0 Sompare the power of
steam engines to that of
related to watt as follows: draft horses. In SI units,
= 1 kW 110° W 1 horsepower is equi
746 7
1,000 W poe ae
s1MWw = 1x10°W
= 1,000,000 W From the equation Pe =
We get p = 3000)
60s
= 50 Ws or 50 W
‘Therefore, the engine delivered 50 W of power.
The work done by the boy to push the freezer was W = FS
W = 400Nx 15m
= 6,000 Nm or 6,000 J
‘The power used by the boy to push the freezer was P = W
t
Pp = 6,000 J
2x 60s
= 50 Jis or 50 W
Therefore, the boy used 50 W of power to push the freezer.
The work done by the woman to drag the box was:
From the equation P= =
We get W = Pt
W = 300 Jis x 205
= 6,000 J or 6,000 Nm
The force applied by the woman to drag the box was:
Fs
w
From the equation w
We get Fe
8
F = 6,000 Nm
15m
N
Therefore, she applied a force of 400 N to drag the box. 4) Tick (VW) the statements where work is done and cross out (X) the statements
where no work is done.
1) ‘A man pushed a parked car forward.
2) ‘A shopkeeper walked around the shop carrying a bag of rice.
3)