Chathuranga Dissanayaka
Embedded Systems Engineer
BSc (Hons) University of Moratuwa,
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
1. Introduction to IoT
2. Transportation, Agriculture, Power and renewable, Medical, Home automation, Smart City,
3. Growth and Expansion of IoT
4. Modern IoT Ecosystem
5. Future of IoT
6. Security
7. Network Layered Architecture, Protocols (…)
8. Q&A
9/19/2024 2
1
9/19/2024 3
1
9/19/2024 4
1
• By Kevin Ashton in 1999
• All about connecting the physical device to the internet
• Definition: Network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and other
technologies to connect and exchange data.
• Key Components: Sensors, Connectivity, Data Processing, User Interface
• Examples: Smart Homes, Wearables, Industrial IoT
9/19/2024 5
1
• Timeline:
– 1982: First connected device (Coca-Cola vending machine)
– 1999: Term 'Internet of Things' coined
– 2008-2009: 'IoT's birth' - more devices than people connected
– Present: Billions of devices across various sectors
9/19/2024 6
2
9/19/2024 7
2
9/19/2024 8
2
9/19/2024 9
2
9/19/2024 10
2
9/19/2024 11
2
9/19/2024 12
2
9/19/2024 13
2
• Precision Farming: The use of IoT devices, sensors, and data analytics to optimize crop yield,
soil health, and resource use by managing field variability on a granular level.
• Remote Sensing: The use of satellite imagery, drones, and IoT sensors to collect real-time data
on crop conditions, soil moisture, and weather, enhancing decision-making and monitoring.
• Variable Rate Technology (VRT): Technology that enables the application of inputs like water,
fertilizers, and pesticides at varying rates across a field, based on data-driven insights.
• Agricultural Drones: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with sensors and cameras to
monitor crop health, assess field conditions, and assist in planting and spraying.
• Smart Irrigation: Automated irrigation systems that use IoT sensors to monitor soil moisture
levels and weather conditions, optimizing water usage and improving crop growth.
9/19/2024 14
2
9/19/2024 15
2
• Predictive Maintenance: IIoT enables real-time monitoring of equipment and machinery,
allowing for predictive maintenance that helps reduce downtime, extend equipment life,
and prevent costly failures.
• Enhanced Operational Efficiency: By leveraging IoT sensors and analytics, industrial
operations can optimize processes, reduce waste, and improve energy consumption,
leading to greater productivity and cost savings.
• Supply Chain Optimization: IIoT provides end-to-end visibility into the supply chain, from
raw material sourcing to finished product delivery, enabling better inventory management,
demand forecasting, and logistics optimization.
• Improved Safety and Compliance: IIoT devices monitor environmental conditions,
equipment performance, and worker health and safety in real-time, ensuring compliance
with safety regulations and reducing workplace accidents.
• Data-Driven Decision Making: IIoT generates massive amounts of data from various
industrial assets, which can be analyzed to provide insights into operational trends,
enhance decision-making, and support continuous improvement initiatives.
9/19/2024 16
2
’ …
https://wokwi.com/projects/new/arduino-uno
9/19/2024 17
3
• Connectivity: Limited bandwidth, reliance on Ethernet
• Computing Power: Hardware constraints
• Security: Lack of encryption, primitive security models
9/19/2024 18
4
• Broadband Availability: Facilitated IoT expansion
• Smartphones and Mobile Connectivity: Increased IoT adoption
9/19/2024 19
5
• Key Protocols:
– MQTT: Lightweight messaging
– LoRaWAN: Long Range Wide Area Network
• Importance of interoperability
9/19/2024 20
5
• Common Threats: DDoS, data breaches, device hijacking
• Security Measures: Encryption, secure boot, identity management
9/19/2024 24
5
• Market Sectors:
– Consumer: Smart homes, wearables
– Industrial: Predictive maintenance
– Healthcare: Remote monitoring
– Smart Cities: Traffic management, smart lighting
• Major Players: Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Intel
9/19/2024 25
5
• Role of AI and ML:
– Predictive Analytics: Anticipate maintenance, consumer behavior
– Automation: Adaptive systems
• Case Studies: Manufacturing, smart home assistants
9/19/2024 26
5
• Key Technologies:
– RFID: Early identification and tracking
– M2M Communication: Early forms in industrial automation
– Examples: Logistics, Manufacturing
9/19/2024 27
5
• Trends:
– AIoT: AI and IoT integration
– IoT in Healthcare: Remote monitoring
– Sustainable IoT: Energy-efficient designs
9/19/2024 28
6
• Scalability: Billions of devices
• Interoperability: Seamless system integration
• Regulations: Privacy laws, security standards
• Ethics: Data privacy, AI ethics in IoT
9/19/2024 29
6
• Self-Healing Networks: Autonomous correction
• Autonomous IoT Systems: Minimal human intervention
• Quantum Computing: Faster processing, enhanced security
9/19/2024 30
6
• Benefits of 5G: Low latency, high data rates, device connectivity
• New Applications: Remote surgery, autonomous driving
9/19/2024 31
