Bteh SE C8er)-E

- CoCBesc toos)
 the Von Neumann anchiteetwu faeituy etfiuent
brogran execution nemony.
by atoing both inihutins
and in the same n .his allows o the
eay fetching of in ut ons anol sperands
dubing pnoram exeeutien without withing
betwen prati ins buuetion anol data mmy
nExampui A can
8n a data setþog'amdeteh honyomnig caleulatons
feteh both thi
both the'
addition) anol thi data (e.q. . inutuetion leg.,
the sam memory uducing sheranda) from
contol mechanusy. compuxity in
An Awming o an 8- bit nocsoranol
ttartng he nobot on "the 3rth grid :
Cemnand L: Move foroand by t4s nit.
Neuo poion
Commanel 2: Mrve back -42 wmit.it meas that
Neuw pohion = Q0 -92 =) -12
ine the qud handed by cn 8-bit proceoT
a o-25S value- huns the tnal þositton, con'
dning wndutlow, woud wnah to:
final Pou hon ) 256- 12 = 244
Am IEEE S4 luting point ho. = Reprusntation
Numbe! -87. 34
8), = 1010111
(39),,= o-bL0L0111. ..
(0734),i, =(10L0L11 . 010 Lo11! .. .
 Nemaliwg the rmbei
(=> (t-o1 O111o101o11),x 26
>fer single Preeisi'oy
2-N, E-I27
E-127 =6
E = |27 +6 = I33

(133),, =(Io00 o101),

41000 010LoL011 loLo101L1
for double Prec'ston
E- 1023 = 6

= 1029
1029) =(1000000010 1),
1 1000000o101 0101 1L0101 011. . . .

Numbeh :+t8.2L3
(76);o =( 100111o)_
(213)1o =(0011o1 .-),
(78-213)1o =(1001 iL0. 00L1oi.....)
Nemalzati'on
-1.0011 10 o01L01), X10 6
 for ingle Pruus ion
E- 127 =6
E = 133
433)40 = (10000L01),
100001o t.o1110 004101 ....
for double PueieÝn
|10000000 101 o011L000 1101

Final humnny:
Deimal Num. Phuus t'o
C2AE2&8
-9734 Single
dlouble costsD0 A3DTOAZD

+70-213 hyle 429C36ES

4053C6E4A2D9797D
Deuble
Multiplxen S Demltiþuxer
Amullijlexen Aelets one infut om ult'pe
inut amel foroands it to a inge oul ht,
wili a Demutblexen takes one input and
dist it to ene f many outputa
Binany Adder u cLA
A buinay addr putom bituitt additon
with ani þropaqaton. cLA uduus cavy
nobrgatuón tiu 'by catulating cay bit
n advamu wuii logie fention
 Mumory ad uI Mmoy Writi
Memerý uad htneus data fom memty
mum wite stooes odata into membay
Full Addn u Ful Subtactr
Afull addr þentoms the addition t thu bit
|þroducing a um and cayout. Afull
ubtracttr fenfommy the subthactitn oB th
bct,jnovndig a dittehne amd bono) But
Ana s.We khoy tack is ast I trst ( LIFO).Ao,this
js tdealfor managing nhot ping cant ims
as most cant itim typially the
me cwuton added iss tY
wamt toto emtve
hemtve ist
PVSH: Adds an elumnt to the toh of the Atack.
|RPN: Reveue Potwh Nstatien, shee speraons
follo thein ohhans.
POP: Removes an elmnt om tob d fhe slack.
a) 7xs +(st) +(4X6+2)
RPN: 75XS& t 46 X2 +t
Stack: H’ 3 s. s 46, 4, &’184,6’ le4,6.2-192
b) S+ 10X +(345)+ x(6 +2)
RPN: SLo6 t + 35 +62+ X t
c) 8xz + (4 +8)+ (4x +2J + 2 +3
KP N: 93 X 8++ 7X2 t t 2+3 +
Stack: xe. 3, x, 24, 4, 8, 4 12, 4,7, X,30, 2, +.3 2, 64,2t
66,3, t69
d) A+) *c -lD-E)* (F +Gn)
AB+-DE - Fat
e) F+ h
D-E (D-E) t (fth)
(A+&). c (A+8).c A+a). c -(D- C)* (Ftn)
)(10 +3) [2*3 + (3* 9/3)J
(-3 +(4 *3)
103 + 23 x 392 t 63 -43 * +

Stant
Multi pLÝn ’ M
Multi plend’ &
n ’ No. 6f bit

AA-M

No

Reutte Ace
Now, 23 Complument (-9)- -I6+7 = lot11
rM= T0111|
24 (omnpleent (-13) -16+7
=10o1 1 =))0- 100 f 1|
- M 0 10o0
 |nA
oD 000 10011
oL0011 0011 Ihitalizd
A= A-M
o0 10o11001
4 00010 D11o0 ash
3 1100 11011o0 |A= 4+r
11lo01011o ash
2
11110|O1o11 ash
o011101011 o A=4-M
bo o11|o1D1 1
Do

Now, Kemlt A8 = 0o 0 114 01o1

magnihde
-t117
Anu n a common bus ustm. multibu þhous or
hegists thae
sha aa i u bus tot m n data
7e goal is to trunsf data from amy the 8
tuqters (each u bitw ) to the conimen bs,
He hou:
dt We will hewe 8 ’ R) 4 bitt wtde.
t Thn we will have a 4 bit wide bus that
trafer datu b| w heginws and cemponeuti.

&1. Each MUX is connud to al eyisten

At rt 6t each mUx uill be conhectid
64
to bus tor data to be ansten.
 32L0
O
MUX

32
|0
RB

D
32|
D
MUX|
)
2
u3 ttt
320)
165

ttt
32
10 R-E

tt
2MU 3210
R-F

tttt
32|
b
R-4
1o
3MUX
2
43 32|0 R-H
965
 L4 bit SELA StLB SELC DPE
3bt zbut zbtt shit
o10011 001O0010

Lo o0o010O O000D

) Rs Rs- 1
1010 oo 10 1001 1D
iv) Re ShR1
0010Oo 1!0 11000

) Rz inbut

F:A Ce F: A F.A

Sq So
 Aver ow occw, wuh Ca t Cout
Hue s the diag1am

u bit Adolun,subtactrk -Gin

oven flo
tns io a) A-&+Ct+D) E+ f /h+ (TK)
GAdd # 2 Adds # o Adds
ADD k,CD MoVE R,,c LOAD J PUSH C
DIV Ri, RiE ADD Ri,D POSH D
MUL k
ADD
MVL K, ,JK STORE T1 PUSH E
MUL Ryk
D|U
SVR Ru, A, R ADO R, kz ADD D
PUSH A
MoVE DIU
ADD
ADD Rky, R Abp Ti
MOVE ky A STORE
LOAD F PUSH J
ADD PUSH K
ADD R, Rz A DD T MvL
STORE T2 PU SHE
MoVE , R1
LoAD A

ADD T
STORE X
POp
b) (A B+ )+ D/E t F"h tI* T
#3 addres #2 Addus aldre
LOAD A POSHAs
MUL R, A, & MoVE Ri,A
9DD Ri.R,.C Myl R,, B ADD c
ADP R,, C MUL
STORE T,
pIV R2,D, E MoUE Rz,D
ADD R,R, R DIV R,,E DIU t
A Dp T POsH D
MUL K.f, h MOUE R,f PUsH E
MVL R4, I.J STORE TA
LOAD F DIU
ADD R2, Re,l MoVE R4,I ADD
ADD X, Ri, R
ADD Te
ADD Rq, Ry STORE Ts PUSH Ci
LOAD I
ADD
MoVE X, Ry A
DD Tg
STORE X
PUSH T
MUL

POP