Capitol University
Cagayan de Oro City
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
ICT 001 (Software Applications and Network Systems
Used In Seagoing Ships)
WEEK 9
TOPIC : Computer Networking (IP Address)
STCW
Operate computers and computer networks on ships
Competence
Understanding of:
KUP KUP2. Use of computer networks on ships
CO1: Apply appropriate computer software for data processing and
Course Outcomes
networking onboard ship.
Learning LO1.7. Explain the basic practice of computer networking onboard
Outcomes ships.
1. The learner reads the given materials and watches the
supplementary videos on the link provided.
Learning Activities 2. Actively participate in the discussion and demonstrate the
knowledge on the different classes of IP address.
3. The learner answers the Midterm Assessment 2 (Quiz no. 2)
INTRODUCTION
What is an IP Address?
An IP address is a unique global address for a network interface.
An IP address:
- is a 32 bit long identifier
- encodes a network number (network prefix) and a host number
Dotted Decimal Notation
IP addresses are written in a so-called dotted decimal notation. Each byte is identified by a
decimal number in the range [0..255]:
Example:
1
Network and Host Portions
An IPv4 address is hierarchical. It is composed of a Network portion and Host
portion. All devices on the same network must have the identical network portion. The
Subnet Mask helps
devices identify the
network portion and host
portion.
The Subnet Mask
Three IPv4 addresses must be configured on a host:
Unique IPv4 address of the host.
Subnet mask - identifies the network/host
portion of the IPv4 address.
Default gateway -IP address of the local router
interface.
The IPv4 address is compared to the subnet mask bit
by bit, from left to right. A 1 in the subnet mask
indicates that the corresponding bit in the IPv4 address
is a network bit.
2
Logical AND
A logical AND is one of three basic binary operations used in digital logic. It is used to
determine the Network Address. The Logical AND of two bits yields the following
results:
The Prefix Length
The prefix length is the
shorthand method of
expressing the subnet mask.
It is equals the number of bits
in the subnet mask set to 1. It
is written in slash notation, /
followed by the number of
network bits.
Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses
Types of Addresses in Network
192.168.10.0/24
• Network Address - host portion is all 0s
(.00000000)
• First Host address - host portion is all 0s
and ends with a 1 (.00000001)
• Last Host address - host portion is all 1s
and ends with a 0 (.11111110)
• Broadcast Address - host portion is all
1s (.11111111)
3
Static IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
Some devices like printers, servers and network devices
require a fixed IP address. Hosts in a small network can
also be configured with static addresses.
Dynamic IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
Most networks use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) to assign IPv4 addresses dynamically.
The DHCP server provides an IPv4 address, subnet mask,
default gateway, and other configuration information.
Example
Example: argon.cs.virginia.edu
• IP address is 128.143.137.144
• Is that enough info to route datagram??? -> No, need netmask or prefix at
every IP device (host and router)
• Using Prefix notation IP address is: 128.143.137.144/16
• Network prefix is 16 bits long
• Network mask is: 255.255.0.0
-----> Network id (IP address AND Netmask) is: 128.143.0.0
-----> Host number (IP address AND inverse of Netmask) is: 137.144
128.143 137.144
4
The old way: Classful IP Adresses
• When Internet addresses were standardized (early 1980s), the Internet address
space was divided up into classes:
• Class A: Network prefix is 8 bits long
• Class B: Network prefix is 16 bits long
• Class C: Network prefix is 24 bits long
• Each IP address contained a key which identifies the class:
• Class A: IP address starts with “0”
• Class B: IP address starts with “10”
• Class C: IP address starts with “110”
The old way: Internet Address Classes
bit # 0 1 7 8 31
Class A 0
Network Prefix Host Number
8 bits 24 bits
bit # 0 1 2 15 16 31
Class B 10 network id host
Network Prefix Host Number
16 bits 16 bits
bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31
Class C 110 network id host
Network Prefix Host Number
24 bits 8 bits
Example
Class A (0.0.0.0/8 to 127.0.0.0/8) – Designed to support extremely large
networks with more than 16 million host addresses.
Class B (128.0.0.0 /16 – 191.255.0.0 /16) – Designed to support the needs of
moderate to large size networks up to approximately 65,000 host addresses.
Class C (192.0.0.0 /24 – 223.255.255.0 /24) – Designed to support small
networks with a maximum of 254 hosts.
Problems with Classful IP Addresses
The original classful address scheme had a number of problems
Problem 1. Too few network addresses for large networks
- Class A and Class B addresses are gone
Problem 2. Two-layer hierarchy is not appropriate for large networks with Class A and
Class B addresses.
Fix #1: Subnetting
5
Problem 3. The Internet is going to outgrow the 32-bit addresses
Fix #2: IP Version 6
Shipboard computer network and internet access
The key components of the ship’s IT network
Network Components
• Modem
• Router
• Switch
• Server
• Clients (users)
• Cables/wires
• Peripherals
Supplementary Videos to Enhance Learning
IP addresses. Explained. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_-qWlvQQtY
Assessment Tasks
Formative Assessment 1.7.3: At the end of the learning activities, the student should be able
to answer the Midterm Assessment 2 (Quiz no. 2: multiple choice questions) about IP Address
and setting-up wired LAN.
References
• https://www.hattelandtechnology.com/blog/introduction-to-computer-networks-on-ships
