UNIT 18 AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT OBJECTIVES After completing the study of this unit, the student will be able to * state the advantages of window-type air-conditioning units. * state the advantages of central air-conditioning units. * describe the cooling equipment combinations that can be installed in a one-story residence and in a two-story residence for heating systems of the following types — 1, radiator and panel heating system 2. forced warm air heating © list the components of the following residential systems and state the function of each component — 1. warm air winter air-conditioning system 2. summer air-conditioning system * describe the operation of two types of cooling towers. * list the advantages of commercial self-contained air-conditioning equipment. © define what is meant by a commercial built-up air-conditioning system. RESIDENTIAL EQUIPMENT Residential air conditioning is accomplished by two general types of equipment window units and central systems. WINDOW UNIT Window units (also known: as room units), figure 18-1, are designed to air con- dition a portion of the residence. The capacity of such a unit is designed so that a given unit size is adequate to condition one room. Thus, a unit in a larger size is satis- factory for more than one room. If the unit is to be used for more than one room, however, the arrangement of the rooms must insure good airflow. Although a unitFig. 18-1 The window-type room cooling unit may be designed to air condition only one room, several window units can be used to air condition an entire residence. In fact, it is possible to air condition an entire multi- room commercial building using window units. ‘Advantages of the window unit include the following: A separate temperature control is provided in each room or area in which a unit is installed. © Ducts are not required. This advantage is especially noticeable in residences in mild climates where central heating systems are not required. The advantage may not apply in cooler regions where duct systems are necessary for winter heating, regardless of the summer requirements. * Plumb/ng is not required. ‘* The installation of the unit is simple; therefore, changes in the construction of the residence usually are not required. © Some types of window units are fitted with heating coils and can be used as supplementary sources of heat. Disadvantages of window units include the following: The unit requires space in a window. In general, the unit has a fixed air quantity. The installa‘ion must be made on an outside wall. © Appearance may be a factor.230 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment CENTRAL SYSTEMS There are two categories of central air-conditioning equipment for residences. The first category is cooling equipment that is added to or combined with radiator and radiant panel heating systems. In the second category, the cooling equipment is added to or combined with warm air heating systems. In either case, the type of equipment selected depends (1) on the style of the residence (single story or two story), and (2) for an existing structure, the type of heating system installed. Central systems offer the following advantages: Comfort conditions are maintained in every room in the house. A central automatic control point is provided. Since the cooling and heating equipment is installed in one location rather than several locations, the maintenance of the system is easier. Better air distribution. One of the major differences between central systems and window units is the higher equipment and installation cost of the central system. Several typical con- figurations of central systems are shown in figures 18-2, 18-3, and 18-4. . ain to ROOMS RADIATOR AND PANEL HEATING a The heating systems of many resi- dences use steam or hot water radiators or radiant panels. For a ranch or single- story residence containing this type of heating system, cooling can be achieved with the following equipment combinations. * A fan coil unit with a remotely (_ neTuRN located water- or air-cooled con- mn densing unit. The fan coil section pig 19.2 can be installed in the basement, tem; attic, or crawl space and is connected and cooling with acentral sys- AIR_TO ROOMS Fig. 18-3 Separate heating and cooling units Fig. 18-4 A combination heating and cooling using a common duct system unitUnit 18 Air-conditioning Equipment ® 231 to its own duct system. If the house is very large, two fan coil units can be used with each unit having its own duct system. « A self-contained unit with fan, coil, condenser, and compressor in one package ‘can be installed inside or outside of the house and connected to its own duct system. ‘A two-story house with steam or hot water radiators or radiant panel heating can be cooled using the following equipment combinations: ‘* One fan coil unit located in the basement, attic, or crawl space, and one con- densing unit placed in a remote location. This arrangement usually requires an extensive duct system. ‘* One fan coil unit in the basement or crawl space to supply a separate first floor duct system, with a second fan coil unit in the attic to supply a separate second floor duct system. One remotely located condensing unit can be used for both fan coil units or a separate con- denser can be installed for each unit, ‘© One or two self-contained pack- ages may be used. The duct sys- tems will be the same as those described for the previous equip- ment combinations. FORCED WARM AIR HEATING Single-story or two-story houses haying forced warm air heating sys- tems can be cooled using any one of the following equipment combinations: * a cooling coil located in the dis- earpe.pleuun’ of'tha dct syi- (Pie 12S Aidiibamlrerstest wis one blower tem and a remotely located condensing unit. The capacity ‘AIR TO ROOMS of the unit should be checked to determine if the same fan can be used for both the heating and cooling applications. a single package combining the coaling and heating equipment with the condensing unit (for cooling) in a remote location. The combination unit can be placed in the basement, attic, ‘or crawl space. * a single package containing the cooling and heating equipment as well as the condensing unit for cooling. Fig, 18-6. A dual-unit system with two blowers AIR To ROOMS COOLING Con232 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment If the residence has a gravity warm air heating system, it is usually a good pro cedure to replace the furnace with a forced air system. Such a change may also require a change in the duct system. WARM AIR RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM EQUIPMENT (The information presented on pages 232 through 235 was adapted by permission from the National Environmental Systems Contractors Association, NESCA.) Winter Conditioning System A complete warm air, winter air-conditioning system is shown in figure 18-7. This air-conditioning system consists of the blower, burner, controls, humidifier (where required), and air filter. The ducts, dampers, return air intakes, and warm air outlets make up the duct system. A winter air conditioner burns fuel and provides heat. [t may be hand fired or provided with a burner using a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel. The main parts of the system are described in the following sections. * A room thermostat, figure 18-7A, is a temperature actuated electrical switch. It maintains the room air temperature by turning the burner of the system on or off. In general, the room thermostat does not directly control the operation of the blower. ‘+ Retum air intakes, figure 18-7B, are grilles through which the air passes on its way from the rooms to be reconditioned. Fig. 18-7 Winter air-conditioning systemUnit 18 Airconditioning Equipment # 233 © Bonnet thermostats, figure 18-7C, are temperature actuated switches which pro- vide automatic control of the blower and limit the maximum bonnet air ‘temperature. An air filter, figure 18-7D, removes lint and dust particles from the air circulated through the unit and the duct system. A duct system, figure 18-7E, retums the room air from the return air intakes to the unit. The duct system also supplies conditioned air from the unit to the rooms. Ventilation air can be introduced into the building through the duct system as well. A humidifier, figure 18-7F, if required, adds moisture to the circulating air in the system. A blower (also known as a fan), figure 18-7G, circulates the air through the winter air conditioner and duct system. Volume dampers, figure 18-7H, are located in the supply ducts, stackheads, or outlets. In systems with more than one return air inlet, volume dampers may be installed in the return ductwork. These dampers regulate the quantity of air flowing through the various ducts and are used to balance the system. ‘© Supply outlets are diffusers or registers through which the conditioned air is introduced into the rooms. Certain types of outlets are designed for use in specific locations in a room. Perimeter diffusers, figure 18-71 are usually placed in the outside walls. This type of diffuser directs the air upward in a fan-shaped pattern so that it blankets the outside wall. Ceiling diffusers usually direct the air parallel with the ceiling. Registers are normally located either on the inside wall, figure 18-7, where they direct the air toward the outside wall, or in the floor, figure 18-7K, where they direct the air upward. s Conditioning S A complete summer air-conditioning system, figure 18-8, page 234, includes an air distribution system, air handling unit, and refrigeration system. The refrigeration ‘system or cooling unit consists of a compressor, condenser, expansion valve or capillary tube assembly, cooling coil, and interconnecting tubing. The air handling unit, figure 18-8A, includes the cooling coil, a blower and motor, filters, and a condensate drain pan. All of these components are contained in a suitable insulated enclosure. (The cooling coil actually is part of both the air handling unit and the refrigeration system.) The ducts, dampers, return air intakes, and supply air outlets form the duct system. © The room thermostat, figure 18-8B, maintains the desired room air temperatures by turning the summer air conditioner on or off during the cooling season. For year-round operation, it is necessary to provide either two thermostats (one for heating and one for cooling) or a single thermostat for both applications. © The air filter, figure 18-8C, removes lint and dust particles from the air circulated through the conditioning unit and duct system. © The blower fan, figure 18-8D, circulates air through the summer or year-round air conditioner and duct system.234 © Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment ‘The duct system, figure 18-8E, brings the room air from the return air intakes back to the unit and supplies conditioned air from the unit to the rooms. In addition, ventilation air can be introduced into the building through the duct system. The cooling coil, figure 18-8F, removes heat and moisture from the air passing through it. The type of cooling coil used and its location depend on the type of summer air-conditioning unit provided. Heat removed from the air is carried by the cold refrigerant in the cooling coil. Moisture removed from the air is drained from the coil. The cooling coil may be located in the supply plenum, figure 18-8G, of the winter air conditioner or it can be located in the supply duct system. Other components of the summer air conditioner usually are placed in a remote location when a plenum-mounted cooling coil is used. Volume dampers, figure 18-8H, are placed in supply ducts, stackheads, or out- lets. In systems with more than one retum air inlet, volume dampers may also be installed in the return ductwork. The dampers regulate the quantity of air that is to be removed through the various ducts. In addition, the dampers are used to balance the system. The supply outlets, figure 18-81, consist of diffusers or registers through which conditioned air is introduced into rooms. Certain types of outlets are designed for use in specific locations in a room.Unit 18 Air-conditioning Equipment ™ 235 Alternate Cooling Coil Arrangements Figure 18-8 also indicates that the cooling coil may be located in a twin or com- panion summer air conditioner. Thus, during the cooling season, air passes through the summer air conditioner; during the heating season, air passes through the winter air conditioner. The twin unit, such as the one shown in figure 18-8), contains a blower. Other components of the cooling cycle may be mounted in the cabinet of the twin unit (self-contained unit) or they may be mounted remotely. The plenum- mounted cooling coil is used with a down-flow winter air conditioner, figure 18-8K. The cooling coil and housing are placed below the supply outlet of the winter air conditioner. ‘The cooling coil is mounted in the supply outlet or duct system of a horizontal-type winter air conditioner, figure 18-8L. In this system, as in other sys tems using plenum-mounted coils, the air passes through the winter air conditioner before it passes through the cooling coil. ‘TYPES OF HUMIDIFIERS One of the most common methods of adding humidity to a conditioned space is to supply air moistened by the evaporation of water. This moisture is provided by a humidifier, figure 18-9. The humidifier should have a water supply control valve with ‘an overflow outlet and should be easily acces- sible for inspection and cleaning. ‘The humid- ifier may contain porous plates to increase the surface area from which evaporation can take place. These plates should be inspected periodi- cally. Replacement of the plates is required if they are coated with minerals from the water or other materials with the result that their absorbent qualities are reduced. Spray- type humidifiers can be used as well. MECHANICAL FILTERS Mechanical or dry-type filters, figure 18-10, are provided as an integral part of the winter or year-round air-conditioning equip- ment. Such filters trap or entrain most large airbome dirt, dust, and lint particles. How- ever, the filters have little effect on small parti- cles, The filtering medium is tightly packed between a mesh-type or woven material. The medium is usually some type of fibrous ma- terial such as bonded glass fibers, aluminum, hair, or treated paper. Fig. 18-10 Mechanical filter Filter Maintenance Mechanical filters should be inspected periodically (monthly), particulary when the conditioning system is in use in areas near industrial plants or other sources of airborne dirt. Disposable-type filters should be replaced as soon as their effectiveness is reduced, Washable-type filters should be cleaned in accordance with the236 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment manufacturer's recommendations. Dirty filters limit the flow of circulation air. Asa result, the performance of the winter or year-round air-conditioning unit can be ad- versely affected. SELF-CHARGING FILTERS Another type of filter is similar in appearance to a mechanical filter but uses a plastic filtering medium. Such a filter combines a mechanical and an electrostatic filtering action. The electrostatic charge is generated by air passing through the filter- ing medium. Dirt particles are attracted to the surfaces of the material by this electro- static charge. Self-charging filters must be inspected and cleaned frequently in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations. Once the iilter is cleaned, it is reusable. CHARGED-MEDIA ELECTRONIC FILTERS Charged-media electronic filters, figure 18-11, operate on thé principle that un- like electrical charges attract one another. The airstream passes through a series of charging plates so that the dirt parti- cles in the air acquire a strong charge. eae’ The airstream then passes through PACK a bank of collector plates which have an electrical charge opposite to that on the particles. The charged dirt Particles are attracted to the col- lector plates. When these plates are loaded, they can be removed for cleaning. | This ‘type of filter requires a source of high voltage to supply the charge for the particles in the air- stream and the collector ‘plates. Fig. 18-11 Electronic filter COOLING TOWERS There are two types of cooling towers as shown in figures 1812 and 18-13, The atmospheric cooling tower, figure 18-12, depends upon wind action to bring the air into contact with a water spray. Warm water enters the top of the tower through COLLECTING cee Fig, 18-12 Atmospheric cooting tower Fig. 18-13 Forced draft cooling towerUnit 18 Air-conditioning Equipment ™ 237 a distribution header. The water is then broken into a fine spray by nozzles. As the water spray drops through the tower, it comes in contact with the air. The water is cooled by evaporation and is collected in the sump in the base of the tower. Makeup water, entering the tower at the base, and recirculated water are drawn into the circu- lating pump from the sump. A forced draft cooling tower, figure 18-13, is similar to the atmospheric tower in many respects. However, the forced draft tower contains a fan to provide positive air circulation, Wood fill or louvers are used to increase the area of contact between the air and the water. The water is introduced from the distribution header in the form of droplets rather than as a fine spray. In general, the water losses in a forced draft cooling tower are less than those in an atmospheric cooling tower having the same capacity. COMMERCIAL AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT Offices, restaurants, churches, supermarkets, bowling alleys, and buildings having similar or related uses can be air conditioned using single- or split package self-contained units or built-up systems. ‘Single- and Split Package Self- Contained Equipment Self-contained equipment is sere designed to be used with or without 44, Louvers a duct system. Such equipment SCREEN: can condition comparatively large open areas, individual small areas, or combinations of both types of areas. In most commercial ap- plications, self-contained equipment offers great flexibility as shown prawn: by the following possible equip- ment combinations: * Single-package, floor-mounted unit with a water-cooled con- densing unit, no duct system, and with or without a cooling tower. * Single-package, floormounted unit with a water-cooled con- densing unit, a duct system, air air INTAKE ‘COOLING Leuio. pour sana system. + Split package, floormounted or Pa unit with a remote air-cooled ry condensing unit with or with- out a duct system. Fig. 18-15 Remote floor-type room unit238 Section 6 Residential end Commercial Equipment * Split package, ceiling-mounted unit with a remote air-cooled condensing unit with or without a duct system. * Single- or split package unit with a cooling coil only and in the combinations listed here. * Single- or split package unit with a heating and cooling coil and in the com- binations listed here. * Any of the previous combinations where all of the equipment is located outside of the air-conditioned space. Suitable ducting is provided to connect the fan dis- charge outlet to the conditioned space. Self-contained air-conditioning equipment offers the following advantages: * Complete flexibility pr vides a solution to space and water supply problems. * Individual space temperature control. * Low cost air distribution if the area is free of obstructions. + Extremely simple operating controls. * Simple installation which does not require special foundation construction. * Relocation requires a minimum of effort in the event of business expansion. Although self-contained equipment has numerous advantages, the following details may offset the advantages and should be considered before such equipment is installed: * Water-cooled condensing units require water Piping, drain piping, and possibly cooling towers. * Aircooled condensing units require refrigerant Piping and electrical wiring to the remote location. * Floor-mounted equipment located in the conditioned space uses valuable floor area. * Aircooled condensing units may be prohibitive if a reasonably close location is not possible. Long runs of refrigerant piping may not be desirable. * Cooling towers may be difficult to locate without considerable plumbing, founda- tion, and rigging costs. Fig. 18-16 Remote component arrangementsUnit 18 Air-conditioning Equipment # 239 Built-Up System A built-up airconditioning system, figure 18-17, offers almost unlimited flexibility for commercial applications where there are many individual private areas or several zones. Equip- ment for built-up systems is available in a variety of sizes and combinations which can be cABiey FAN Cow USEO WiTH DUCTWORK selected and arranged to maintain exacting comfort conditions. Large or small areas with ranma BaF different comfort requirements can be handled simultaneously. A built-up system can be AN designed to supply simultaneous cooling to | *™™*T0Cthime ‘one area and heating to another area. There are two basic types of built-up systems. The Eek Dae ee on first type uses ceiling or high wall air distribution pattern with manual dampers for each large or small space. The fan, cooling coil, and condensing unit or water chiller are located outside the air-conditioned space. ‘Such a system requires an equipment room which is usually located in the base ment or in a special enclosure on the roof. The equipment room contains the fan, cooling and heating coil, filter, condensing unit or evaporative condensing coil, water cooling equipment, and a heater. ‘The second type of built-up system uses fan coil units located under windows or suspended from the ceilings in closets or similar available spaces. When a ceiling unit is concealed in the'closet, only the supply and return outlet face of the unit is visible in the space. “This type of built-up system has a fan coil in cach window or closet installation. Cold or hot water is supplied to the coil from a remote equipment room containing condensers, water chillers, and a hot water heating source. If ventilation air is supplied by an overhead duct system from a central source, heating and cooling can be supplied simultaneously. That is, hot or cold water can be supplied to the coil and heated or cooled air can be supplied for ventilation. This dual arrangement is particularly useful during marginal weather when the outside tem- perature may change daily from cold to warm or from warm to cold. Ventilation air can also be supplied through openings in the outside wall for each unit. In this case, hot or cold water is available to the unit installed under the window and the unit coil handles the total load. Still another type of system uses an induction assembly only, figure 18-18, page 240. This assembly is designed to bring room air across the coil. The induction-type conditioner has a central fan chat delivers conditioned air through a duct system to each induction unit, The coil in the induction unit is supplied with hot or cold water. Because there is a combination of warm or cold air and hot or cold water available at the unit, almost any temperature and humidity condition can be maintained, re- gardless of outdoor conditions. Built-up systems have a number of advantages. For example, such & system can be designed with individual room control. Cooling or heating capacity not needed - in one zone can be directed to another zone. The equipment is remotely located. As ‘a result, equipment noise usually is not a problem. Since this type of equipment can be designed to supply conditioned air continuously, humidity control is constant.240 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment HEATING AND COOLING COIL PRIMARY AIR PRIMARY AIR FROM CONDITIONER FROM CONDITIONER LOW-PRESSURE TYPE HIGH-PRESSURE TYPE Fig. 18-18 Induction-type room sir conditioners The refrigeration and air handling equipment can be located in one area; therefore, maintenance is simplified. ; While built-up equipment systems have the advantages listed, there are several factors which may offset some of the advantages. For example, the complete system ‘must be used to supply air conditioning for overtime work even though only a small Portion of the building is occupied. In addition, valuable space may be required for eduipment rooms. Additional controls and ductwork may be required to provide individual room control. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS Each buyer of air conditioning equipment may have preferences or requirements that apply only to a particular system. In addition, the physical arrangement and use of the structure to be air conditioned may require special installation techniques. ‘These two considerations have a direct influence on the selection of the air-condition * Are there special areas requiring unusual heating or cooling treatments? * Is the owner aware of the cost of one system as compared to another system (where both systems will do a similar job but each system has special features)? * Is the owner aware that the cost of the equipment and the cost of operating the system for a given application can vary considerably? For example, it is system ‘is operating is usually greater than the initial cost of the tower. In other words, although the system costs more in the beginning because of the adcition of a tower, the cost of the water saved by using the tower actually pays fur the tower. Thus, the addition of the tower actually becomes a long-run vost saving,Unit 18 Air-conditioning Equipment ™ 241 Is the sound level of equipment installed in the space as compared to that of equipment installed in a remote equipment room significant to the occupants of the building? ‘© Are there unusual problems in locating the equipment? «Is future expansion planned? * Is the future use of the space likely to change? * Can the installation be made with the occupants in the building? © Are changes to the building structure required? * Is central shutdown required, or is building zone shutdown more appropriate? * Is appearance a major factor? SUMMARY * Room or window units are designed to condition a single roum; but, several units may be used to completely air condition a house or larger building. Window units offer individuab room temperature control, air distribution without ducts, and heating and cooling. However, these units require space in the room, outside wall installations, and usually have a fixed air quantity. ‘© Residential central air-conditioning equipment offers cooling equipment that is added to or combined with radiator or radiant panel heating systems, or warm air heating systems. The cooling equipment requires a separate duct system unless it is to be combined with warm air systems. A central system supplies comfort conditions to every room, has better air distribution, and is easier to maintain than room units. A central system, however, has @ higher initial equipment and installation cost. * For single- or two-story residences, single-package fan coil units with a water- or air-cooled condenser are available as are units with the con- denser remotely located, + Mechanical (washable or disposable) and electronic filters are available for the air-conditioning equipment, as are natural draft and forced draft cooling towers. * Self-contained commercial equipment is available in single- or split pack- age units that can be used with or without duct systems. Such equip- ment can be used for heating or cooling applications, or both, in res- taurants, offices, stores, supermarkets, churches, and similar structures. * Single- or split-package units can be floor- or ceiling-mounted in or out- side of the conditioned space. Self-contained equipment is flexible, gives individual space temperature control, is simple to operate, and can be relocated easily! + Water-cooled condensing units require plumbing; air-cooled condensing units require refrigerant and electrical lines to the condenser.242 ® Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment * Applied or built-up system equipment offers many combinations of fan, cooling coil, heating coils, condensing units, evaporative condensers, filters, water coolers, and water heaters. Built-up systems can use fan coil units installed under windows or induction units. The air can be supplied to the unit from a central point, or, in the case of the fan coil unit, from a central point through a separate ovérhead duct system. Built-up systems can supply heating and cooling simultaneously in dif- ferent areas. Such systems usually require a separate equipment room. REVIEW 1. List three advantages of window air-conditioning units. List three advantages of central air-conditioning systems. . Identify the basic parts of window or room units. If a home has gravity warm air heating, should the furnace be replaced for air conditioning? Why? What is an important requirement for the use of electronic filters? Describe the two common types of cooling towers and their basic differences. Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of self-contained equipment. Identify the parts of the self-contained air-cooled unit in figure 18-19. Sx ay awn > PASS fozroa w Fig. 18-19 A self-contained air-cooled unitUNIT 19 INSTALLING RESIDENTIAL AND SMALL COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT OBJECTIVES ‘After completing the study of this unit, the student will be able to © uncrate, install, and check the operation of a window-type room air conditioner. ‘© list the basic items in a preventive maintenance program for a window air conditioner. ‘The popularity of residential ‘and commercial air conditioning has increased enormously in the past 25 years. To fill the demand for inexpensive and dependable equipment designed to meet all requirements, manufacturers ‘have developed a wide variety of units in most price ranges. The two types of equipment generally used are window units (room air conditioners) and package units (self-contained). "A limitation in the amount of space available for the installation is often the factor which determines the selection of the best type of unit for a particular re- quirement. Each job must be considered on an individual basis. Earlier units of this text outlined the procedures used in estimating loads and selecting equipment. It is the responsibility of the job estimator to decide the best Jocation for the airconditioning equipment. This equipment may be located on the eof, in the attic, in the basement, in a closet, suspended on outside walls, or placed in the yard outside of the building. Units 19 through 23 describe the installation, startup, maintenance, and service of residential and commercial air-conditioning equipment. INSTALLING AND SERVICING ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS Room air conditioners are small self-contained units whose basic function is to cool @ single room or space. ‘These units vary in capacity from 1/2 to 2 tons. The majority of room units are air cooled. They are designed to be installed on a window sill or through a hole cut in a wall. Floor-mounted models called consoles are also available. Room units must be located near a source of outdoor air in sufficient quantities to permit the proper air-cooled condenser heat rejection. (Note: the manufacturer's installation instructions shipped with each unit are to be studied carefully before the installation is started.) Window Sill Installation (Typical Unit) ‘The following instructions describe the installation of a typical window unit. 1. Remove the shipping crate and inspect the unit for shipping damage, figure 19-1, page 244. 2. Tip the unit on its back and remove the bolts holding the shipping skid.244 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment Fig. 19-2 Filler plate bracket Fig, 19-3. Attaching the mounting bracket 3. Slide the chassis from the cabinet, 4. Rotate the fan motor shaft several times to insure that the fan blades do not ‘strike any part of the chassis. 5. Attach the filler plate brackets as shown in figure 19-2. Use three nails in each bracket. 6. Place the cabinet upside down on the floor and bolt the inner support rail to the cabinet, figure 19-3. The bolt holes in the ‘Support rail are to line up with theUnit 19 Installing Residential and Small Commercial Equipmont ™ 245 Fig. 19-4 Installation mounting hardware third hole from the front of the cabinet, on both sides. Secure the support rail with bolts (B) and washers (C), figure 19-4. 7. Measure the window sill to obtain dimension A as shown in figure 19-5. 8. Loosely install the mounting brackets at a distance equal to dimension A from the inner sup- port rail using bolts (B) and washers (©), figure 19-4. 9. Measure from the mounting bracket to obtain dimension B, figure 19-5. Loosely install the outer support rail at this height using nuts (D) and washefs (E), figure 19-4. 10. Place the cabinet in the center of the window opening and lower the sash to hold the cabinet in position, figure 19-6. 11. Attach the cabinet to the window stool with screws (J). Attach the ‘small felt weatherseal to the stool with nails (A).246 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment 12, Use @ level to position the cabinet at a slope so that the outside edge is approxi- mately 1/8 in. lower than the inside edge. 13. Hold the cabinet in this position and tighten the loosely installed bolts (Steps 8 and 9) on the mounting bracket and the outer support. 14. Attach the outer support rail to the sill with screws (K), figure 194. 15. Measure the distance between the cabinet and the window frame. Cut the filler plate to this dimension. 16. Raise the window sash and in- stall the filler plate so that the side seals with the beaded edge face toward the room. Slide the filler plate into position, figure 19-7, 17. Loosen the four mounting bolts and extend the sliding support rails to the window frames. Then retighten the mounting bolts. Fig. 19-7 Installing weatherseals 18. Cut and install the upper filler plate top seal. 19. Cut the upper horizontal gasket to the correct length. Install the gasket. 20. Lower the window sash and install the felt weatherseal, figure 19-8. 21. Loosen the compressor shipping bolts so that the compressor floats freely. 22. Slide the chassis into the cabinet. CUT FELT WEATHERSEAL 70 sue Servicing Window Units Preventive maintenance is just as important for window units as it is for revs larger units. Most air-conditioning units are hermetically sealed so that there is no access to the refrigerant circuit. As a result, testing gauges cannot be used without cutting into the refrigerant circuit. Before any attempt is made to cut into the re- frigerant circuit, the technician must study the manufacturer's maintenance instruc- tions for the particular unit and model being serviced. ‘The condenser and evaporator fan motors gencrally are permanently lubricated; thus, they require no further lubrication in the field. However, if oil cups are provided on any motor, it should be oiled every three months with a high grade oil (SAE 20 viscosity),Unit 19 Installing Residential and Small Commercial Equipment ® 247 fom NonrueN ZONES ADDITIONAL RRM E Ta ae 264) J @y aso tnsiauueo wm reat section a Bs ou Be ! | — i aes OFENINS Fig. 19-9 Installation details of a casement-type window unit (Courtery Chrysler Airternp.)248 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment Filters must be changed whenever they get dirty. The amount of time required for the filter to become soiled enough for replacement varies from two weeks to three months, depending upon the location of the installation. Regardless of their ap- Pearance, filters should be changed every two months during the operation season. Window unit design varies considerably between manufacturers and between models from the same manufacturer. As a result, it is necessary to obtain detailed service instructions for the particular model being serviced when major repairs are necessary. Such major repairs include replacing fan motors and charging the refrig- erant circuit. An annual cleaning of the unit is recommended, Both the evaporator coil and the condenser coil and any rusty surfaces must be cleaned. After the rust is removed from the surfaces, they must be repainted, SUMMARY * Room air conditioners are designed to be installed in a window or in a hole in the wall. * Room air conditioners have air-cooled condensers; therefore, these units require a plentiful supply of outdoor air. * Before installing room air conditioners, it is essential to study the manu- facturer’s installation instructions provided with the model being installed. * Preventive maintenance is just as important for small window units as it is for larger conmercial equipment. Periodic and thorough unit clean- ing and motor lubrication are important. * The frequency with which the filter is replaced or cleaned depends upon the amount of dust and dirt in the air.UNIT 20 INSTALLING A WATER-COOLED, SELF-CON’ AINED UNIT OBJECTIVES ‘After completing the study of this unit, the student will be able to 1ist the items of an inspection of the site selected for the installation of » water cooled, self-contained air-conditioning unit. use the proper procedure in uncrating an air-conditioning unit. explain the selection and use of isolation pads under an air-conditioning unit when it is placed on a foundation. make the following piping and wiring connections — piping for the water-cooled condenser installing water regulating valves adjust the fan speed of the air-conditioning unit. NG THE SITE ite selected for the equipment installation is to be inspected before the unit ued, A thorough inspection will include the following points: Doors or stairways must be wide enough to admit the unit. «Floors or roofs must be strong enough to support the weight of the unit. ‘The unit foundation must be level. Enough room is provided. around the foundation to install the water piping, electrical service, and ductwork. Always read the manufacturer's installation instructions carefully before the actual installation is started. These instructions normal- ly are attached to the outside of the shipping crate. MOVING THE UNIT TO THE SITE AND UNCRATING ‘The unit is moved to its final location in an upright position. If it is necessary to put the unit on its side to move it through doorways or up and down stairs, place Jong planks under the unit and gently lower it on these planks. Do not dent the unit casing. At no time should the unit be dropped from a truck, platform, or shipping. dock. When the unit is raised or lowered, the base is to be kept lower as the weight of the-unit is concentrated at the lower end.250 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment After the unit is moved to the site, remove the shipping crate. Place blocks under one edge of the base skid and remove two of the shipping bolts. Then remove the blocks, place them under the opposite edge of the unit, and remove the two re- maining shipping bolts, Inspect the unit thoroughly for shipping damage before sliding it from the base skid. Claims for shipping damage should be submitted to the transportation company. PLACING UNIT ON FOUNDATION The unit is to be installed on a level foundation having sufficient strength and rigidity to support the unit weight. An isolation pad is placed under the entire base ® van secrion © oman oan @ rermocanr omien/srrainen © raneis © execrmear conrnors ©) viowo sour ovass Ficrens conDens RECEIVER (AIR COOLED MODEL) 9 © eR Boceo 2 ® coouins cow ® compnesson Fig. 20-1 Components of water-cooled unitUnit 20 Installing a Water-cooled, Self-contained Unit 251 of the unit. When isolation pads are placed only at the comers of the unit base, the bottom sheet metal of the unit acts as a sounding board with the result that more noise. is generated than when the unit is placed directly on the floor. In order of preference, recommended isolation pad materials are sponge rubber (1/4 in.) and fiberglass roof insulation (1/2 in.) Structural insulation such as Celotex®, Temlock®, Insulite®, and Lockaire® are good acoustical insulators, but deteriorate and give off odors when wet. If the unit is placed on a concrete foundation on the ground, an isolation pad is not required normally. In this case, the bottom of the unit is coated with a liquid or semiliquid waterproofing compound such as roofing cement or hot tar. CONNECTING PIPING FOR THE WATER-COOLED CONDENSER A water-cooled condenser installed in a package unit usually is of the shell and coil design. The coils are arranged so that there are no joints inside the shell. This design eliminates the possibility of inaccessible leaks. The water is circulated in a parallel flow pattern which is suitable for either city water or cooling tower operation. Holes for water piping are provided in the condenser paneling; these holes are usually located in the left end panel and the back panel of the unit. Figure 20-2 shows two methods of handling condenser waste water. oem FROM “aceeen vn t existina fLooe See aneen foto use Frey mien mage som met Coaitioen movnerina Sencar oe Foe NOT LESS THAN j8” oer bs ee escent eae ee nar ro skwen (A) VERTICAL CONDENSER PIF (B) CONDENSER ORAIN PIPING Fig. 20-2 Types of condenser piping252 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment INSTALLING WATER REGULATING VALVES The water regulating valve, figure 20-3, is selected on the basis of the re- frigerant used and the required size to L A Rance maintain an economical and safe con- densing temperature under the design conditions (high load, high water tem- perature, and low water pressure). The condensing temperature and the valve size (in most cases) are determined in the survey. The water regulating valve should be installed with the capillary end down. The water flow is to be in the same direction as the arrow on the valve body. The capillary tube is connected to the high-pressure side of the com- pressor. The gauge port on the com- pressor discharge shutoff valve is to be = 2 vaive used for this connection when possible. = setLOWws The valve to which the capillary tube : of the regulating valve is to be connected must be backseated before the connec- tion is attempted Once the connection is made, the 1 capone, valve is opened approximately one LINE turn from the backeated position to allow the refrigerant pressure to reach the water regulating valve and still leave Fig. 20.3 Cutaway view of pressure-operated water the line open. regulating valve CONNECTING THE COOLING TOWER In those installations requiring a water-saving device, a cooling tower is selected. The cooling tower must have a sufficient capacity to maintain the condensing tem- peratures within safe operating limits. When a cooling tower is used, it is good practice to interlock the compressor control circuit with the cooling tower. As a result, the compressor runs only when the tower is operating. If this interlock is not made, compressor abuse and shortened life -an occur with a resulting higher maintenance cost. A water regulating valve is not recommended when a water cooling tower is installed, $ AowustiNG 3 vaive CONNECTING THE CONDENSATE DRAIN PIPING The condensate drain piping must be run full size to an open drain or sump. The piping must slope downward from the unit the full distance to the drain. Pro- visions are made for cleaning the piping by installing plugged tees at all turns in place of elbows.Unit 20 Installing a Water-cooled, Self-contained Unit ™ 253 INSTALLING THE WIRING AND CHECKING THE POWER SUPPLY All wiring should comply with local codes and with the National Electric Code requirements. The units are wired at the factory for the electrical characteristics shown on the nameplate. The nameplate characteristics of the unit must be checked with the available power supply. This supply is run to the unit starter. The power at the unit must be within 10% of the rated voltage during normal operation and on startup. For polyphase units, the phases must be balanced to within 3%. ‘An adequate fused disconnect switch is to be provided in the power supply to handle the starting current. This switch is to be located within sight of the unit, Ifa starter is used with the fan motor, a separate disconnect switch is required. It is essential that the proper wire size and dual element fuse sizes be installed to prevent nuisance tripping, accentuated voltage unbalance, generally unsatisfactory operation, and shortened unit life. Figure 20-4 shows a typical wiring diagram for self-contained equipment. searen eters umaey FeRMINAL254 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment REMOVING THE COMPRESSOR SHIPPING BOLTS ‘A hermetic motor-compressor is usually spring mounted. For shipment, the motor-compressor is held rigidly in place by hex head machine bolts. These bolts are usually located at the comers of the compressor. When the bolts are removed, the compressor should float freely on its springs. To save the bolts for future use, place them in a cloth bag and tie the bag inside the unit. These bolts should be used when- ever the unit is moved from one location to another. . SETSCREWS ADJUSTING THE FAN SPEED The fan motor is usually equipped with an adjustable pitch oe, pulley, figure 20-5. This pulley can Y SHAFT be adjusted to vary the fan speed to obtain a range of air quantities. To obtain the desired fan speed, 7 adjust the fan motor pulley accord- FLAT SURFACE ing to the following procedure. \oyaeve'N® 1. Remove the belt from the FLANGE SETSCREW// fan motor pulley after loosen- ing the motor (as outlined in \eeyanee FIXEO the section Adjusting Fan Belt las FLANGE Tension). Fig. 20-5 Adjustable speed motor pulley 2. Loosen the setscrew in the movable flange of the pulley. Screw in the movable flange of the pulley. Screw the movable flange in toward the fixed flange as far as possible. In this position, the pulley gives the maximum fan speed. 3, Each half-turn of the adjustable flange away from the fixed flange reduces the fan speed. CAUTION: Under no circumstances should the flange be screwed more than six turns from the fixed flange. Before tightening the setscrew, insure that the setscrew is over the nearest flat surface of the pulley hub. 4. Replace the belt and adjust the belt tension as outlined in the following section. It is not possible to measure the fan speed accurately while the front panel is removed from the unit. Such fan speed measurements should not be necessary if the preceding instructions have been followed. ADJUSTING FAN BELT TENSION The following procedure is to be used to adjust the fan belt tension. 1. Remove the cover plate and loosen the motor mounting bolts above the top plate, figure 20-6. 2. Slide the motor to a position such that the bolt can be depressed 3/4 in, at a point midway between the two pulleys. 3. Tighten the mounting bolts.Unit 20 Installing a Water-cooled, Self-contained Unit * 255 (STRAP WITH WELO NUTS) Fig. 206 Fan motor mounting ‘* The major steps in installing self-contained water-cooled equipment are: % SS PARA SN ‘SUMMARY Inspect the site to determine the sizes of the door, hall, or stairway and the strength and levelness of the floor. Move the unit to the site and uncrate it. Place the unit on the foundation. ‘Connect the condenser water piping. Install the water regulating valves. Connect the cooling tower (if used). Connect the condensate drain piping. Install the wiring and check the power supply. Remove the compressor shipping bolts. Adjust the fan speed and the fan belt tension.UNIT 21 INSTALLING AN AIR-COOLED, SELF-CONTAINED UNIT OBJECTIVES After completing the study of this unit, the student will be able to * Prepare and install a self-contained, air-cooled unit in any one of three locations — inside the building Projecting through the wall of the building. outside the building * install an air-cooled condenser indoors or outdoors including — the installation of the refrigerant piping the completion of the wiring of the fan ‘motor and condenser. Air-cooled package units are popular for central residents! and small commercial its since they are compact and eliminate the need for cooling towers and wate: piping. These units are very popular in areas where hard water and the resulting con- denser scaling are problems. Aircooled package units are designed to satisfy many different residential ani commercial requirements. For example, the units can be installed in the attic cr crawl space, through the wall or transom, suspended from the ceiling, placed on a roof, of set on a concrete base next to the basement wall. These units are completely |. GABLE END 2, ON WALL ON BRACKETS OR PLATFORM. ‘SS 3. ON GROUND INTO CRAWL SPACE OR BASEMENT 4. ON GROUND INTO INTERIOR CLOSET 5 ON ROOF Fig. 21-1. Suggested locations for the cooling unitUnit 21 Installing an Air-cooled, Self-contained Unit ® 257 weatherproofed for outside or roof installation. Air-cooled units can be connected to an existing warm air duct system or to a specially designed duct system of their own, Plenums are available for free blow distribution into the conditioned space. Most package units supply cool air to the conditioned space through the top section of the front face of the unit, Warm air is removed through the bottom section. ‘The condenser intake occurs through the sides and discharge takes place through the rear face of the unit. PREPARING THE UNIT FOR INSTALLATION ‘The unit is uncrated and the clearance and rotation of the evaporator and con- denser fans are examined. All fans must be checked to insure that they are properly adjusted. The hermetic motor-compressor is spring-mounted. During shipment, the motor- compressor is rigidly held by hex head bolts. These bolts are usually located at the four comers of the compressor. A 9/16-in. socket wrench and extension must be used to remove the compressor holddown bolts, The compressor must float freely on its springs when the bolts are removed. Place the bolts in a cloth bag and tie the bag inside the unit so they are available for future use. The compressor must be bolted down whenever the unit is moved. INSTALLING THE UNIT Base Unit Inside the Building Condenser Air. The following procedure is recommended to insure that an adequate air supply is available to the condenser. These steps will insure that there are no ex- cessive losses in capacity. 1. Locate the air intake at a remote site from the unit, figure 21-2. 2. Remove condenser side panels if the rotating fan parts do not constitute a hazard. 3. If the air intake must be located next to the unit, the following precautions must be followed: a. Box in and seal the intakes. b. Remove the condenser side panels to decrease the air restriction. c. Make any necessary provisions to minimize the recirculation. WALL WALL OPENING Base = ony CONDENSER EVAPORATOR ‘ouTSiDE INSIDE Fig. 21-2 Base unit inside building258 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment Construction of Wall Opening. ‘The location of the opening for the condenser supply anc discharge air is determined in the preliminary survey. An existing window, vent, transom or other opening can be used if it is adequate in size and strength. The gap around the unit must be closed to insure a good weatherseal, Construction of Platform. The weight of the unit requires substantial ‘sup- Port when installed. In attic in- stallations, the unit is to be placed directly over, or as near as possible, to those points where the center Partition or other walls meet the side walls of the building. The unit Fig. 21-3 Structural details of wall opening can be placed directly on the joists or on a platform constructed on the joists. The Joists or platform must provide a level base for the unit, Disposal of Condensation. The condensate flows through 1/2-in, FPT fittings in the base pan of the unit. An auxiliary drip pan is to be used on all inside installations Sound Isolation. To prevent the transmission of vibration when the unit is operating, an isolation pad or several strips of 1/4-in. rubber is placed under the entire width of the base unit. ‘Base Unit Projecting Through the Wall (Figure 21-5) Construction of the Wall Opening. The location of the opening is usually determined in the survey. A 3/4-in. clearance is provided around the unit. This clearance is the Fig. 21-4 Method of attic installationUnit 21 Installing an Air-cooled, Self-contained Unit ® 259 waLe WALL OPENING ie EVAPORATOR CONDENSER OUTSIDE INSIDE Fig. 21-5 Base unit projecting through wall maximum size recommended to permit easy weathersealing of the hole. The wall opening construction is the same as that for the inside unit location. The sill of the wall opening must be able to provide substantial and safe support for the weight of the unit. Construction of the Platform. The unit must be installed on a rigid and well-constructed platform to prevent any dislocation during operation. When determining the dimen- sions of the constructed platform at the job site, an allowance is to be made for the removal of the side panels for servicing. Disposal of Condensation. Condensate is removed through 1/2-in. FPT fittings in the base of the unit. In general, a drip pan is not required in through-the-wall installations. Sound Isolation. The unit must be installed in a manner that prevents the transmis- sion of vibration, An isolation pad or several strips of 1/2-in. rubber can be placed under the entire width of the base unit to deaden the sound and any vibrations. FLEXIBLE 3" CORNER BLOCKS SEALER AROUND DUCT CONCRETE SLAB (AT LEAST 4” ABOVE GROUND) Fig. 21-6 Outdoor installation recommendations260 © Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment Base Unit Outside the Building (Figure 21-6) Construction of the Wall Opening. For outside installations, an opening must be made in the wall for the supply and return ducts fabricated at the job site. The size of the hole is determined by the size of the ducts used. Construction of the Platform. The unit must be placed on a solid and permanent, corrosion- and weather-resistant platform. The location of the platform usually is determined in the survey. The recommended concrete pad construction is as follows. 6 in, thick, 48 in. wide, and 60 in. long with a gravel apron in front of the condenser coils. The platform must be level and able to support the weight of the unit. Before installing the unit on the platform, the bottom of the unit is to be coated with a liquid or semiliquid waterproofing compound, such as roofing cement or hot tar. Disposal of Condensation. Condensate is removed through 1/2-in, FPT fittings in the base pan of the unit. Sound Isolation. 1f the unit is placed on a concrete foundation on the ground, an isolation pad normally is not required. However, the bottom of the unit should be coated with a liquid or semiliquid waterproofing compound, such as roofing cement or hot tar. = CLIP PANEL p FAN HOUSING CONTROL PANEL, ‘SUPPORT BOLTS: MoTOR LADJUSTMENT BOLTS FAN ASSEMBLY MOUNTING BOLTS TEMPERATURE ‘CONTROL TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE BULB. HIGH PRESSURE ‘CONTROL LOW PRESSURE _—| “WATER TEE CONTROL REFRIGERATION CYCLE MOUNTING BOLTS (6) ~ACCESS VALVE DISCHARGE ADAPTER HIGH-PRESSURE FITTINGUnit 21 Installing an Air-cooled, Self-contained Unit 261 SETTING THE UNIT rior to removing the shipping skid, the unit is moved as close as is practical to its final jocation. Care must be taken to prevent damage to the unit or the building. It may be desirable to build a special handling rig for installations where the unit must be raised more than five feet. For example, a pickup truck carrying an A-frame with a block and tackle is @ suitable rig. In addition, local rigging companies can be con- tracted to do any moving and setting of the equipment. Unit Inside or Outside the Building If the unit is to be moved into or through a hole having sleeve dimensions, the shipping skid must be removed; the width of the hole will not accommodate the skid. A few types of inside installations, such as tho: in a limited attic or crawl space, may require that the side panels be fastened before the unit is placed in position. If this st=p is necessary, the instructions for through-the-wall installations are to be followed. The unit is then moved to its final position. The compressor holddown bolts and ihe shipping skid are removed. Before the side panels are assembled, the power supply’ ani wiring connections are made (as described in the following paragraph). ‘The install>r must insure that the unit is level, fits securely and safely on the plat- form or in the drip pan, and that adequate sound isolation steps have been taken. The condensate drain line connections are then made. Power Supply and Wiring All wiring must comply with local and National Electrical Code requirements. The unit mus: be grounded. The units are completely wired at the factory for either 230-volt, single-phase, 60-hertz or 220-volt, three-phase, 60-hertz electrical characteristics. The nameplate characteristics of the unit are to be checked against the available power supply. The Power at the unit must be within 10% of the rated voltage. On polyphase units, the phases must be balanced to within 3%. The power company is to be contacted regard- ing the correction of line voltage that is not within 10% of the standard value or is unbalanced. A fused dissonnect switch is to be provided. The switch must have an adequate size to handle the starting current. The switch is located within sight of the unit. The wiring is ccmpleted according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. Figure 21-8, page 262, shows a typical wiring diagram for a self-contained, air-cooled unit. WEATHERSEALING The basic unit usually is weatherproofed at the factory. If the unit is installed Properly, it will op-rate satisfactorily in an outside location regardless of weather conditions. The opening in the wall of the building is necessary in all three types © one stallation. This opesing must be thor ughly weathersealed according to standurd carpentry practice, fivure 21-9, page 262. . In through-the-wall installations, the gap between the unit anc the framework must b- weathersealed as well. Nonsetting caulking compound is used around the entire unit to complete the weathersealing.262, ® Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment Fig. 21-9, Details of weatherproofing wall openingUnit 21 Installing an Air-cooled, Self-contained Unit ® 263 The hole or opening is sealed by installing asphalt paper against the wall of the building, flashing under the wall siding, a drip cap, and compression trim boards. Any additional practical measures are to be taken which will provide a good weatherseal. These additional precautions depend upon local weather conditions and the architectural features of the building. INSTALLING AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS Air-cooled condensers can be mounted indoors or outdoors. It is not necessary to place the condenser at the same level as the compressor. Air-cooled condensers must not be located in an area con- tinually exposed to loose dirt and foreign matter which can clog the con- denser coil. Outdoor Installation The fan motor is usually located inside the casing of the condenser. As a result, a special hood is not re- quired for weather protection. The condenser is mounted so that the prevailing wind blows toward the air intake of the unit. If it is not possible to mount the condenser in this manner, an air deflector is used as shown in figure 21-10. If the air discharge is in the direc- tion of a wall, an air deflector is not re- quired. However, the condenser should be spaced from the wall at a distance = | of not less than one and one-half times the diameter of the fan, figure 21-11. Indoor Installation If the condenser is mounted in- doors, the air leaving the condenser must be discharged to the outside. Fig 21-11 Condenser installation near wall This type of discharge prevents the recirculation of heated air through the condenser, When the air is discharged to the outside, a provision must be made for a fresh air intake. Refrigerant Piping A hand shutoff valve (L) is installed at the receiver inlet, figure 21-12, page 264. A purge valve or purge fitting is installed in the 1/4-in. Pipe tap provided in the con- denser inlet header, In systems having a large capacity, an additional purge valve should be installed on the receiver.264 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment TO RECEIVER SHUTOFF TO EVAPORATOR Fig. 21-12 Refrigerant piping for an air-cooled condenser To prevent condensed liquid refrigerant or oil from damaging the compressor, 4 trap is installed in the vertical discharge line near the compressor. The height of the trap should be six inches for every 10 feet of vertical discharge line. If the height of the vertical discharge line is such that a single trap is impractical, the loop can be re- placed by a check valve or several traps. When refrigerant piping is being installed, it must be well supported. The piping is installed with sufficient flexibility to insure that vibrations from the compressor, condenser, or piping are not transmitted to the building. A muffler is usually placed in the discharge line to prevent noise due to the pulsation of the refrigerant. Refrigeration piping should be kept as clean as possible. In many instances, before the piping is connected, it may be necessary to run a swab through the pipe to Femove dust and other foreign material. After the tubing is cut to the proper length, al burrs should be removed. Loose filings must not be allowed to remain inside the ‘tubing, Strainers and strainer-driers are used to filter out most of the foreign material left in the piping. However, some foreign material can still enter the expansion valve and the compressor. Undesirable material, especially moisture and acids, may not be a problem until the unit has been operating for several months. Refrigeration piping systems can never be too clean.Unit 21 Installing an Air-cooled, Self-contained Unit ® 265 Additional methods of installing the piping for air-cooled condensers located outside the building are shown in figures 21-13 through 21-16. Electrical Wiring The electrical installation should be in accordance with local codes and regula- tions and the National Electrical Code, The fan motor on the condenser operates when the compressor runs and stops when the compressor shuts off. The wiring is to be interlocked so that the compressor cannot run if the fan motor fails to run, The compressor should be equipped with a high-pressure cutout switch and motor overload protection. OPTIONAL noUTING WHEN 7 ‘Loon met USED) J" Lowe L00F266 ™ Section 6 Residential and Commercial Equipment + PI ie RI MOTE THE COMPRESSOR P45 IgMan HEATING SecTION Fig. 21-15 High side located below low side PLENUM Fig. 21-6 Reverse flow piping in crawl spaceUnit 21 Installing an Air-cooled, Self-contained Unit ™ 267 SUMMARY Installing Self-contained, Air-cooled Units * Prepare the unit by uncrating it, adjusting the fan as required, and remov- ing the shipping holddown bolts from the compressor base. © Install the unit in one of three possible locations: 1, Inside the building: Provide a wall opening for condenser air Construct a platform for the unit Provide for the disposal of condensate Install a sound isolation pad 2, Projecting through the wall of the building: Construct a wall opening Construct a solid base or platform for the unit Provide for the disposal of condensate Install a sound isolation pad 3. Outside the building: Provide a wall opening for the supply and return ducts. Construct a weatherproof concrete base to serve as a unit platform Provide for condensate disposal Install a sound isolation pad * Set the unit * Connect the unit to the power supply ‘* Seal and weatherproof the wall opening Installing an Air-cooled Condenser ‘© Install the condenser indoors or outdoors. 1. An outdoor installation may require an air deflector. 2. An indoor installation requires a condenser discharge duct to the ‘outdoors. * Install the refrigerant piping ‘Complete the wiring of the fan motor and condenser.