UNIT 6 PSYCHROMETRICS AND THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART OBJECTIVES After completing the study of this unit, the student will be able to © define psycaromtrics . © define the terms dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, relative humidity, grains of moisture, and dewpoint temperature. ‘* identify the lines and scales which represent these terms on the psychrometric chart, ‘© use a psychrometri: chart to determine the conditions of air. Psychrometrics ts the determination and measurement of the properties of air | As applied to air conditioning, psychrometrics is concerned with the properties of the outside air and air that ix present in the conditioned room or building. The principles of psychrometrics are also used to determine the air conditions that are most com- fortable in a given air-conditioning application. PSYCHROMETRIC CHART The psychrometric chart is 2 tool which simplifies the measurement of air proper- ties. The chart also elimina‘es many time-consuming and tedious calculations. Various airconditioning equipment manufacturers provide slightly different forms of the chart. The differences between the charts usually concern the location of information. All psychrometric charts are basically @ graphic representation of the conditions or properties of air. These coniitions include temperature, humidity, and condensation point (or dewpoint). A fuil-size psychrometric chart is included in the envelope attached to the back cover of “he text. PSYCHROMETRIC TERMS: ‘The properties that can ve determined from the psychrometric chart are: dry- bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, relative humidity, dewpoint, and grains of moisture.36 ™ Section 2 Psychrometrics WHEN THE TEMPERATURE ‘THE CAPITAL LETTER F OF THE BULS INCREASES, FOLLOWING THE NUMBERS — THE LIQUID IN THE BULE REFERS TO A’FAHRENHEIT EXPANDS AND RISES IN TEMPERATURE SCALE THE STEM THE BULB IS THE 10° nance ———+ [SENSITIVE PORTION OF ‘THE INSTRUMENT Fig. 6-1 Dry-bulb thermometer THE CLEAN COTTON WICK ABSORAS WATER. EVAPORATION OF THIS WATER REDUCES THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WICK. ‘THE RESULTANT TEMPERATURE IS INDICATED 8Y THE MERCURY IN THE ‘THERMOMETER STEM CLOTH WICK ‘THE MERCURY COLUMN CHANGES HEIGHT INSIDE ‘THE THERMOMETER STEM avr Fig. 62 Wet-bulb thermometer The dry-bulb temperature is the temperature of the air as measured by an ordinary houschold thermometer, figure 6 ‘The wer-bulb temperature is the temperature of the air as measured by an ordi- nary thermometer whose glass bulb is covered by @ cloth sock, figure 6-2. The sock- covered bulb is then dipped into water so that the bulb is wet when the temperature reading is taken, ‘The temperature is recorded after the thermometer is moved rapidly in the air. Except for the sock, a wet-bulb thermometer is the same as a dry-bulb or ordinary thermometer. To measure wet- or dry-bulb temperatures, a sling psy- chrometer is used, figure 6-3. The two thermometers of the psychrometer are mounted on a base plate as shown in figure 6-3. The thermometer with the sock over the bulb is the wet-bulb ther- mometer. The wet-bulb thermometer extends below the dry-bulb thermometer so that the sock can be dipped in water without wetting the dry-bulb thermometer. After the sock is dipped in water, the two thermometers are moved quickly through the air until the water evaporates from the sock. Although the air passingUnit 6 Psychrometrics and the Psychrometric Chart © 37 "THE TWO THERMOMETERS SHOULD BE MATCHED BY THE MANUFACTURER: THAT IS, WHEN THE WICK IS REMOVED AND BOTH THERMOMETERS ARE EXPOSED TO DAY-BULB CONDITIONS THE READINGS OBTAINED SHOULD BE EXACTLY HANDLE IS FIRMLY INSTRUMENT IS ROTATED GRASPED AND ABOUT 2TOSTIMESPER THERMOMETERS SECOND UNTIL READINGS ARE SWUNG ATTAIN CONSTANT VALUES Fig. 63 Sting psychrometer over the dry-bulb has the same temperature as the air passing over the wet-bulb, the temperature registered by the two thermometers is not the same. The dry-bulb ther- mometer always registers the actual air temperature, The wet-bulb thermometer registers a temperature that is lower than the dry-bulb reading. The key to the-difference in the temperature readings of the thermometers is the word evaporation. Unit 2 described the evaporation process and its effects. Recall from the discussion in unit 2 that as moisture evaporates from a surface, heat is re- moved from that surface. In the case of the sling psychrometer, moisture evaporates from the wet sock of the wet-bulb thermometer. Thus, the surface of the thermometer bulb is cooled, resulting in a lower wet-bulb thermometer reading, The temperature spread between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb readings depends on the amount of moisture in the air. If the moisture content is high, water evapora- tion from the sock on the wet-bulb thermometer occurs at a slower rate. Consequent- ly, less heat is removed and the wet-bulb reading is high (closer to the dry-bulb reading). If the moisture content of the air is low, the air is dry and can readily absorb moisture. ‘Therefore, evaporation from the wet sock takes place at a rapid pace and more heat is removed. As a result, the surface of the wet-bulb cools rapidly and the reading on the wet-bulb thermometer is lower than the reading for air containing more moisture. Dry air or air with a low moisture content has a low wet-bulb temperature. Humid air or air with a high moisture content, has a high wet-bulb temperature. Thus, it can be seen that when the moisture content reaches 100% (100% relative humidity), the wet-bulb temperature is the same as the dry-bulb temperature. This condition is readily apparent on the psychrometric chart. At 100% relative humidity, evaporation stops because the air can absorb no more moisture. Therefore, it is not possible to remove heat by evaporation from the sock on the wet-bulb thermometer, and the two thermometers register the same temperature, Relative humidity is the actual amount of moisture in the air compared to the total or maximum moisture the air can hold. Grains of moisture is the unit of measurement of the amount of moisture in the air.38 © Section 2 Psychrometrics Dewpoint temperature is the temperature at which moisture condenses on @ face. ‘When related to the psychrometric chart, the terms defined in the preceding paragraphs can give a great deal of information about the condition of the air. Con- sider the following situations: '* If the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are known, the relative humidity can be read from the chart. If the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity are known, the wet-bulb temperature can be determined. If the wet-bulb temperature and the relative humidity are known, the dry-bulb temperature can be found. If the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures are known, the dewpoint can be found. If the wet-bulb temperature and the relative humidity are known, the dewpoint ‘can be read from the chart. If the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity are known, the dewpoint can be found. The grains of moisture in the air can be determined if any of the following com- binations of readings are known: Dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity (RH) Dry-bulb temperature and dewpoint Wet-bulb temperature and relative humidity Wet-bulb temperature and dewpoint Dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures Dewpoint alone IDENTIFICATION OF THE SCALES ON THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART The psychrometric chart can be pictured as a shoe with the toe on the eft and the heel on the right, figure é 8 oe The dry-bulb temperature scale, figure 6-5A, extends along the sole from the toe tothe heel. Thedry-bulb yog = lines are perpendicular to the sole. ‘SOLE Each line represents one di f rey one degree of Fig. 64 jure change. ‘The wet-bulb scale, figure 6-5B, extends along the instep from the toe to the top ‘of the shoe, The wet-bulb lines extend diagonally downward to the sole and the back of the shoe. Each line represents one degree of temperature change. ‘The condensation or dewpoint scale, figure 6-SC, extends from the sole to the top of the shoe. Each line is parallel to the sole and represents one dewpoint temperature. ‘The relative humidity lines, figure 6-5D, follow approximately the same curve as the instep. The instep line itself is actually the line representing 100% relative humicity. The grains of moisture lines, figure 6-5E, are the same as the dewpoint lines. Haney the scale for the grains of moisture line, as shown on the right of the chart. are different.Unit 6 Psychrometrics and the Psychrometric Chart ® 39 (a) DRY-BULB‘40 ® Section 2 Psychometrics SOLVING PROBLEMS USING THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART Problems 1-7 illustrate the various relationships between the wet-bulb tempera- ture, the dry-bulb temperature, the dewpoint temperature, relative humidity, and the grains of moisture. The psychrometric chart in the back cover envelope of this'text is to be used to follow the solution to each problem. PROBLEM 1 ‘1 Dry-bulb and Wet-bulb Temperatures — Relative Humidity Given Dry-bulb temperature 78°F Wet-bulb temperature 65°F Find Relative humidity Solution 1, Locate 78°F on the dry-bulb scale at the bottom of the chart, figu.> 6-6A. 2. At 78°F, draw a line perpendicular to the sole until it meets the curved line (instep), figure 6-6B. 3. Move down the instep (wet-bulb scale) to 65°F, figure 6-6C. 4. Draw a line diagonally along the 65°F wet-bulb line until it crosses the 78°F dry-bulb line, figure 6-6D. 5. Read 50% relative humidity at the intersection of the dry- and wet-bulb lines, figure 6-6E, Thus, at the conditions of 78°F dry-bulb and 65°F wet-bulb tempera- tures, the relative humidity is 50%, figure 6-6F. é - (ay (8) (ce) ww & omreas FF one 78 oes TFUnit 6 Psychrometrics and the Psychrometric Chart ® 41 PROBLEM 2 Dry-bulb Temperature, Relative Humidity ~ Wet-bulb Temperature Given Dry-bulb temperature 78°F Relative humidity 50% Find Wet-bulb temperature Solution 1. Locate 78°F on the dry-bulb scale at the bottom of the chart; figure GTA. 2, Draw a line from the 78°F line perpendicular to the sole until it inter- sects with the 50% RH line, figure 6-7B. 3, Locate the wet-bulb line that is closest to the intersection of the 78°F dry-bulb line and the 50% RH line, figure 6-7C. 4, Follow the wet-bulb line diagonally upward to the wet-bulb scale on the instep, figure 6-7D, 5. The wet-bulb temperature at that point is 65°F, figure 6-7E. ‘Thus, at @ dry-bulb temperature of 78°F and 50% RH, the wet-bulb temperature is 65°F, figure 6-7F. (a) (B) S (c) ‘ORY-BULB ‘ORY- BULB 78°F ORY-BULS: Te°F (Dd) (e) (F) oe, @) ee ee ee | DRY-BULB Ter ‘ORY-BULB 78°F ‘ORY-BULB 78°F42 ™ Section 2 Psychrometrics PROBLEM 3 Wet-bulb Temperature, Relative Humidity — Dry-bulb Temperature Given Wet-bulb temperature 65°F Relative humidity 50% Find Dry-bulb temperature Solution 1, Locate 65°F on the wet-bulb scale, figure 6-8A. 2. Draw a line diagonally downward to the 50% RH line, figuré 6-8B. 3. Locate the dry-bulb line that is closest to the intersection of the 65°F wet-bulb line and the 50% RH line, figure 6-8C. 4. Follow the dry-bulb line down to the dry-bulb scale, figure 6-8D. 5. The dry-bulb temperature at that point is 78°F, figure 6-8E. Thus, at the conditions of a 65°F wet-bulb temperature and 50% RH, the dry-bulb temperature is 78°F, figure 6-8F. (a) esr Fig. 6-8 Problem 3Unit 6 Psychrometrics and the Psychrometric Chart ® 43 PROBLEM 4 Dry-bulb Temperature, Wet-bulb Temperature — Dewpoint Given Dry-bulb temperature 78°F Wet-bulb temperature 65°F Find Dewpoint Solution 1. Find the intersection of the 78°F dry-bulb line and the 65°F wet-bulb line, figure 6-94. 2. Follow the horizontal dewpoint line from the intersection to the in- step line, figure 6-9B. 3, The dewpoint temperature is read as 58°F, figure 6-9C, ‘Thus, at the conditions of a 78°F dry-bulb temperature and a 65°F wet-bulb temperature, the dewpoint temperature is 58°F. wT | Ati DRY-BULB 78 F wer- sue (8) ser, seer, ORY-BULB 1eF Fig. 6-9 Problem 444 ™ Section 2 Psychrometrics PROBLEM 5 Wet-bulb Temperature, Relative Humidity — Dewpoint Given Wet-bulb temperature 65°F Relative humidity 50% Find Dewpoint Solution 1. Locate 65°F on the wet-bulb scale, figure 6-10A. 2. Follow the wet-bulb temperature line diagonally downward until it intersects with the 50% RH line, figure 6-10B. 3. Locate the dewpoint line at the intersection of the wet-bulb and rela- tive humidity lines, figure 6-10C. +4. Follow the horizontal dewpoint line to the instep fine and read the dewpoint temperature as 58°F, figure 6-10D. ‘Thus, at the conditions of a 65°F wet-bulb temperature and 50% RH, the dewpoint temperature is 58°F. weT-BuLB (8) 65, weT-BULB weT-BuL8 SF & wt (c) & (DEWPOINT Fig. 6-10 Problem 5Unit 6 Psychrometrics and the Psychrometric Chart ® 45 As shown in Problem 3, the same conditions of 65°F wet-bulb temperature and 50% RH result in a dry-bulb temperature of 78°F. Thus, the same set of conditions can be used to determine more than one other condition. So far, the wet-bulb temper- ature and the relative humidity have been used to find the dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures. PROBLEM 6 Given Find Solution 1, 2 3 the dewpoint temperature is 58°F. (8) OnY-BULB 78 Dry-bulb Temperature, Relative Humidity — Dewpoint Dry-bulb temperature 78°F Relative humidity 50% Dewpoint Find the intersection of the 78°F dry-bulb line and the 50% RH line, figure 6-11A. Follow the horizontal dewpoint line to the instep line, figure 6-11B. Read the dewpoint temperature, 58°F, figure 6-11C. Thus, at the conditions of a 78°F dry-bulb temperature and 50% RH, (ay oRy- Bu Fig, 6-11 Problem 646 ™ Section 2 Prychrometrics ‘As shown in Pfoblem 2, the same conditions of 78°F dry-bulb temperature and 50% RH result in a wet-bulb temperature of 65°F. Thus, the same temperature con- ditions can be used to find more than one other condition. To this point, the dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity have been used to find the’ wet-bulb and dewpoint temperatures. PROBLEM 7 Dry-bulb and Wet-bulb Temperatures — Grains of Moisture Given Dry-bulb temperature 78°F Wet-bulb temperature 65°F Find Grains of Moisture Solution 1, Find the intersection of the 78°F dry-bulb and 65°F wet-bulb lines, figure 6-12A. 2. Follow the horizontal grains of moisture line to the right (back of the shoe), figure 6-12B. 3. Stop at the first column of numbers which is the grains of moisture scale. Read the value of 72 grains of moisture, figure 6-12C Thus, at the conditions of 78°F dry-bulb and 65°F wet-bulb tempera- tures, the moisture in the air is 72 grains. GRAINS oF MOISTURE io 3 fd WET-BULB 8 oF z 2 g a 2 S = ony-6uLB—~=«78*F Fig. 6-12 Problem 7Unit 6 Psychrometrics and the Psychrometric Chart ™ 47 Problem 7 shows how to find the grains of moisture in the air using the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures. The value for the grains of moisture can also be found using other combinations of psychrometric properties. ‘The combinations are listed as follows, ‘- dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity * dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures « wet-bulb temperature and relative humidity ‘© wet-bulb and dewpoint temperatures For each combination, simply find-the intersection of the lines given and follow the point across the chart to the grains of moisture scale. Grains of Moisture Per Pound of Dry Air or Per Cubic Foot of Air Refer to figure 6-13A and note that the words “grains of moisture per pound of dry air” appear at the top of the scale. This means that at the conditions of a 78°F dry-bulb temperature and 65°F wet-bulb temperature, the air holds 72 grains of moisture per pound. Test ete? (a) (D) (F) verona Fig, 6-13 Problem 8 PROBLEM 8 Moisture in the air can be measured per pound of air or per cubic foot of air. To find the moisture in a cubic foot of air, use the conditions given (78°F dry-bulb and 65°F wet-bulb temperatures) and proceed as follows 1. Find ii intersection of the 78°F dry-bulb and the 65°F wet-bulb temperatures, figure 6-13A.48 ™ Section 2 Prychrometrics » . Follow the horizontal grains of moisture line to the right to the grains of moisture scale. . Read 72 grains at this point. }. Find the cubic foot scale along the sole of the shoe, figure 6-13B. The scale starts at 12.5 cubic feet and ends at 14.0 cubic feet. The cu, ft. lines extend diagonally from the sole of the shoe to the instep, figure 6-13C. . Again locate the intersection of the 78°F dry-bulb and 65°F wet-bulb lines, figure 6-13D. . Draw a line parallel to the cu. ft. line from the point of intersection located in step 5 to the sole of the shoe, figure 6-13E. The line crosses the sole at a point that is more than halfway between 13.5 and 14 on the cubic foot scale. Assume that the reading is 13.8 cubic feet. . Divide 72 grains by 13.8 cubic feet, figure 6-13F. Thus, the moisture in the air = 72 + 13.8 = 5 grains per cubic foot (approximately). At 78°F dry-bulb temperature and 65°F wet-bulb temperature, the moisture in the air can be read as 72 grains per pound or 5 grains per cubic foot. SUMMARY + Psychrometrics is the study of the properties of air, * The psychrometric chart simplifies the measurement of air properties. * The psychrometric chart is @ graphic representation of air properties and conditions, figure 6-14. Fig. 6-14 Summary of the components of the pyschrometric chartUnit 6 Psychrometrics and the Psychrometrie Chart ™ 49 ~ Drybulb and wetbulb temperatures, relative humidity, dewpoint, and grains of moisture are common psychrometric terms, If the values of any two of the psychrometric terms are known, the value of any other term can be found on the psychrometric chart. « The psychrometric chart is shaped like a boot, figure 6-14. The sole is the dry-bulb temperature scale; the instep curve is the wet-bulb temperature ‘and dewpoint temperature scale; the humidity lines are approximately parallel to the instep curve and follow along th~ side of the shoe; the grains ‘of moisture scale is along the back of the shoe. ‘« The dry-bulb temperature lines are vertical on the chart; the wet-bulb temperature lines are diagonal; the dewpoint and grains of moisture lines are horizontal. For the wet-bulb thermometer, the bulb end of the thermometer is kept moist by a wet sock when the temperature reading is taken. ‘A wet-bulb thermometer registers a lower temperature than a dry-bulb thermometer except at 100% RH. © The bulb surface of a wet-bulb thermometer is cooled by the effect of moisture evaporating from the wet sock. ‘The wet-bulb temperature is higher in wet air than it is in dry air at the same temperature. © The amount of cooling that takes place at the bulb depends upon the wunt of moisture in the air. At 100% RH, cooling ceases because the air is saturated and can no longer absorb moisture from the wet sock. REVIEW Use the psychrometric chart provided in the back cover pocket of this text to solve the following problems. 1. Find the relative humidity 2. Find the wet-bulb temperature DB ws |_RH DB Ra | we | = Lor | sor | [a [ar [34% b. | 70°F | °F b. | 78°F 96% «| OF | OF | 79°F | 62% a. | 79°F | 705°F a. | 70°F 9% Le [sor | 56°F e 40% 3. Find the dry-bulb temperature. 4. WB RH | DB a 70°F 80% b. | 207F | 10% | ce. | 75°F 50% a. | 30°F | 20% | e. | 62F 65% _|50 Section 2 Psychrometrics 5. Find the grains of moisture DB we | Grit. #2 80°F | 6S°F b, 70°F | 61°F e [lr | Fr a | 0F | wr Le [as | oF . Supply the missing values. DB we | RH pp __| Grp. x TSF 59 gr. b. 61°F | 45% c 85°F 60% a. | 68°F 24°F & 71°F 63 gr. 1: 12% 10gr. & 90% | oer hn | _98F | 180 gr. i, 83°F_| 53°F i 30% 10 gr. Solve the following problems using the psychrometric chart as needed. 7. a. How many grains of water vapor equal | Ib.? b.0.01 Ib.? ¢, 0,001 Ib, - . How many pounds do the following quantities of moisture equal? a. 14 grains c. 3,500 grains b. 70 grains 4. 70,000 grains . Under saturated conditions, how much more water vapor can 60°F air hold than 30°F air? . A room air conditioner is started when the temperature is 75°F and the RH is 70%. a. How much moisture does the air contain? b, After three hours of operation, the temperature is 70°F and the RH is 50°. ‘How much moisture was removed from the air? |. A homeowner complains of dryness resulting from the hot ait heating syste, ‘When checked, the dry-bulb temperature is 72°F and the wet-bulb temperature is 48°F, .a, What is the relative humidity? 'b. How much moisture must be added to the system to bring the RH to 50%?UNIT 7 APPLICATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC TERMS OBJECTIVES After completing the study of this unit, the student will be able to * apply and use the psychrometric terms humidity, dewpoint, and wet bulb. * given a set of conditions, determine the remaining psychometric conditions. Unit 6 described the basic psychrometric terms and pointed out their locations and relationships on the psychrometric chart. Unit 7 shows how these terms and the psychrometric chart can be put to practical use. If the chart is to be used efficiently, the technician must understand the working uses of several of the psychrometric terms that can be determined from it, These terms are humidity, dewpoint, and wet-bulb temperature. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE TERM HUMIDITY. As stated previously, relative humidity indicates the amount of moisture in the air. This condition is an important factor in comfort air conditioning. ‘The phrase comfort air conditioning is another way of describing air conditioning that provides comfort for the human body rather than air conditioning that is used for an industrial process. Experiments have shown that certain combinations of moisture and air tempera- ture within narrow ranges are more comfortable than other combinations. In winter, for example, 30% to 35% relative humidity at 72° to 75°F represents the indoor combination of moisture and temperature that is comfortable for most people. In summer, comfortable conditions occur at 45% to 50% relative humidity and approxi- mately 75° to 78°F. By applying this knowledge of the psychrometric chart, it is possible to determine what must be done to the outside air before it can be supplied to the room of con- ditioned space to maintain the most comfortable combination of moisture and temperature. The following problems show how air is conditioned to achieve the desired comfort conditions. Problem 1 describes a simple winter heating operation in which a furnace, a boiler, or a heating coil adds heat. At the same time, a humidifier, water pan, or water spray adds moisture to the air. PROBLEM 1 WINTER AIR CONDITIONING Given Outdoor d-y-bulb temperature 30°F Outdoor relative humidity __20% 5152 ™ Section 2 Prychrometrics Find (a) The combination of moisture and éry-bulb temperature that falls within the indoor comfort conditions for winter (30% to 35% RH and 72°F to 75°F). (b) The treatment required to change the outdoor air to meet the inside comfort conditions. Solution . 1. Place a dot on the psychrometric chart at the intersection of the dry- bulb temperature (30°F) and the 20% RH line, figure 7-1A. 2, Place a dot at the intersection of a dry-bulb line and a relative humidity line that fall within the indoor comfort condition range for winter (30% RH and 72°F), figure 7-1B. 3. Draw a line between the two dots, figure 7-1C. 4. By following the line from the first to the second intersection, it is evident that several changes must be made to bring the air to the desired temperature and relative humidity, figure 7-1D. (@) The relative humidity must be increased by adding 20% to 30% moisture. = (b) Heat must be added to bring the dry-bulb temperature from 30°F to 72°F. fa) (8) B= 3dr 08 Dee sdF os 72 08 GRAINS OF MOISTURE o (ce) 36 GRAINS SGRAINS de> sro 72F OB 31 GRAINS ‘ADDED 32 DEGREES ADOED ton Fig. 74Unit 7 Application of Psychrometric Terms ™ 53 Problem 2 shows a simple summer cooling operation in which a cooling coil re- moves both moisture and heat from the air. PROBLEM 2 SUMMER AIR CONDITIONING Given Outdoor dry-bulb temperature 85°F Outdoor relative humidity 70% Find - (a) The combination of moisture (RH) and dry-bulb temperature that falls within the indoor comfort conditions for summer (45% to SO% RH and 75°F to 78°F). (b) The treatment that is required to change the outside air to meet the inside comfort conditions. Solution 1, Place a dot on the psychrometric chart at the intersection of the 70% RH line and the 85°F dry-bulb temperature, figure 7-2A. 2. Place a dot at the intersection of values for the relative humidity and the dry-bulb temperature that fall within the indoor comfort range for summer (50% RH and 75°F), figure 7-2B. (ay ‘esr 08 GRAINS OF MOISTURE o 130 GRAINS {c) 65 GRAINS 65 GRAINS REMOVED 708 aS OB rr) 08 ‘Gotonees Fig. 72 REMOVED54 ® Section 2 Psychrometrics 3, Draw a line between the two dots, figure 7-2C. 4, Follow the line from the first to the second intersection points and note that several changes must be made to bring the air to the desired inside condition, figure 7-2D. (a) Since the relative humidity decreases from 70% to 50%, moisture must be removed from the air. (b) Since the temperature decreases from 85°F to 75°F, heat must be removed. Problems 1 and 2 show the working relationship between relative humidity and dry-bulb temperature. If the relative humidity is maintained within the established comfort range (30% to 35% for winter and 45% to 50% for summer), the occupant in the air-conditioned space will be comfortable. ‘Using given temperature conditions, the psychrometric chart can be used, as in Problem 3, to find the value of relative humidity at which condensation forms on cold surfaces. PROBLEM 3 CONDENSATION IN WINTER: Given Window surface temperature 30°F Indoor temperature TYE Find The relative humidity at which condensation will not form on windows. Solution 1, Use the window temperature as the dewpoint temperature, and locate 30°F on the dewpoint scale, figure 7-3A. 2. Find the intersection of the 30°F dewpoint line and the 72°F dry-bulb temperature line, figure 7-3B. 3, Read the relative humidity at the point of intersection: the relative humidity is approximately 20%, figure 7-3C. In other words, at 72°F, a relative humidity up to 20% keeps the windows dry. If the humidity is above 20%, moisture forms. In fact, under these conditions, moisture forms on any surface at a temperature of 30°F. Fig. 73.