SALT ANALYSIS
PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS
Experiments Observation Inference
1. Colour of salt is a)blue Cu2+ may be present
noted b)pink Mn2+ may be present
c)colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
2. A little of salt is a)a colourless gas which Presence of carbonate
strongly heated in a turns lime water milky
dry test tube
b)a colourless gas with Presence of sulphide
the smell of burn sulphur
c) violet vapour Presence of iodide
d)smell of ammonia Presence of ammonium
salt
3. Flame test: A little a)blue or bluish Presence of copper ion
of salt is made into
paste with one or
two drops of conc
HCl in a watch b)pale green Presence of barium ion
glass .A little of
paste is shown in
flame by platinum c) brick red Presence of calcium ion
wire
IDENTIFICATION OF ANION
Experiment observation Inference
1. Action of dil. HCl Brisk effervescence with CO32- is identified
Take a pinch of the the evolution of
salt and add dil.HCl colourless odourless gas
which turns moist blue
litmus red.
1
Pass the evolved gas A milky turbidity is CO32- is confirmed
through lime water formed
solution
2. Action of dil H2SO4 Smell of vinegar Acetate is identified
: A little of the
mixture is rubbed
well with dil.H2SO4
in watch glass and
note the smell
3. Action of A colourless gas with Cl – is identified
con.H2SO4:Add a pungent odour evolves
few drops of con out
H2SO4 to a pinch of
salt and heat the
content .
A glass rod moistened Dense white fumes is Cl – is identified
with NH4OH is produced
brought near the
mouth of the test tube
4. Action of Reddish brown fumes NO3- is identified
conc.H2SO4 with with irritating smell
copper turnings or
paper ball
Add few drops of conc
.H2SO4 to a pinch of
salt ,heat and then add
Cu turnings or paper
ball
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT: Mix the given salt
with Na2CO3in 1:3 ratio and add about 20ml distilled water. Boil for sometime
and filter. The filtrate is sodium carbonate extract.
Action of BaCl2:
5a)Neutralize about 5ml of Curdy white ppt is obtained Sulphate is
sodium carbonate extract which is insoluble in con identified
with dil HCl and add BaCl2 HCl/ con HNO3
2
solution to it.
b)to the extract acidified White ppt is obtained which Sulphate ion is
with acetic acid add lead is insoluble in ammonium confirmed
acetate acetate
Confirmatory test for acetate
The sodium carbonate Wine red colouration is Acetate ion is confirmed
extract is neutralized with obtained which turns
dil HNO3 then add reddish brown ppt on
neutralise FeCl3 solution heating
Confirmatory test for chloride
Na2CO3 extract is A curdy white ppt Cl- is confirmed
neutralized with dil HNO3
and add AgNO3
Confirmatory test for nitrate
Na2CO3 extract is A brown ring appeared Nitrate is confirmed
neutralized with dil HCl at the junction of the two
and add freshly prepared liquid
solution of ferrous
sulphate. Add con.H2SO4
from the side of the test
tube
3
Preparation of original solution(O.S) : original solution of salt is prepared in water
as it is soluble in water
IDENTIFICATION OF CATION
1)To a pinch of salt add A colourless gas with Zero group present
NaOH solution and heat it pungent odour NH4+ identified
gently
Confirmatory test
a) A glass rod dipped in Dense white fumes NH4+ is confirmed
con HCl is brought evolved
near the mouth of
test tube
b) Original solution + Brown solution or ppt NH4+ is confirmed
nesslers reagent
2)O.S +HCl White ppt is obtained Group I is present
Filter the content dissolve
the residue in hot water and
divide into two parts
Confirmatory test
a) To the first part add Yellow ppt formed Pb2+ confirmed
potassium chromate
solution
b)to the second part add KI Yellow ppt .this yellow Pb2+ confirmed
solution ppt dissolves on boiling
and reappears as golden
spangles on cooling
4
3) pass H2S through the
above solution No ppt Absence of group II
4) Boil off H2S gas from A gelatinous white ppt is
the above solution add con observed +Group III present (Al3+
HNO3 and boil add a pinch identified)
of NH4Cl and NH4OH in
excess
Filter the contents :Dissolve
the residue in minimum
amount of dil HCl and
divide into two parts
Confirmatory test
a) To the first part , few A floating ppt of blue Al 3+ confirmed
drops of blue litmus colour was observed
solution was added
followed by NH4OH
solution in excess
b) To the second part
add NaOH sln in A gelatinous white ppt
small amount reappears Al 3+ confirmed
,followed by excess
then add solid NH4Cl
and warm
5) Pass H2S gas into the Dull white ppt
above solution Group IV present
Filter the contents dissolve
the ppt in hot and dil HCl
and divide into two parts
Confirmatory test
a) To the first part add White ppt appears which
NaOH solution drop dissolve in excess NaOH Zn2+ confirmed
by drop till excess Solution
5
b) To the second part Bluish white ppt Zn2+ confirmed
add potassium
ferrocyanide sln
6) boil off H2S gas . Add a
pinch of NH4Cl + excess of White ppt Group V present
NH4OH Solution and
excess of (NH4)2CO3
Solution
Filter the contents . Dissove
the residue in minimum
amount of hot and dil acetic
acid .Divide the solution
into three parts
Yellow ppt Ba2+ is confirmed
a) To the first part add
potassium chromate
solution White ppt Sr2+ is confirmed
b) To the second part
add ammonium
sulphate sln White ppt Ca2+ is confirmed
c) To the third part add
ammonium oxalate
sln
A white crystalline ppt Group (VI) is present and
7) Boil the above solution Mg2+ is confirmed
(filtrate of group V)to
reduce the volume. Add a
pinch of solid NH4Cl and
excess of NH4OH solution
and saturated solution of
disodium hydrogen
phosphate. Scratch the
inner wall of test tube with
glass rod
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