Definition of Disaster

A Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases

suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe
disturbances to people, objects and environment,
resulting in loss of life, property and health of the
population.

Such a situation causes disruption in normal pattern

of life, generating misfortune, helplessness and
suffering affecting the socio-economic structure of a
region/country to such an extent that there is a
need for assistance or immediate outside
intervention.
 Disaster (as per DM Act, 2005)

Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap,

calamity or grave occurrence affecting any
area from natural and manmade causes, or
by accident or negligence, which results in
substantial loss of life or human suffering or
damage to, and destruction of property, or
damage to, or degradation of environment
and is of such a nature and magnitude as to
be beyond the capacity of the community of
the affected areas.

3
 Ingredients of a Disaster

 A phenomenon or event which constitutes a trauma

for a population/environment.
 A vulnerable point/area that will bear the brunt of
the traumatizing event.
 The failure of local & surrounding resources to cope
with the problems created by the phenomenon.

 Types of Disasters
 Natural & Manmade
Terminology
 Disaster Risk: The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status,
livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to a particular
community or a society over some specified future time period.

 Disaster Risk Management: The systematic process of using

administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and
capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping
capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the
possibility of disaster.

 Disaster Risk Reduction: The concept and practice of reducing

disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the
causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to
hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise
management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness
for adverse events.
Terminology
 Risk: The combination of the probability of an event and its negative
consequences.

 Risk Assessment: A methodology to determine the nature and

extent of risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing
conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm
exposed people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on
which they depend.

 Risk Management: The systematic approach and practice of

managing uncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss.

 Risk Transfer: The process of formally or informally shifting the

financial consequences of particular risks from one party to another
whereby a household, community, enterprise or state authority will
obtain resources from the other party after a disaster occurs, in
exchange for ongoing or compensatory social or financial benefits
provided to that other party.
Terminology
 Adaptation: The adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities.

 Capacity: The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a
community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals.

 Capacity Development: The process by which people, organizations and society

systematically stimulate and develop their capacities over time to achieve social and
economic goals, including through improvement of knowledge, skills, systems, and
institutions.

 Climate Change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by
using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and
that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be
due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic
changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use”.
Terminology
 Contingency Planning: A management process that
analyses specific potential events or emerging situations that
might threaten society or the environment and establishes
arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and
appropriate responses to such events and situations.

 Coping Capacity: The ability of people, organizations

and systems, using available skills and resources, to face and
manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters.

 Emergency Management: The organization and

management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all
aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response
and initial recovery steps.
Terminology
 Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.

 Mitigation: The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of

hazards and related disasters.

 Preparedness: The knowledge and capacities developed by

governments, professional response and recovery organizations,
communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and
recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events
or conditions.

 Prevention: The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards

and related disasters.
Terminology
 Recovery: The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of
facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities,
including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.

 Resilience: The ability of a system, community or society exposed to

hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of
a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the
preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.

 Response: The provision of emergency services and public assistance

during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health
impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the
people affected.

 Retrofitting: Reinforcement or upgrading of existing structures to

become more resistant and resilient to the damaging effects of hazards.
Terminology
 Structural Measures: Any physical construction to reduce or avoid
possible impacts of hazards, or application of engineering techniques to
achieve hazard-resistance and resilience in structures or systems;

 Non-structural Measures: Any measure not involving physical

construction that uses knowledge, practice or agreement to reduce risks
and impacts, in particular through policies and laws, public awareness
raising, training and education.

 Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the

present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.

 Vulnerability: The characteristics and circumstances of a community,

system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard.
India’s Vulnerability to Disasters
 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these,12% is
vulnerable to severe earthquakes.

 68% land is vulnerable to drought.

 12% land is vulnerable to floods.

 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.

 Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India are

also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and
man-made disasters.
Seismic Activity in India
Tectonic settings of NER,
India and surrounding
regions. The major tectonic
features in the region are
indicated; MCT: Main
Central Thrust, MBT:
Main Boundary Thrust,
DF : Dauki Fault, DT :
Dapsi Thrust, Dh F
:Dudhnoi Fault, OF:
Oldham Fault, CF :
Chedrang Fault, BS:
Barapani Shear Zone, KF:
Kopili Fault, NT : Naga
Thrust, DsT :Disang Thrust
and EBT: Eastern
Boundary Thrust, BL:
Bomdila Lineament. MT:
Mishmi Thrust, LT: Lohit
Thrust, SF: Sagain Fault.
Inset: map of India
indicating the NER, India
 EARTHQUAKES IN THIS REGION
Place Year Magnitude

Earthquake during the reign of king 1772 NA

Rajeshwar Singha
Earthquake during the reign of king 1838 NA
Puranda Singha
Earthquake caused damage in the Rang Ghar at 1841 NA
Sivasagar, Assam
Cachar earthquake 1869 7.5
Great Assam earthquake or Shillong 1897 8.7
earthquake
26-09-2019 Vulnerability Profile of Meghalaya
Srimangal earthquake 1918 7.6
Meghalaya earthquake 1923 7.1

Dhubri earthquake 1930 7.1

Jorhat earthquake 1943 7.3

Arunachal Pradesh 1947 7.7

Assam earthquake 1950 8.5

Manipur-Burma border 1954 7.7

Indo-Burma border earthquake 1957 7

Silchar earthquake of magnitude 1984 5.9

Manipur-Burma border 1988 7

Ind2o6-0-9B urma border

-2019 Vulnerability Profile of Meghalaya
2011 6.4
FLOOD HAZARD MAP OF INDIA
FLOODS PRONE AREAOF MEGHALAYA
 MAJOR RIVERS IN MEGHALAYA

• JINJIRAM • UMNGI
• RONGAI • MULA
• GANOL • KYNSHI
• SIMSANG • WAHBLEI
• DARU • MYNTDU
• BHOGAI • UMNGOT
• KRISHNAI • SHELLA
• UMIAM • KOPILI
 FLOOD PRONE AREAS OF MEGHALAYA
• Western part of Meghalaya like Tikrikilla, Nidanpur,
Phulbari, Rajabala, Garobadha, Hallidaygunj, Bhaitbari,
Fersakandi, Magurmari, Haripur, Silkata, Mahendraganj etc.

• Plain areas near Bangladesh like Baghmara, Balat, Shella,

Dawki etc.Even urban areas like in localized areas of
Shillong, Williamnagar, localized areas of Tura etc.

• Localised areas of West Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills and in Ri-

Bhoi Districts
WIND & CYCLONE HAZARD MAP
WIND HAZARD MAP OF MEGHALAYA
Cyclones may be expected during April &
May and post Monsoon from October to
December.

Practically all Districts are prone to cyclone

hazard
 GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER

 LOSS OF LIFE
 INJURY
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY.
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION.
 DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE
 LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.
 DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES
 DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
 DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS
 NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS
 SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER EFFECT.
 What is DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Earlier we mainly focus on post disaster relief and
rehabilitation measures. Now the focus is shifted. As per
sec.2(e) of DM Act-2005,

Disaster Management means a coordination and integrated

process of planning, organizing, coordinating and
implementing measures which are necessary or expedient
for-
(i) Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster
(ii) Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity
or its consequences
(iii) Capacity building
(iv) Preparedness to deal with any disaster
(v) Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or
disaster
(vi) Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster
(vii) Evacuation, rescue and relief
(viii) Rehabilitation and reconstruction
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

“An applied science which seeks, by the systematic

observation and analysis of disasters, to improve
measures relating to prevention, mitigation,
preparedness, emergency response and recovery.”
Disaster Management Cycle
 RESPONSE
 Response measures are usually those which are taken
immediately prior to and following disaster impact.
 Typical measures include :
◦ Implementation of plans
◦ Activation of the counter-disaster system
◦ Search and Rescue
◦ Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical assistance
etc.
◦ Survey and assessment
◦ Evacuation measures
 RECOVERY

 Recovery is the process by which communities and the nation are

assisted in returning to their proper level of functioning following
a disaster.

 Three main categories of activity are normally regarded as

coming within the recovery segment:
 Restoration
 Reconstruction
 Rehabilitation
 PREVENTION & MITIGATION
 Prevention : Action within this segment is designed to
impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent
such an occurrence having harmful effects on communities
or key installations.

 Mitigation : Action within this segment usually takes the

form of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of
disaster on a nation or community. For instance, some
countries regard the development and application of
building codes (which can reduce damage and loss in the
event of earthquakes and cyclones) as being in the category
of mitigation.
 PREPAREDNESS
Preparedness is usually regarded as comprising measures
which enable governments, organizations, communities and
individuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster
situations.

 Examples of Preparedness measures are :

◦ The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-to-date
counter- disaster plans
◦ Special provisions for emergency action
◦ The provisions of warning systems
◦ Emergency communications
◦ Public education and awareness
◦ Training programs, including exercises and tests.
Principles of Disaster Management

 Risk & Hazard Assessment

 Planning
 Organization
 Resource Utilization
 Need for Specialists
 Training
RISK AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT

 Disaster risk will be a combination of the likelihood of the

event and the vulnerability of a place to that event.

 The hazard assessment will aim to deliver accurate

disaster information about individual locations.
 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Vulnerability to a particular hazard will include :
 Critical products, services, records and operations.
 Hazardous materials
 Potential effects of damage on stakeholders.
 Likely financial costs.
 Resources personnel and time available to make preparations.
 Level of insurance cover.

The combination of hazard and vulnerability assessments will result

in formulating total risk assessment.
 Principles of Disaster Management
 Planning :
◦ to have a clear and logical approach to dealing with
disasters.
◦ to provide common reference for all departments
and authorities with roles.
◦ to assist with information for sitting-up a multi- functional
organizational structure.
◦ to form a basis for coordinated action.
◦ to provide clear allocation of responsibilities.
◦ to form a basis for reviewing and evaluating current and
future
disaster management requirements.
◦ to give a focus for disaster related training.
 Principles of Disaster Management
 Organization :
◦ the nature of National Disaster ManagementAuthority (NDMA)
◦ Utilization of total governmental structures/ resources i.e.National,
State & Local level.
◦ Co-ordination of non governmental resources
◦ Community involvement
◦ Clear lines of Authority and unity of command
◦ Special system requirements.
 Principles of Disaster Management
Organization (Contd.) :
◦ Special system requirements.
 Emergency Operation Center/Control Center
 Direction & CoordinatingAuthority
 Communications
 Warning Systems
 Survey & Assessments
 Information Management
 Emergency Logistics
 Principles of Disaster Management

Resource Utilization :
• Identification of resources
• Assessment of resources with relation to their capability &
availability
• Allocation of appropriate tasks
• Level of skill in handling allotted tasks and experience
• Activation time for deployment/availability
• Co-ordination with line authorities of resource organizations
• Coalition of accurate information for effective deployment of
resources.
 AGENCIES

 Governmental (Including Military both at National & State Level).

 Non Governmental Organizations.
 Community groups both social & religious.
 International Volunteer organisation.
Principles of Disaster Management

Need for Specialists :

Search & Rescue
•Survey & Damage Assessment
•First Aid & Triage
•Mobile Medical & Health Team
•Evacuation
•Animal Husbandry/Veterinary
 Principles of Disaster Management
Need for Specialists (Contd):

– Emergency Welfare
– Emergency Shelter
– Emergency Logistics
– Staff for EOC (Emergency Operating Center)
– Information Management including public information needs.
– Specialists from field of disaster studies and research (Geologists,
Meteorologists, etc.)
 Principles of Disaster Management

Training :
•Identification of Training needs.
•Scope of Training programs.
•Training policy.
•Implementation of training.

Design of training should be compatible to support tasks

required to be performed after a Disaster at three levels.
• Foundational Training
• Team Training
• Combined Organizational Training.
 Areas of Concern

 Activating an Early Warning System network and its

close monitoring

 Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological

and administrative agencies for effective disaster
management

 Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the

event of a rapid onset disaster

 Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply,

communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to
disaster events
 Areas of Concern

 Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.

 Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored.

 Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data,

information and local knowledge on disaster history and
traditional response patterns.

 Need for standardized efforts in compiling and

interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery and early
warning signals.

 Weak areas continue to be forecasting, modelling,risk

prediction, simulation and scenario analysis, etc.
 Areas of Concern
 Absence of a national level, state level, and district level
directory of experts and inventory of resources.

 Absence of a National Disaster Management Plan, and

State level and district level disaster management plans.

 Sustainability of efforts
 Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard
Operating Procedures for stakeholder groups,
especially critical first responder agencies.

 Emergency medicine, critical care medicine, triage, first

aid
 Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
 Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
 Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
1. Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
 Epidemics : Ministry of Health and FamilyWelfare
 Avian Flu: Ministry of Health,Ministry of Environment,
Ministry of Agriculture andAnimal Husbandry
 Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests
 Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
 Rail Accidents :Ministry of Railways
 Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
 Fire : Ministry of HomeAffairs
 Nuclear Incidents : Department ofAtomic Energy
 Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
Directions for Disaster Management
 The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
has been set up as the apex body for Disaster
Management in India, with the Prime Minister as its
Chairman.

 Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the

State and District Levels to be headed by the Chief
Ministers and Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen
respectively.
 Disaster Management Act, 2005
# Institutional Mechanism
 NDMA, SDMA, DDMA
 NEC,SEC
 NDRF
# Financial Arrangements
 National Disaster Response Fund, State Disaster Response Fund and District
Disaster Response Fund
 National Disaster Mitigation Fund & similar such fund at state and district
levels
 Capacity Building Grant
 Response Reserve (to be created)
# Capacity Development - NIDM
Other institutions:
 Civil Defense
 Fire Services
 Home Guards
Disaster Management Policy, Plans & Guidelines
• National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009

• National Action Plan on Climate Change-Issued by MOEF

• Drought Manual –Prepared jointly by MOA/ NIDM and issued

by MOA.

• Guidelines- 26 guidelines issued by NDMA.

• National Disaster Management Plan

• State and District Disaster Management Plans

Guidelines on Preparedness and Response (Checklist )
 Vulnerability assessment  Community participation
 Dissemination of warning  Evacuation Plan
 Emergency Response  Activating EOCs
activities  Search & Rescue Teams
 Coordination  Communication
 Rapid Damage Assessment  Identification of Nodal
 Maintenance of essential Officer
services  Status of SDRF
 Stocking of essential  Preparedness Drill
commodities
 Medicines
 Drinking water
 Shelter/Camps
 Hazard Specific Mitigation Projects
• National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project – under implementation in
Odisha and Andhra Pradesh (Phase-I); Phase II being planned for Kerala,
Gujarat, West Bengal and Maharashtra
• National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project - Under implementation on
a pilot basis

• Strengthening of Fire Services – Being finalized

• Flood Management Program: Ministry of Water Resources

• Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project: Ministry of Environment

and Forests
 Technological inputs
Nodal agencies for forecasting and early warning
dissemination
Disaster Agency Ministry
Cyclone Indian Meteorological Department Earth Sciences

Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Earth Sciences

Information Services
Earthquake India Meteorological Department Earth Sciences

Floods Central Water Commission Water Resources

Landslides Geological Survey of India Mines
Avalanche DRDO Defence
 Preparedness and Response
• IDRN
• Advance procurement of material and equipment
• Early warning of different disasters
• Identification of potential hazard
• Dissemination of early warning
• Evacuation

• Emergency Communication Plan - to provide last mile connectivity

• NEOC/ SEOCs/DEOCs for effective coordination during disaster

response

• Nodal Ministries/Departments for forecasting of various

Disasters
 Preparedness (Contd)

Response Mechanism:
• Cabinet committee on management of Natural
Calamities
• National Crisis Management Committee
• NEC
• State Government
-SEC
-DDMA
-Sub-district Administration SDM/Tehsildar, PRIs, ULBs, police,
civil defence, fire services, home guards, NCC, NYK, Red Cross and
civil society organisations)
• NDR Force
• SDR Force
 Lessons Learnt

 Be Prepared: Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield

more effective returns than distributing relief after a
disaster.

 Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention.

 Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders

 Future Directions
 Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks

 Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more

effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS,
NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence,
Homeguards)

 Increased capacity building leads to faster

vulnerability reduction.

 Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,

mitigation and disaster response
 Future Directions
 Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,Women’s
Groups,Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions

 Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock drills and

Scenario Analysis

 Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices

 Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management

 Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly

and disabled friendly disaster management

 Technology driven but people owned

 Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good

practices

 Public Private Partnership

 Key issues

 Priority during 'non-disaster' phase

 Inventory management
 Maintenance of equipment
 Inter-institutional coordination
 Operationalization of EOCs
 Community involvement
 Role of PRIs and ULBs
 Dealing with media
Seasonality Calendar
Vulnerability Profile of Meghalaya

 CycloneVulnerability
 FloodVulnerability
 FireVulnerability
 Industrial (Chemical)Vulnerability
 EarthquakeVulnerability
 TsunamiVulnerability
 DroughtVulnerability
 UrbanVulnerability
 HeatWaveVulnerability
Organogram of DM authorities from center to state/district
Organogram of DM authorities from center to state/district
The District Disaster Management Plan [DDMP]

 The District is primarily responsible for the management of

natural and human-caused disasters identified above at the
District level and has a shared responsibility with the State
Government for preparedness and for identified
catastrophic disasters. For this it is need for preparation of a
Disaster Management Plan, with detailed operational
procedure of each department.

 The District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) is the guide

for achieving the objective i.e. mitigation, preparedness,
response and recovery. This Plan needs to be prepared to
respond to disasters with sense of urgency in a planned way
to minimize human, property and environmental loss.
The District Disaster Management Plan addressing on
these issues.
 Objectives of the DDMP
 To identify the areas vulnerable to major types of the hazards in the
district.
 To adopt proactive measures at district level by all the govt.
departments to preventdisaster and mitigate its effects.
 To define and assign the different tasks and responsibilities to
stakeholders during the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases of the
disaster.
 To enhance disaster resilience of the people in the district by way of
capacity building.
 Reduce the loss of public and private property, especially critical
facilities and infrastructure, through proper planning.
 Manage future development to mitigate the effect of natural hazards in
the district.
 To set up an Emergency Operations Centre at the District level to
function effectively in search, rescue,response.
 To develop the standardized mechanism to respond to disaster
situation to manage the disaster efficiently.
 Objectives of the DDMP

 To set up an early warning system so as to prepare the

community to deal with the disaster and responsive
communication system based upon fail-proof proven
technology.
 To prepare a response plan based upon the guidelines issued in the
State Disaster Management Plan so as to provide prompt relief, rescue
and search support in the disaster affected areas.
 To adopt disaster resilient construction mechanism in the district by
way of using Information, Education and Communication for making
the community aware of the need of disaster resilient future
development.
 To make the use of media in disaster management.
 Rehabilitation plan of the affected people and reconstruction measures
to be taken by different govt. departments at district level and local
authority.
 Scope of the plan
 The scope of this plan, the entities (e.g., departments,
agencies, PRIs, ULBs, private sector, NGOs, citizens) and
geographic areas to which the plan applies need to be
stated explicitly with identified role and
responsibilities.The purpose statement need not be
complex but should include enough information to
establish the direction for the plan.The scope should
include all disaster phases (Prevention, Preparedness,
Mitigation, Response and Recovery), hazards addressed,
area / district etc.
 Authority and Reference
Mention - references that form the legal basis for actions
outlined in this Plan is in accordance with Sections 31 and
32 of the DM Act 2005. Include and cite the legal and
administrative basis for evolution of the Plan and
implementing DDMP including:
◦ Laws & Statutes
◦ Executive Orders / Rules
◦ Regulations
◦ Formal agreement (MoU) – with utility service agencies,
telecom service providers, manufacturers of different
emergency resources etc.
 Plan Development

Steps in a collaborative planning process include –

◦ formation of team,
◦ understanding hazards, vulnerabilities and risk in the
district,
◦ plan development (develop and analyse course of action,
identify resources, identify information needs),
◦ plan preparation (write, review, approve and
disseminate),
◦ plan implementation and maintenance (exercise,
review, revise and maintain).
 An ideal team for DDMA
 District Magistrate / District Collector (Chairperson)
 Elected member of the district
 DEOC coordinator / Manager (nominate him/her as plan
coordinator)
 District Fire Chief
 Head of the Primary agency supervising each Eemergency
Support Function (Telecom, Public health, Agriculture,
Power, Transport, Education, PWD, Food and civil
supplies,Water supply and sanitation, Law and order,
Information / Media)
 Representatives from central agencies located in / around the
district (Army/Navy/Air Force/ NDRF, Coast Guard, Port and
fisheries,AIR, IMD and CWC etc.)
 Representatives from major places of worships
 Local NGOs / Corporate
 COMPOSITION OF DDMA
 COLLECTOR & DISTRICT MAGISTRATE ==> CHAIRMAN
 STAKEHOLDER DEPARTMENTS
 REVENUE
 POLICE
 FIRE
 MEDICAL & HEALTH
 WATER SUPPLY
 ROADS & BUILDINGS
 TRANSPORTATION
 PANCHAYAT RAJ
 IRRIGATION
 ELECTRICITY POWER SUPPLY
 LOCAL BODIES
 BSNL, IMD, RAILWAYS, ALL INDIA RADIO
 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
 AGRICULTURE
 HORTICULTURE etc
 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITY
COLLECTOR:
 Facilitate and, coordinate with, local Government bodies to
ensure that pre and post - disaster management activities in
the district are carried out.

 Assist community training, awareness programmes and the

installation of emergency facilities with the support of local
administration, non-governmental organizations, and the
private sector.

 Take appropriate actions to smoothen the response and

relief activities to minimize the effect of disaster.

 Recommend State Government for declaration of disaster.

 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITY
LOCALAUTHORITY
 Provide assistance to Collector in disaster management
activities.

 Ensure training of its officers and employees and maintenance of

resources so as to be readily available for use in the event of a
disaster.

 Ensure that all construction projects under it conform to the

standards and specifications lay down.

 Each department of the Government in a district shall prepare a

disaster management plan for the district.

 Carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in

the affected area within its jurisdiction.
 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITY
PRIVATE SECTOR
 The private sector should ensure their active participation in the pre-disaster
activities in alignment with the overall plan developed by the DDMA. They should
also adhere to the relevant building codes and other specifications, as may be
stipulated by relevant local authorities.

Community Groups and Voluntary agencies

 Local community groups and voluntary agencies including NGOs should actively
assist in prevention and mitigation activities under the overall direction and
supervision of the DDMA. They should actively participate in all training activities as
may be organized and should familiarize themselves with their role in disaster
management.

CITIZEN
 It is a duty of every citizen to assist the DDMA or such other person entrusted
with or engaged in disaster management whenever his aid is demanded generally for
the purpose of disaster management.
INFORMATION FLOW IN CASE OF NATURAL DISASTER

Electronic and Print

Media (TV, Radio,
IMD, New Delhi
Press etc.) for public
information

MHA (NEOC), MoES ,

NDMA and Andaman &
Nicobar Admin.

SEOC/ RC & Secretary, All concerned line

DM departments

DEOC/ DDMA All concerned line

departments

Sub-Divisional Officer/
SDM

Block Development
Officer/ Tehsildar

Public

Reference: SOP for responding to Natural Disasters, Published by MHA, 2010

 FUNCTIONS OF DEOC

 District Collector is the nodal officer

 Responsible to provide prompt and relevant information
to both MEOC & SEOC concerning any disaster events
within their district.
 Also responsible to coordinate Local and state resources
within their district and those allocated to it for disaster
management.
 It is a bridge between MEOC & SEOC
 Collection of information on RT basis and disseminate to
all stake holders especially to SEOC and relevant to
MEOC & the public etc.,
 Tracks accomplishment of pre - defined action plans by
MEOC and district level officers of various line
departments and escalates the gaps if any to SEOC to
arrange reinforcements at required location in time.
 FUNCTIONS OF SEOC / DEOC

 Tahsildar /MPDO is the Nodal officer Responsible for

Collection, collation and dissemination of information to
DEOC, Relevant local agencies and officers and he public.
 Implementation of operational decisions of DEOCs
 Coordination of available resources including those
allocated by SEOCs or DEOCs
 Coordination of available resources including those
allocated by SEOCs or DEOCs to support the disaster
affected community.
 Report the compliance of the activities entrusted to it.
 Appraise the requirements and ground situations to
DEOCs for better understanding of the event by DEOCs /
SEOCs.
 Sources of Alerts (Cyclone)

 INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT BULLETINS

 INFORMATION FROM COMMISSIONER, DISASTER

MANAGEMENT

 CYCLONE WARNING CENTRE, VISAKHAPATNAM

 on receipt of warnings
 ON RECEIPT of 1st warning
◦ Set up control room at district level
◦ Alerting of officers/ARMY/NDRF/NAVY/NDRF/ SDRF/
FIRE/POLICE
◦ Wide publicity through print/ electronic media

 ON RECEIPT of 2nd warning

• THE OFFICERS IN-CHARGE FOR THE AREAS/ MANDALS
SHOULD PROCEED TO RESPECTIVE AREAS
• THE OFFICERS ON LEAVE SHOULD RETURN TO DUTY
• EVACUATION OF FIHSERMEN/ LOW-LYING
• AREA PEOPLE TO RELIEF CAMPS
• POSITIONING OF NDRF/ARMY/NAVY/SDRF/POCE/FIRE
PERSONNEL IN REQUIED PLACES
• POSITIONING OF ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES
 Relief camps
 Providing of food & Drinking
water

 Milk/ bread/ biscuits to children

 Lighting arrangements

 Medical Camp
 Inventory of Rescue & Relief
The inventory has been uploaded in the NDMA idrn portal (India
Disaster Resources Network) http://idrn.gov.in
1. Roads & Buildings Dept.
* JCBs. , Bull Drozers, Power Saws, Tree Cutting equipment,
2. Road Transport Dept.
*trucks, busses, lorrys, jeeps etc
3. Fire Serivces Dept
*Fire Fighting equipment, heavy cutters, life save jackets,
ropes, etc
4. Water Supply Dept.
*Water Tanks, water cans, water plants
5. Panchayats Dept
*Sanitary material suppliers
6. Fisheries Dept.
*Swimmers, Boats
Communication
Communication
 Mitigation Plans
 ALL DEPARTMENTS SHOULD HAVE THEIR OWN
PLAN OF MITIGATION

 ALL DEPARTMENT PLANS SHOULD BE

INTEGRATED IN THE DDMP

 THE DDMP SHOULD BE INTEGRATED WITH

HISTORY OF CYCLONES, GEOGRAPHICAL
AREAS, LATITUDE/LONGITUDE DETAILS,
CONTACT NUMBERS, INVENTORY DETAILS,
MANDAL MICRO PLANS ETC.
Thank You