Indefinite Integral

, In/Julie scrlt•!I (wh1•n cxl$u) Is called ~

n,,,,, thl' s11n1 oI ,I w

J!a' Introduction
l11 11fOrrn1tl 11 1 :ih 11l11Y 11,• n1r I e111/'1'1111•d II tth 1hr• 1111•1horllf nl
,h flnltr l11tcnrnl ,
, , llflrll"~, 011 Jr Js , fc;ir lhlll 1he proc;e~ o
I tolll 1111• 11 1IOVI c
frlli'/11111 Ion I111t l
th
f

wo vlrw r"fnl !i. We may con,lder It a, c

tJIII
, ( ,tfn11 01 ch,r., we m,1y consider Jr o, lhe !
fi111ll1)!1 rh,, di ,llh'f• (111 dlllr1r11tl,11l of dfll1•11•11!111h l1• lnvcl!H' I 1 1f'f Pl ll,l . all
who•.() ,•11r.h tr.rm h Jnfin1te81JTU1Uy sm ~
II\ 11 (I (
of 1111 111n11l1r i; 1•1 fc::.
t\111( Uo11 ( Ill Ill-, ~tlh'l' 1h, 1'01\\ C-l'l-1~ pmhl1•111? rh,11 r~. If 1111 1
.,, two vkw points nrc not Independent. By th
dlllt'rt 11tl11I) of 1111d I Iowt•VCI, Ille.,, that
,lc-rh lfh, (OI ft f1111, 11011 i~ l,.1111w11, r,111 w1• ,cm of fntcurnl c;rlculus, Ir can be shown
f1111 dnuwn l (ll lhco ° tart
rhr f\111t lion h0\'1118 th,• HI' rn d, tl\'1111\ (' (01 clllll'1l'l1lf111) 7 1'01 the iwo vf('W points ore fdcndcaJ Jn this book we shall s
1\llllJ1l<-,1h,·clc1h,11hr11lllw1un,tlcrn J, .. , 11 Is::' 6., '> (01 with the former view-point and the latter view-point will be
Its dlllr I e111lnl is rl1• • 111-!irf.A ) llr111·1•, 11 I, cn,lly undC1.stood consJdcrcd In a separate cl1aptcr.
l11n11l1t• fun, 1!011 hnv111g cl1•n11Hh r 6.1 s (or df{(crenllnl 6x 5dx)
f, \ 6 ,l_§Jf Defl~_it_io_n - - - - - - : -
Lot /(x) be a given funcdon of x. If we can determine anotl ~r
1
l11 thJ.; 1•aq\ the 111111h1•ma1knl 11wtl1od which dc1crm1nes the
" I011 J' 1 frorn 1lw dcrlvoci\'t• ._:_ Gx (or differential
.6 dv c; funcUon F(x), such that lts derivative with re:.pcct to X is
,unrt
d~ equal to J(x) [or differential of F(x) is equal to f(x)dx J, then
rl1 t, 1!!,h J i~ rnll,•d lntrgmtlon . The function obtained by
F(x) ls defined as an lndcfinf11 1r,rt:i,:r~ (or primitive function
Inrrgrotfon from thr dl'rh.iuvc (or diffcre111lal) of the functlon or anti-derivative) of /(x) with respect to x and ls denoted by
h , Jllrd 11s lnfcJ,,--rnl. 111 the nbovc cxJmple, Urn integral of ~ jJ(x) dx = F(x). In this case, the process of finding F(x) is
.S . dx
1,, ' (01 1 dJ' = 6-t dx ) i, y = xb Clearly, integradon can be called lntcgrotJon and f(x) [l.e., the function to be integrated]
ls called Integrand ; to signify the integration operation the
look,·d upon as trnddcrh11rfvc I.e., Jt ls invcr~c procc8~ of
Jntegrnl flllgn / is written before the given function and the
dlffrr, nflnffcm . We nort• tlia1 1 dlfferentlal dx is written after the given function to indlcace
di' that x ls the varJabl«> of lnfl'graUon . The symbol jJ(x)dx is
..:.. = 6.r5 , If y = x6
d.1· read as "Integral of /(x)dx ' .
dy dy
Agnln, -
dx
= Gx5 , If y = x 6 + 4 and -
dx
= 6x 5 , If y = x 6 + c, @_up~J
wlll'n, c i~ an arb/rrnry constant Jndependent of x. e f
The sign of lntegradon I.e., Is the lnJdal lener of the word
5 'sum' (In elongated form), since fntegradon la defined u a
Henn>, 11 follows 1h01 Jf the derivative of a function - 6x (or
Its dlffNentlal = 6x 5dx ), then, In general, the functJon Is process of summation.
x 6 + c. Therefore, Jr Js evident thar the Jntcgral obtained by • lf :XlF(x) J =/(x) for dF(x) =/(x)dx ),
lnrcgrnrlon from the derivative (or differential) of a functlon
then by deftnldon, we have, / /{x)d:t = F(x)
contains an nddlrivc arbitrary constant. For this reason the
lnregral obralned as antidcrlvatJvc Is called an lndcflnltt:
hJfC'~rad,
Hence, d~[fft.x)d:t] =!(F(x) J=/f.x)
From the hlsrorkal stand-point Integration means summation. • Since :x[F(x) J • ft.:x) and/Jt.x)dx • P(.r)
The origin of integration Is In the effort of finding the sum of
an Jnllnlte series whose each tenn Is lnfinJteslmally small. In therefore, f i(F(:x)Jdx• fJr.x)tb•P(~)
h.cr. auch Jnffnlte series orJglnates from the endeavour of
ierermJning area of a bounded region and origin of Integration Le,,/F'(x)d:t • F(z),
1 rhe effort of ftndlng the value of such Infinite series. In thls
 INCEFIUITE llfTEOP.~.l. ~ ZI~,
'1MRDQSince, f ei: - eX
,tegratlon, j ~dx x - ' th erefore, by the definition or fM f~fj,1x1 ~rJ.x ~ f f'(z,tb - f f,t

:::, eX -~a:!:;.~

~ Q Since, .!x3 3 2 Therefore, In general, dzcl '"ff(x1tb, 1 f"'j:/y,.

w
,I
~~
Jintegration j dx ::: x ' th erefore, by the detlnlti.on
, 3x2dx::: x3 8 If j(x.J and ,<xJ ve cw, n.,uw:J-Z .;a;. C'.2I
t!WY!iQSinee, d
-··
d »lnx - cos th
:1(x) = :x~u,, ri,t:rJ jfx;-~ z =- ,,
G
efinition of • x - x, erefore, by the
A t mtegrau
on,
f cosx dx = slnx where c L\ an arb,rrary <..O~
Proof :
d d
Since, dj{ x) == ~ ,(x) ,
- ~ - ConS\ant of Integration d ,d
If c ts an arb·itrary const · fv J
(x) dx= ~ ;(:qdt
{[F(x)] = r,( ) ant mdependent of x and
dl J' x , then d [ or, f (x) ·Hi = 6(.xJ - c2
dx F(x) + c] = f (x).
[where c a;-.d c2 are ar-.;;::n:-f ~
1
11terefore, by definiuon
Oearly, the g
. we have jli(
' J'x )dx = P(x)+c ,.. (1)
eneral solutl f or, =
f(xJ- 6( XJ Cz - Cl =C
[F(x) + c] is call d on of f (x) dx is F(x) + c; here [where: c = c2 - c1 = ~i:l~- -Y ar..sa:.=,
·trary e an indefinite integral of jJ(x)dx and the
arb1 constant c [whi ch is independent of x ] is usually From this reSUit il is eru:len: Iha the I d e ~ ~ c:
a given function may be obwned in dlfz~ fc.:=.a 1::.-?'
. d th
re ferre to as the con&lant of integration . From (1 ) it is
different methods, but ummarety these ti;a",s w-... c.!iec
ObVIOUS at giving clifferent values to the arbitrary constant c from each other by a ~ (Provedl-
we shall get different
. ; , · . This 1s
values of jfi(x)dx
.{f(x)dx is referred to as an indefinite integral.

fDMIR!ii
. th e reason why

a• General Rules of Integration

rf Since, : xx6 = 6x5 0(:\ If A JI an arbitrary comtant indrr rim« tJf

f
:. by definition, 6x5dx = x6 .
f
:t, then Af(x) 4% = Aff(:t) ti%.

V Since, :/x 6
- 4) = 6x
5
G/ ■
of integration.
Let jJ(x)dx = F(x) - c, where c is 11.e con..~

:. by definition, 6x dx = x f 5 6
- 4.
Then, by definition,
d
d)F(x) + cJ = ft.x)
5
• Since .E...(x6 + 3) = 6x Now, A is an arbitrary constant independent of .r;
IIIIIIIJ 'dx
:. by definition, f 6x5dx = x6 + 3. d . d
therefore, dx[A{F(x) + c} l = A d)F(x) ... cl = A/{.r)
And in general, if c is an arbitrary constant, independent of x,
Therefore, by the definition of integration,
d ( 6 ) - 6x5 · b)' definition,
- x +c - "
f 6x dx
5 6
= x + c.
j Aftx)dx = A[F(.r) + cJ = Afflx) dx (Pnffed).
th en since'dx

f,~of%ud

c;... f Let, J.1:)dx = p(;r) - f;(.r)G sq(

t1Ma, £p(s) •hi -{a.a:• Ms\
 C320) .......... MATHEMATICS • XII

d
t\'ow, ri7lf1(xl1q(\)I df!.r,(;i.) t Id q(.1) /lrlt~U)
\ ( \ !~I
Hence-, ll) tlw dcfinlrlon of lr11cgrtulon, 'J
a:: 3.!-- +-1x+c
J (fl.A) i e( l )Id.A: /J(;i) i q(,1) _.!.+
·1
J

2
: jft.l)d\'i /rP(t)d\ (Prou~d).
_ ~x 3 + 4x + c

fr. No" - 2

~1nregral consists of a sum (or difference) of two

• The ruJc (2) hold., for mort> than two funetfons t e., If / 1(x),
/2tr), ,/,,(.r) arC' n gi,·MJ functions, t11en
If an indefiniteals then instead of writing indJvfduaJ constant
j Vi (X) ±f2(X) i · · ±/,,(:r) )d;i. or more lntegr , wn·te one arbitrary constant In the n__ ,
l we "'Lill
- fJ1(x)dx± (lz(r)dx± ... ± jJ/x)dx for each tnte gra the algebraic sum of the constant.a for th
• al ent to e
result, eqwv
• If A 1, A 2 , ... ,An are n arbitrary corutant.S, then different integrals.
combmmg rules (1) and (2) we get,
/fAiJ1(x) ± A2/ 2(x) i .. ±A,,fn(x)]dx

= Adf1(.x)dx ~AJJ2(x)dx =... ±Ajfn(x)dx

rl!Ja9 Fundamental Integrals Gl•,n·....fJI If

x>
O then Jogx is real
I

and !!..(logx+ c) = !
Since integration is the inverse of differentiation, the integrals dx x
of some elementary functions follow from the standard results
of differential calculus. We give below the integrals of such
Therefore, by definition we get, Jldx = logx + c

elememary functions ; in each case, c dtnotes the constant [whenx>O] --·{l)

~~-~-------------
of in1egralion.

0 e} If n ( isaconstantindependentof x,
1-l )
Again, if x < 0, then -x > 0
and !!.. [log(-x) + c] = _!._(-1) = !
xn+l dx -x x
f
then x"dx = - - + c.
n+ I Therefore, by the definition of integration,

G/•Af.t,j• Since,
J;dx= Iog(-x) + c [when x < 0 J.. ·(2)
!£ ( x" + 1 + c I =
dx n + l J
_l_ . .!!.... x" + l + !!_ (c)
n + l dx dx
Combining (1) and (2) we get, J!r1x = log lxl +c [x IO]
{Proved).
= _l_. (n + l)xn + 0 =xn
n+l
Therefore, by the definition of integration we get,
xn + 1
f x"dx = -n+l- + c (Proved). -! +I
X 4
x3 l +I
V
1 M4!48
1 f r3dx = 3 + l + = 4x4 + C C
= 2log 1.xl + c - 5 · -
I - ! +1
4
+ cz

J
l - +J 3 [c1 and c2 are constants of integration!
- x2 2 -
r#Mi49:ffJ j Jxdx = jx2dt = ! + 1 + C = 3x2 + C 3
2 20 4-
= 21oglx!- -x + c
xD ... 1 3
I /dx= jx'ldt= O+l +c=x+c [where c =cl+ Cz = constant!
 INDEFINITE INTECRAL ~ 321 ~

,( )A
'9 I
f 1I n m..t dx • wsmx
m c (m:i:Oba
1,
• wn111nt lndrpendtnt of
t-

z.)

d (em\
dx -;;;-+ tj:: .!_ d
· -1,m, d
I
r lffl'1lt' +
m
(I
)
1 • r/ u mx • ' le
m dx d..1
1

~rrefo .... b
Ill .._., Ythcu
rn d\ -,r = - . ,.nn.
'+ rJ
.\ m
,n• ,,nn

.
r c'".t.d.J. _
- --Pfinldon of •
cm-' intcgrn llon WC hav1',
- _ l., ms nmi,
'i hc1cforc, by the <.lcflnltlon of integration w~ t.:
m
m.r.
1 r...
m +c lrn ¢ oJ (PrO\ed).
cos mt' -'- c (IPrOVf; d}
f sin mx dx = - ---;;;-

form= l Weh aVe, f eX,,.,__ ~ )/oU

1,.-- "-'-=el"+c.
for f
m = l we have, sin t th = cos..r -t- c

If"'(~ 0) .. f:£/a!M4!4 fJ j (zsin3 x- 3sinx)dx

• constant Independent of x,
then Ja~..1-
-w-
_ aaz
+c f
= 2 sin3x dx - 3 slnx dx f
m logea
= 2 ( - -cos3x)
- - 3(-cosx) + c
3
(a #: I and a > OJ •
v•PM·i• Since,
= -
2
3cos3x+3cosx+ c
d( amx .1
dx mlogca .._ c) = -
I d d
. -amx + -(c) {,fl/ cosmxdx= sinmx +c [m/ 0 Is•
mlogca dx dx
m
1 constant independent of x) .
= - - - · amx · log a• m = amx
mlogea e

[a:tl,m:tO]
c~&Rl·M• Since,
d (slnmx ) l d . d
Therefore, by che definition of integration we have, dx - n +c = -. -smmx+ - ( c)
1 m d.\ dx
amx l
f amxdx = - - - + c [m
mlogea
f 0, a fl, a·> 01 (Proved} . = -m · m cosmx= cosmr
.
Therefore, by the definition of integration we have,

fJMi-J tr
. . sinmx
} cosm., d.x = -;;i- + c (Proved) .

H m = l , then / axdx = 1og;, + c · [\] J(9ae J

Por m = 1 we have, f cosx dx = slnx + r.
I J<zx -3e2X + 3-2X)dx

: f zxdx-3/e2Xdx+ f 3- 2Xdx i:£lJ&jQ9Ef D /( acosg - bcos.\J dx

. X
= a_ cos dx - bj cosx dx
•

zx
2X
!,_ + _
r2X
+C I 2
= - - - 3 . 2 -2Joge3
Ioge2 sin~
r2X 2
- +C =a1 -bsinx+ c = 2a sin::!-bsinx+ c
=_ - -e
zx 3 2X - !2 . Joge3 2 2
Joge2 2
I
I
J
 -~ 322 ) '17-rii,.u
•~--.1111111' MATHEMATICS • XII
u,n m1
I
- . ,rl
,rcr111

· ~ f ..,z 1IU 4 = flUI 1IU +c ("' i! O II 1

111

,sec fllJ inn mt

nnftJOTl of fnregratJon we hav<:,
COllllaat........,.,...., "' of.rJ. (hr ref•ore, by rhe det & ~ ~cf!!! m + c (Proved).

~•AJ.t•j Sinn•, f sccmxwnm

d ( tan m,
- -+c
) I d
= -·-1anml+-(c)
d , ..,..:;1
dJ. m m dr dx
r r\ alo..-
/Y• fsecx ta nx dx = aecx + c.
:: m
..!. · m • scc 2mx = scc 2nu Form=! we have, --------...____-
· · ~,
Th{'reforc, by the deflrut1on of Integration we have, - coaec,,..t
J• 2 tanmx
scc ml. dx::: -
m
+ c (Proved ). ct!>fl /co.ec ,nx cot m
- tJx - - -._-:
-
X
,,a -- + c

(9 llo_u 1 (miO ., 8 con,tanl Independent of .t J.

,.-.,.-•• Since,
For m = I we have. f sec2x dx = tanx+ c.
l d d
d cosecmx+c) = -;· dxcosecmx+ dx(c;
dx - m
· ~ f - 2 1 I U dz: - COi 1IU + C [m / 0 = _..!..(- m cosecmx cotmx)
m m
It a CODltant independent of x J• = cosec mx cot mx
G,J4i.f,j• Since,
Therefore, by
definition of integration we have,
cosecmx
1 =-l . .!!..(cotmx)+dd(c)
.!!..(-~+c
dx m ) m dx x f cosecmx co tmx dx = _ m + c (Proved).

= - ..!.(- m cosec 2mx)

m
t tfo$!!."J
= cosec 2 mx Form= 1 we have,
f co sec x cotx dx = - cosecx + c.
Therefore, by the definition of integration we have,

f cosec 2 cotmx + c ( Prove d) .

mx dx = - ---;;- t#i@Q!jll!J j(3sec3xtan3x-2cosec2xcot2xJdx
(0 J{ou ~ == 3j sec3xt.an 3x dx- 2f cosec2xcot2x dx
'--

For m = J we have, f cosec2x dx = - cotx + c. = 3 . ~-l- cosec2x) + c

3 . 2

= sec3x + cosec2x + c
._.iiiAMi6Aii!lii1D / (4sec 2 2x - 3cosec 2x)dx
= 4}.sec 22x dx- 3f cosec 2x dx ,t:jjt Summarisation
= 4-~-3(-cotx)+c
2
= 2tan2x+3cotx+c [JJ If t [F(x) + c J = J(x) or, d(F(x). c J == j(x)dx, then
F(x) is called the integraJ of f(x)dx and is denoted by,

/J(x)dx = F(x) + c
The Process of detennining F(x) is cailed fntegralJon,
Since, the function /(x) is called the Integrand and the
arbitrary constant c is called the comtant of
d d
secmx + c\ __J . -secmx+d-(c)
d1 -;;- ;- m dx x Integration; the /(xJdx f 11 read as "rntegraJ of fix d.J: •
- /AftxJdxqJ!tx)dx
 ,.... I

1..a II ♦ ~•!
~
11f111qatc1 ........
Jtt.ilu.!a • JV• e • ''"
-;Jj r2

1 I I I
• P} J lt1:, + ,ji 2• ♦ rf1 2.

I I J
e ,Jxio+,Jx 2
a ♦ rf i 2
•

!+1 _!.1 i ••
r ,r2 ~2
• ,.-+q•~+r•---•'
!+1 _!+1 -!+1
2 2 2
S l 1
= ¥J+2qx2-2r.12 +c
(wbae c • ce- I C ol lldiiiiiadall~

. , We have. r +4.r2 + .r-6

= r(.r+2)+2J(.1+2)-3(x ♦ 2)
= (x+2)(z2+~-3)
lbererore. the requlrld tntlglll II..
r+ul+.r-64.ra /(.r+2)(~+2:r-Sl.rx
f .s2 + 2.x -♦ 2)
. t<r+ax-s
). ~' 1•
(
 _.=~.:.::..:..::_
1._ 324,"__, _a_u_n_w_. _MATHEMATICS • XII _____....------~·
~-~ ¢

[l/ Require d f
Integral is.
~ d.x ::: -
2
_x a2. ax - 42 · 4-x
zx. 2 3 dx
f zx .. J
- ~123..r
- 8 z:r
dx- 16!~
dx 8 2x
(W) / ~ - ~- loptis
e21411.c-~ : : . af z2Xdx- 2/ 2-Jxd;c

~ ·• I z2x
-a- 2loge2
-
2-Jx
- 2- ·3loge2
-+ c
. . r2l,,tx -3c 2
" +4 fc◄ x 2x l -
IIIIIIIIIIIIIJ :Jx d.x = 2 -cix-3f~dx+4f-dx
• L" e3x e3x e3x 4. z2x 2 2-Jx
- - + - · - - +c
:: 2/ eXdx-3f e- X(i.x + 4/e-3Xdx - Joge2 3 loge2

= 2cX-3 • -
e-x
+4•-
e-3x
+C : : . loge2
_I_[4x+ 1 + !_3 zl-3xJ+c
-1 -3
= 2eX + 3e-X - ~e- 3 X + c

~
3
- f r.6x + e4x dx = f e5x. eX + e:x. e-xdx of (1) and (U) of Ex. 3 we have used the formula
eX + ex eX + e-x
am"
amXtJx=- +c.
= fe5x(eX+ex)dx=fe5xdx=e5x +c f mlogea
eX + ex 5
JW Clearly, elogx =x
=e1ogx2 =x2
, e21ogx

and e-logx = elogx-l = x-1 = !

Evaluate:

e2logx _ elogx
X

? 2 - xI
(I} J eo122x th (U) f un3x dx
f e2logx _ e1ogx dx =} ;2 -x dx (W) f lln3x mu dz (Iv) f stn 3x coau t&
2

=f x3-l dx =f(x-l)(x 2 +x +l )dx (v) / alnz col3z dnSz dz

-.~
2
x (x- l ) x 2 (x- l )

= fx2::+ 1dx = f dx+ f !dx+ f x -2 dx

= x + loglx1 + -
X -2 + l
- + c = x + log /xj - - + c
1 fJJ f cos22x dx = ~ f 2cos 2 2x dx = ~ f (1 + cos4x)dx

......... .,
EXAMPLE 3

CO ,~-z.ac+e
- 2+ 1 X

= ~ [f dx + f cos4x dx]

= l [ x+ -sin4x]
2 4- +c

...
IIJ Required integral is,
_2, 3.r + 6dr = !32xdx-2/ dx+ 6 3-xdx r
. , Since,

}
sin3x = 3sinx-4sin 3x;
Therefore, 4sin3x = 3sinx- sin3x
• . 3
sm xd.x = 11·4sin x dx
4
3

! 32x 3.r 3.r • = if (3sinx-sin3x) dx

= f JXtJ.r _ 2/dx+ 6f 3-Xdx
3.r 3-x
= i[3f sinx dx - f sin3x dx]
= ---2x+6·---+c
loge3 (-1 ) loge3 1r 3(-cosx)- ( - -
cos3x)l
= -. - +k
4L 3 .,
= -2:_ - 2x - 6. 3-x + c
Joge3 loge3 3 l
= - -cosx+-cos3x+ k
4 12
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAi. ~325~
f Jsin3x . Stn4 Xdx -
- 2lf 2sin3x si n4 xdx
1
dlffcrent1 ri 1lo11 op11ratlon hr•lp 1,s tn ,,1,rnln rlu; ,!, rl'/i!h" ,t 111y
dlffcrentlablc funcrlrm Hu t 1n,,.Wfrlfr,,i ,,1J, ,11111111 lnv,,l~n (i/11
such general rules for oh1111t1fng tll" 11111:w11I~ r,f 11,q /1iLr.Wi1A ~
-_If
2 (cosx-cos?x)dx fun ction. 11111 1Jpcmtlurl ls IJMlr;all y ,1 L~t1'Jil/v,· 111,.rhrirl imd
alms al redu cing rhe given lntcwal II) 1111•· r,f ,1,,1fun<lw1,wrt1J<1I

= ![f cosx dx f cos?x dx] or known lnLCgnil~. lksl,JP.s, we hr.ve :it r,ur di&/itMI wm
principal mt lhod, viz 'fhe method tJI 1ub•tHutl1,11 iJid

== H sinx- sl~7x] + k
lntegrntlon by parts for 1M1luatlng rhe lnttwet, of s,1
Integrable fun ction but the6e mr:thods tHe not apJJllr,,IJle w .ell
Integrable functions. Por er..,mple, we c:snnot 1:va/w,t<: fniewil•
= !2sm 1 ·
· x --sm7x+k of the type
d f. 14 Jo/ dx or, f ,fi slnx dx
11!/ sm 23x cos4x dx -- l f . 2
2 2sm 3x cos4x dx that ls, these Integrals cannot be reduced tn an elemP.nW'/
= ~ f (1 - cos6x) cos4x d.x function by the above method.s, though the Jnreg:rals et1,1. , -
J f
= !2 cos4x d.x - 1 2cos6x cos4x dx
4 EXAMPLE 5
2

2 4 - 1f (cos lOx + cos2x)dx

= !(sin4x) Evaluate: (1) /~dB
cot8
(U) faec 20 coaec 0 dO
4
= sin4x _!( sinlOx)
8 . 4 10 - 4l ( -2-
sin2x)
+C
~ Solution
1
Q/ Required integral is,
- ![sm·
8 4x- 5sml0x-
· sin2X] + c dB = jtan BdB 2
f tanB
cotB
= j(sec B-1)d0 = j sec 0 dB - j dB
rfJ f sinx cos3x sin5x dx = ~ f cos3x(2sinx sin5x)dx
2
2

= tanB-B+ c
=~ f cos3x( cos4x- cos6x)dx
(!!] Required integral is, 1
= lf (2 cos3x cos4x- 2cos3x cos6x)dx f sec 2B cosec 2B dB = j sin. 2() cos 28 dB
= jsin 2B+ cos22BdO
= ~ f[ (cos7x+ cosx)-(cos9x+ cos3x) ]<ix sin 2Bcos B

= ~u f f
cos7X dx + cosx dx- cos9X dx- cos3x dx f l =

=
!( - l +-
2
cos 8 sin
l ~ dB
2

j (sec 2B+ cosec 2B)dB

l[sin7X . sin9X _ ~ ] +c
=--+smx-- 9 3 = tanB-cotB+c
4 7

&
w~ .,_,.llAI
e baVe at our (llSpu-
integrals of the forms
am
Evaluate: (I) j.-!l!-
l + cou (II) f_ L
I - 1lnx
........,-~ ...ifof the...,,,. .. # :
:i

! f
fuPCdODI fonll' x,
s1J12.1, co,2
--:;;IDust Jeduce them In the forfA,...,,,, or
a..ialuliott _f cosx dx
I
11n ~, OOI % IIC- of the type1 sln2J, ifj1/l,"tm3X, ,, f cosx -[multiplying
~ l-
2
a ~ ID Di/ODD of
1- cos xI+
ClltlU foJSPui'9 nwn. and deno. by ( I - co~x)]

Clll -~:ll'-I~~, ~--,~~u~~w-•~;• f

= 1- cosxdx
sin 2x
= Jcosec xdx - f cosecx corx dx
2

= - cou - (-cosecx) + c
= - cotx + cosecx + c
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL (321)
. . j" ( 't)S ,\
- . ~ (l -Jc-1>s!l.q1L, /rn:, d\' -:J/cos·I,
. ~ht ..., ~I n 2.r
rlr cos!+ sin:
2 2
I + tan~
= =
2 2 cos:! - :,in:! 1 - tan~
::i /c-oser , cot , rlx- 3/(l - sln .1) d.,· 2 2 2
sln 2 ,· [Dividing nu.me. and deno. by cos 2I
X

• - cost•c-.,·- 3/lrost'c"\·- 2 ➔· sfn2x] d.,

z: - rosec.r- 3[/cost'c2x dx- 2fd.,· =

,r
4 tan 2
tan-+
\
X

= tan ~ + :!
( j
1 - tan :!°'tan~ 4
4 2
+ i/< l - cos2x) dx] /tan-1(secx+ tanx)dx = jtan-1[ tan(1+ ~]dx
6 3[/. ;·
= - cosecx + 3cot ·'. + .r- . ,fr - cos2x dr
2
] = J(~+~dx = ~jdx+~jxdx=~x+~x~ +c
2

= - cosecx+ 3cot.r+ 6x- ~x+ ~ sin2x + c 1TX x2

2 2 2 = -+-+c
4 4
z + ~ S111-.\
= - cosec.r + 3 cotx + 9x • ,, .+ C
4 EXAMPLE 11
EXAMPLE 10 Evaluate:

/ tan-•{j1- iln.t}dx, ~2 < .r < ~2

I+ sln.t
(CBSE '03, 'II)

(CBSE '03) (f. Solution We have,

1 -sinx = cos 2~+sin 2:!-2sin:!cos:!

2 2 2 2

2cos 2:! . X)2

= ( cos
X
- sm
We have, I +.cosx = 2 = cot:! .
2
2 2
smx 2sin:!cos :!
2 2 ~ X • X
✓ l - Slll X = cos - - sm -
can- 1( 1 +.cosx'i = tan - I cot~ 2 2
smx ) 2
Similarly, JI+ sinx = cos:!+ sin~
= tan- tan ( g- ~ =
1
g-i 2 2

µ-siiix - Ji-=-siiu cos:!-

2
sin=
2
=
ftan- 1(1 :i::sx) dx = / ( ~ - ~dx ✓ l+sifil JI+ sinx cos~+ sin=
2 2

= ifdx-if xdx =
l - tan :!
2
- ---
tan '.! - tan:!
4 2

,r I x2 1 + tan= I + tan'.! tan :!

= -•X--•-+C 2 4 2
2 2 2
1TX x2
= ---+c
2 4
f tan- ✓~}dx
(
1
{
We have, secx+tanx= _I_+ sinx =I+ sinx l+sifil
cosx cosx cosx

or, secx+ tanx =

cos 2! + sin 2! + 2cos!sm!
2 22 2 =J 1
1an- { tan(~-~ }i1x =/ (~- ~dt
cos2! - em2!
2 2
___..,.(<:0sf____11nv2___+ .;,-.,.
= ifdx-~fxdx
•t+•J(~
Pbad the functton who d . ! = ,J
•· c ls the con.slhnt of lnit-61 ~ 1, .
ae erivatl~e la hln.reo,2.r - 11n•z. - cc/Ifwhere c . ...,~
C. Le t the required r
• we have,
quesuon
1

unction be y . Th en, I J'f

or, x- \1/
uat.fon o
f the farnJJy of curve, is ,.
Ct)
Hence, tbe eq r---- - - - - -- - .
~-3 . 2
dx - sinx cos x - sin3 x ' • · ~ al (.c, y) la (z2 -2) 'Ad
By the defini tion of lntcgrati The ,lope al~ (J, 8). Find she ~ fJf ~ ~
on we get, mrou,aa me...---:_:______ c:.,,.,e.
Y = j(3sinxcos2x - sin3x)dx
e 1mow that the slope vf :;i CUJ\,t _
W " h , r }b
= jl3sinx(J - stn2x) -sin3x]dx
dy
= f (3sinx - 4s!nlx)dx -;&·
the problem we get, dx
dy =x2- 2
= f sin3x dx
Hence, by

_ cos3x Therefore, by f
the definition of lntegration we ha,,e,
- - - + c [wh
3 ere c = constant of integration] y= fcx2-2)dx= f x2cJx - 2 dx
Therefore, the required fun ction is - ~ cos3x + c . y= x3 -2X+ C
or,
3
EXAMPLE 13 Iwhere c is the constant of im-.
~5,1atlon]
If !!l'.
d% x
= ! at any polnt ( )
x, Y on a curve, find the equation By question, the curve (1) passes through the pof711 (3, 8).
of the family of curves.
8 = 33 - 2 >' 3 + C = 3 + C
3
(f Solutiot, ~
Since, :: = , therefore, by the definition of or, c= 5
integration, we have, Therefore, the equation of the reqw.red curve is,
Y = j!dx = log ex- log ec = log ec~ y=!x3-2x+5 [putting c = 5 in (IJ J.
x
3

EXERCISE
f sec3x cosec2xdx is a function of-
~
4.
tatll @ tanx ® sin.r
1 mar\ © cosx @ none of these
Choo1e the correct option • 5. The value of f cor 28d8 is--
1. f x"dx is equal to- @ cot0-0 ® -cocB-8-"-c
@ nxn - 1 @ xn+I
--+c © cot8 + 8 + c 16'1 -co18- 8 Tc
n+ I

© x__ + c n+l
when n I- - 1
@
D none of these
f
6. To evaluate sin 2xdx we are to use the formula of-
n+l @ sin2x t'e: cos2.r
2. If k Is a constant, then the integral of k w.r.t. x is- © tan 2x none of these
® !+c @ kx © kx+c @ kx 2 +c 7, The value off sinxo dx ts-
X

!!.!'. = 6x , then
3' If dx y= ® l;O Cosx 0 + c ® ~cos.r° + c
If

© 2x 2 6x 2 @ 180
® 6 ® 3x2 @ --;;--cosx + c 0
_!!__c~ X- Tc
180
 INDEFINll E INTEGRAL ( 329 >
~J::.. (,,t) I I\\~\ l Ill I Il ,t,,, \ rII n,
I 11Jr( f•I I I I

3)og2 t~'-' I•
~ - +r \\h1'1i' "',; II I~ II• ,11u11111t 1111 I,·1111111 I1•111" f t 1t11d f
~ 3>-2h 3log:?
1111 ,11 hlllt\1' \'111\illlllll
~ ~-1,.("
'2' 31~2 ~ .!Sx + r 3.. u,111~ 1111' tl,•il11lth111 pf lnfi'tllllllOII ll11d l' in Ii 11118 "' I
l The '-alue of 1·1' SlOfix..,,~,.
•
•
LS- (Ill f/j' (111 t h)r/ 1

RI tSIQg:r _._
~ -+c
Slogx
?' ~+c
5 llll)
-:r?.q
t1 . -.x-dx is equal to- r., : Hl\'t'I\
lh·) 1/1'
:•• ..,_ I !I I w1hill I
I

'"
4. lt11t'Km1,, t'nch ,,r tlrn lollowlnH h111itln11 il w,1,1 ,
= .r+log .r ~r
~ ~ I

(Ill
n. If the de.rr,:ath~ of a function is ,'i , then the funnion i~-
(1) ' -~
v:.~
(Iv) (, i)'
dv
IL If dx = 3.i- -
.,
:! , then the value of y is- (vi) l
/1
(J; i,t
I
I

~ x3-2r~c ® x3-'2x S. Evahtntt' :

C
~
~.r!-2.r+C'
2 @ .\.3-2.l2 +r

ll The ,'3lue of J(cosec2x rot2x) dx is- {Ill) ;·c•r,' -t c•·'\I\'

c•' + ,1 "''
~ - oot2.r +C ~ 2cot2x+ c
~
2
-2cosec2x + C @ -~+t:
(v) f ,,-•ti d.,·
~ 'Z!
6. Intq~n\tl':
n, If m =0 ' then the \'a]ue of f sec m.:r Ian mx d,· Is- (I) I 52.,,L\ (II) / (,1 I t •I 1 ),/,\
@ mtan mx+r.
i msec mx+c
(Ill) f ( 'h 1t1•
1 11
+ 1 11 l<11t·1 ) d\'
1

1. Evaluntt• tlw fotlllwin1: httt•i;111ls :

(Ill) (sucx(s,•r.r+ IOtl.l )rl\ / INClllll')

.. I
. tr where a > o. Does the fonnuln (Iv) / cost'<'.\' (cost'C..\ - rot x) d\·
l Prove that../ ,rd.r = ~ + c • . '
(v) f cos.r dx 0
(vi) j cot 211 till
b0 ld for " = 1 ?
2. ho\'e by usiDI definition
• of indefinite integral :
(vtl) f cos 20 d8 (vlll) /' •H<m~.t ,tx
_.IIU I+ co1•x
~+c
(I) / sin ,nx d.t = - "' 2x + cos 2xdx
) f secx + 2cot
{U) / cosne% -
•
-=---
!!!!1111,C +c
1111111$ + C
"'
(Ix

(x)
coax

f..!!5..!.dx
coaec2x
2
[NCUT)
(W) / _,a,.s b • ..
~+t l u 2 • 2.t3-3 et any poJDt (.¥, y) oa • owve, Ind the
<"'> ro.rwJ$- - tJICS+C u
equation of the famlly4''0UMI
M NOS--•
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL ( 331 )

14. f sinmx sinnx dx 2

[m 2 i n I 1..----

- ![sln(m- n)x _ sln(m +n),x] +c

-2 m-n m+n
15. Find a function whose derivative ls
{l) x4-1 ,_,---- (JI) z2.r - l l 2 I - 2x . l_,_,.,.,-
x(x-1)

0 IIU(a
Multiple Choice Type
1, ©
2. © I
(
~- @ 3. ® 4. ® !
6. ® 5 3
x + 2loulxl .. ~
1 2
➔c
" @ 10, @ 7. © I. ® 1' (l) 5§x2-~xi+1ox
3
2 +c (U)
2 zx:t
13, @ 11. ® 12. ® ~z x3
14. © 45

t
(ill) a2x+~a3x3+~a3x3+3+c
3 3 ,
Very Short Answer Type (Iv) 2x2 -5x+ c (v) ~
3 •I :.x
2
2 +3x 1-e
1, No
(vi) t6 +t5 t !\ £ + £ t X,t C
3. (I) Y == x3 + 2x+ c 4 3 2
(ll) y =!!x2 + bx+ c x2 x1 x2
2 (vii) -2x+c (vlll) - +- +X ➔ C
(111) Y =- cos2x+ c 3 2 3 2

5
(lv) y=K2x2-7) (b:) 2x--4logJxj _ ! + c
,. 3 -
(l) :.x 3 + C
5 (ll) 8· 4fx+ c
X

2. (I) ~x4 + C
(Hl) t5 - g
3
x3 +5x +c
3• (l) _1_[4 . 22x _ !. z-xJ + c
loge2 4
1
(Iv) -4x4 - 3x2 + 12loglxl + ! + c z4x z2,
x2 (il) _3 [~. 32x _ r3xJ + c
log3 2
(JU) - + - - t x t c
3 l l 4log2 2lo:,i2
(v) t+x3-~x2-15x+c (vi) ~x2-2x- 2+4x2+c
4 2 3
4• (l) sin3x + 3slnx + C (ll) K91: 4 sln2u ¥J + c
1+
-#". x-
12 4
5. (I) C / (U) ~ . e4X - e2X - 3 . e-X + C

(Ill) ! e4x +c (iv) £3 +x2 + C

(ill) Ks~ x+ 2sin2x +3x)
4
+ c
4
(Iv) ~sin2x+ c (v) 2tanx-3sr.cx+c.:
{v) _!e-4x + c
4
52.r (ll) !xs + £ + c
(vi) x+icos2x+c (vJl} -.!cot 1- x+c
l (I) - + c 5 Iog4
2log5 (viii) 0 + C (Ix} ~6in:W+c
X xfl•l
(UI} _f!_+-+c (x) tanx - cotx + c (x..l) a&e,,x-beo~tx+c
loga a+ 1
z
7, (I) Kx- s~4x) + c (:xlJ) ~X+ C (:xlJI) !!.L !.. + C
2 4
(Iv} _ cotx + cosecx + c I. (I) y: x2 +x - lO (ll) x +loglyi
(ill) tanx + secx + c 2
(vi) -(cot0+0)+c
M ~smx
1r
0
+c 7. l(x-isin4x) +c 1. y = 2.{x(x I J

(vU) !(8 + lsm29)~ + c (vlll) tanx-x + c

c1x, wix- zco,ecx + siJlJ+ C
(l) tanx-IH
I y 2 :c-3 3rH
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL ~ 333)
D As~eJtlon-Ret\son Type :•
Pach questio,r in this section ltas f ow cl fC£ "l: , ~ • ,
an,f @ out of which only one is c.orrEct ~L,zrk your
® 1 • 1
-8 SJn4x+ -sin lOx + c choices as follows.
20
® Statement-I Ls True, Statement-JI is True . S!atem.em-ll ls
@ none of these a correct explanation for Statement-I
@ Statement-I is True. Statement-II IS Troe , Statement-II ls
@ l . not a correct explanauon for Statement-I
8sin4J::_1.. .
© Statemi.;nt-1 is True, Statemrnt-ll is False.
20&1.lllOx+c ® l . 1 .
© l . 4sm 4 x- 10 smiox+ c @ Statement-I is F ;lse, Statement-ll is True.
4Sltl4x+ ..!._ •
20 smiox +c @ l . 1 1. Statement - I: Js~xdx(x> O) cannot be evaluated.
4sm4x + 10 sin lOx + c
(ill) f{f(x)+g(x) } ~===
Statement • Il: Only differentiable functions can be
@ l.
integrated.
8Slll4x-+- C
1 2. Let F (x) be an indefinite integral oJ sin 2 x .
@ 1 sinl0x+ c
0
Statement -1: The function F(x) satisfies F(x + rr) = F(x)
1 for all real x .
@ 20sinlOx+c
Statement- Il; sin 2 (n + x) = sin 2x for all real x.

a4.1. ®,
®,©
©. @ ll«<a2. ®,@ 3. ® , © 2. ® -(r) ® --(s) ©-(p )
5. ® , ®, ©, @ @-(q)
Ill 1. s 2. 4
5. 4 l. 2 4. 3 liJ 1. (i) @ (ii) © (iii) @
D1. ® -(q), (r), (s)
® -(q), (r), (s)
2. (i) @ (ii) ® (iii) ©
© -(q), (r), (s)
@ -(q), (r), (s)
D 1. ® 2. @