Dr Vince Grade 12 Chapter 5 Revision 1

01: Quizzes from Review and Exercises

R071: Some electric stoves have a flat ceramic surface with heating elements hidden beneath. A
metallic pot placed directly over a heating element will be heated more effectively. Why is
ceramic, with a conductivity less than that of a metal, but greater than that of a good insulator,
an ideal choice for the stovetop?
R071: Why does heat transfer take place between an object and its surroundings?
Q01: What is thermal conductivity? Express its unit in the SI system.
Q02: One end of a poker is placed in fire. After some time, the other end becomes hot. Explain how
heat is transferred along the poker. Name the method of heat transfer in this case.
Q04: In cold regions, it is seen that birds on the branches of trees often ruffle their feathers. Explain
the reason why the birds feel warm by ruffling their feathers.
Q05: How does a blanket wrapped round your body keep you warm on a cold day?
Q06: Explain with a diagram why an air conditioner should be best positioned high, near the ceiling
of a room.
R071: (3) What is the relation between the total emissive power of an object and the total emissive
power of a black body when both are at the same temperature?
Q03: If a person wearing ordinary clothes travels out into space, the liquid in the body will boil. Why?
Explain how a space suit can prevent this effect.
Q07: Why do we generally wear dark clothes in the winter, and light-coloured clothes in the summer?
R076: How do heat transfer and internal energy differ?
R076: When heat transfers into a system, is the energy stored as heat? Explain.
R076: Why does the temperature of a gas increase when it is adiabatically compressed?
R082: Is a temperature difference necessary to operate a heat engine? Explain.
Q16: Mention the most important condition for a process to be reversible in thermodynamics.
Q08: (i) Can you warm a kitchen in winter by leaving the oven door open?
Q08: (ii) Can you cool the kitchen on a hot summer day by leaving the refrigerator door open? Explain.

02: Calculations from Examples, Review and Exercises

E5.1: A person walking at a regular speed generates heat at the rate of 0.07 W. If the surface area of the
body is 1.5 m2 and heat is to be generated 0.03 m below the skin, what should be the temperature
difference between the skin and the interior of the body if the heat is to be conducted to the surface
of the skin? (k = 5 × 10-5 W m-1 K-1)
2 Grade 12 Chapter 5 Revision Dr Vince

Q09: The area and thickness of a glass plate of a window are 0.25 m2 and 4 mm respectively. The
temperature of inside surface of the glass plate is 25 °C and its outside temperature is 26 °C. Find
the amount of heat that passes through the glass plate in one hour. The thermal conductivity of
glass is 0.78 W m-1 K-1.
Q10: How much heat per second is conducted through a wooden wall of area 25 m2 and thickness 0.04 m
if the temperature inside is 20 °C and the temperature outside is –10 °C. The thermal conductivity
of wood is 8.37 × 10-2 W m-1 K-1.
E5.2: A new computer chip with a surface area of 1 cm2 generates 10 W of heat. Determine the convective
heat transfer coefficient of the material needed to keep the (increase in) temperature of the chip less
than (not to exceed) 20 °C above the environmental temperature. Can the chip be cooled with air, or
will it require forced convection? Convective heat transfer coefficient of air is 2.5 to 25 W m-2 K-1.
E5.3: In a room, the temperature of water in a kettle is 80 °C. The room temperature is 30 °C and
the surface area of the kettle is 0.02 m2. If the emissivity is 0.9, find the rate of heat loss due to
radiation. (σ = 5.685 × 10-8 W m-2 K-4)
Q11: The filament of a 100 W electric bulb is made of tungsten. The emissivity of tungsten is 0.3 and
its length is 0.2 m. Find the diameter of the filament, if its temperature is 3000 K when the bulb
is switched on. ( σ = 5.685 × 10-8 W m-2 K-4)
Q12: The temperature of the filament is 2500 K when the bulb is switched on. The diameter of the
filament is 0.1 mm and it is made of metal of emissivity 0.35. If the power is 40 W, find the
length of the filament.
Q13: From calculations based on the radiation measurement of solar energy falling on the earth, it is
found that the sun is radiating energy at a rate of 62.5 MW m-2. Assuming that the sun is emitting
energy as a black body, find the temperature of the surface of the sun.
Q14: If the rate of energy radiation from a black body of area 100 cm2 is 42 W, find the temperature
of that black body.
Q15: Compare the rates of energy radiation of a blackbody at temperatures 327 °C and 27 °C.
E5.4: Find the change in internal energy of one mole of an ideal gas when its temperature changes
from 0 °C to 100 °C.
E5.5: One gram of water (1 cm3) becomes 1671 cm3 of steam when boiled at a pressure of 1 atm. The
heat of vaporization at this pressure is 2265 J g-1. Compute the work done and the increase in
internal energy.
E5.6: In an isobaric process, the volume of a gas is expressed by the absorption of heat at a constant
pressure of 2 atm. If the increment in volume is 0.5 m3, then find the work done by the system.
Dr Vince Grade 12 Chapter 5 Revision 3

Q18: An insulated system takes in 6.5 kcal of heat and has 2000 J of work done on it. What is the change in
the internal energy of the system? [OR] An insulated system takes in 6.5 kcal of heat and has 2000 J
of work done on its surroundings. What is the change in the internal energy of the system?
Q19: A heat engine undergoes a process in which its internal energy increases by 275 J while it is
doing 360 J of work. How much heat is taken in (or given out) by the engine during this process?
Q21: In an isothermal process (27 °C), 2 kilomole of an ideal gas is compressed from a volume of 4 litre
to 1 litre. Find the work done on the system. (R = 8.3143 J mol-1 K-1)

03: Drawings
1. Figure 5.2 Heat conduction process.
2. Figure 5.4 Creation of weather condition.
3. Figure 5.5 Heat radiation.
4. Figure 5.7 Isobaric process
5. Figure 5.8 Isochoric process.
6. Figure 5.9 Isothermal process.
7. Figure 5.10 Adiabatic process compared with isothermal process.
8. Figure 5.11 Thermodynamic cycle of heat engine.
9. Figure 5.12 (b) p-V diagram of a gasoline engine.
10. Figure 5.14 (a) The p-V diagram for the four reversible processes of the Carnot cycle.
11. Figure 5.14 (b) The four reversible processes of Carnot cycle.

04: Quizzes from Notes

1. How many basic ways of heat transfer are there? Express them.
2. What is heat conduction?
3. Why are metals generally very good conductors of heat?
4. How does heat transfer occur if a teaspoon is put into a hot cup of tea?
5. Define thermal conductivity.
6. State Fourier’s law of heat conduction.
7. What is heat convection?
8. How are convection current set up in heat convection?
9. Express the basic equation for the rate of convection heat transfer.
10. What is the SI unit of the convective heat transfer coefficient?
11. Explain the sign convention for the rate of heat convection.
12. Why is the weather fair at the base of mountain ranges?
13. Why is the weather fair near lakes and ponds?
14. Why is the weather fair at the sea coasts?
15. What do you understand by heat radiation?
16. What is a blackbody?
4 Grade 12 Chapter 5 Revision Dr Vince

17. What is the blackbody radiation?

18. Explain the total emissive power.
19. State Stefan-Boltzmann’s law.
20. What is emissivity?
21. Give an example of a thermodynamic system.
22. State the Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
23. State the First law of thermodynamics.
24. What is the internal energy of a system?
25. Write down the formula for the internal energy of an ideal monoatomic gas.
26. Explain the thermodynamic process.
27. What is a quasi-static process?
28. What is another name for a quasi-static process?
29. Give an example of an isobaric process.
30. Derive the formula for the work done by the system for the isobaric process.
31. Give an example of an isochoric (isovolumetric) process.
32. Express the change in internal energy in terms of molar heat capacity.
33. How can an adiabatic process be done?
34. Derive the formula for the work done by the system of an isothermal process.
35. What is a heat engine?
36. What is a cycle?
37. What is the purpose of a heat engine?
38. What are the two types of heat engines?
39. Define thermal efficiency.
40. How many types of internal combustion engines are there? Express them.
41. What are the two types of internal combustion engines?
42. Why is the gasoline engine called a four-stroke engine?
43. Explain the working function of the intake stroke of a gasoline engine.
44. Explain the working function of the compression stroke of a gasoline engine.
45. Explain the working function of the explosion process of a gasoline engine.
46. Explain the working function of the power stroke of a gasoline engine.
47. Explain the working function of the valve exhaust process of a gasoline engine.
48. Explain the working function of the exhaust stroke of a gasoline engine.
49. Express the equation for the theoretical efficiency of a gasoline engine.
50. Why are all real engines less efficient than Carnot engine?
51. What is a reversible process?
52. What is the working substance of a Carnot engine?
53. Explain the four steps of the Carnot cycle.
54. What is the thermal efficiency of a heat engine?
55. State Carnot’s theorem.
56. Write down the equation that gives the maximum efficiency possible for any engine using two temperatures.
57. State a corollary to Carnot’s theorem.