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Database Systems
IT2306 – Database Systems I
Level I - Semester 2
© 2020 e-Learning Centre, UCSC
Detailed Syllabus
1. Users and practitioners of a Database
2. Data administrator
Database Administrator (DBA)
Functions of a DBA
3. Roles of a DBA
• Database Integrity
• Transaction Processing
• Concurrency Control
• Database Security
• Database Recovery
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Database Users
Actors on the Scene
• Use and control database content, design, develop
and maintain the database applications.
• Database Administrator
• Database Designers
• Software Engineers
• End-Users
Workers behind the scene
• Those who design and develop the DBMS SW and
related tools.
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Actors on the Scene
Database administrator (DBA) responsible for:
• Administering the DBMS and related SW
• Authorizing access to the database
• Coordinating and monitoring its use
• Acquiring software and hardware resources
• Tuning the DBMS for best performance
Database designer responsible for:
• Identifying the data to be stored
• Choosing appropriate structures to represent and
store this data
• Communicate with end users and understand their
needs
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Actors on the Scene Cont.
End-Users
• People who require the access to the DB for querying, updating
and generating reports.
• Types of End-Users
Naive or parametric end users
canned queries and updates
Casual end users
occasional, special-purpose access
Sophisticated end users
deep knowledge of database design and DBMS
facilities
Standalone users
users of personal databases
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Actors on the Scene Cont.
System analysts
• Determine requirements of end users
Application programmers
• Implement complex specifications (business
logic) as programs
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Data Administrator and Database
Administrator
Both are responsible for managing database for an
organization.
Data Administrator (DA) :
• Person in the organization who controls the data of the
database.
• Determines what data to be stored in database based on
requirement of the organization.
• Establish policies to maintain data.
• Works on such as requirements gathering, analysis, and
design phases.
• Does not to be a technical person, any kind of knowledge
about database technology can be more beneficial.
• A senior level person in the organization. in short, DA is a
business focused person but should understand about the
database technology.
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Data Administrator and Database
Administrator
Database Administrator (DBA) :
• Implement DA’s decisions in the Database.
• Provides necessary technical support for
implementing a database.
• Works on such as design, development , testing, and
operational phases.
• A technical person having knowledge of database
technology.
• Does not need to be a business person. in short, DBA
is a technically focused person but should understand
about the business to administrator the database
effectively.
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Roles of a DBA
• Design of the Conceptual and Physical Schemas
• DBA must design the conceptual schema (decide what
relations to store) and the physical schema (decide how to
store them).
• Database Integrity
• Introduce constraints for data.
• Integrate business rules to the DB.
• Transaction Processing
• Introducing isolation level and manage concurrent
transactions to avoid inconsistent data.
• Concurrency Control
• Introducing concurrency control techniques.
• Database Security
• Responsible for ensuring that unauthorized data access is
not permitted.
• Create user accounts and specify account restrictions.
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• Database Availability and Recovery.
• Must take steps to ensure that if the system fails, users can
continue to access as much of the uncorrupted data as
possible.
• The DBA must also work to restore the data to a consistent
state .
• Ensures that the database remains in a consistent state in
the presence of failure.
• Responsible for implementing procedures to back up the
data periodically and maintain logs of system activity (to
facilitate recovery from a crash)
• Introduce checkpoints and recovery mechanism in
Databases.
• Database Tuning
• Users' needs are likely to evolve with time. Therefore
responsible for modifying the database, in particular the
conceptual and physical schemas, to ensure adequate
performance as requirements change. 1
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Workers Behind the Scene
DBMS system designers and implementers
• Design and implement the DBMS modules and
interfaces as a software package
Tool developers
• Design and implement tools
Operators and maintenance personnel
• Responsible for running and maintenance of
hardware and software environment for database
system
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