Overview of Computer Networks
Definition:
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that share resources and
exchange data. These connections can be established through wired (such as Ethernet cables) or
wireless (like Wi-Fi) technologies.
Importance of Computer Networks:
1. Resource Sharing: Devices like printers, scanners, and storage can be accessed by multiple
users.
2. Data Exchange: Facilitates the easy transfer of data between computers.
3. Communication: Enables various forms of communication such as email, instant messaging, and
video conferencing.
4. Cost Efficiency: Reduces the need for redundant hardware and centralizes data storage.
5. Collaboration: Supports collaborative work environments by sharing files and applications.
Basic Components of Computer Networks:
1. Nodes: Devices connected to the network (e.g., computers, printers, servers).
2. Network Interface Card (NIC): A hardware component that connects a device to the network.
3. Switch: Directs data within a local network by connecting multiple devices.
4. Router: Connects different networks and directs data to its destination, often used to link a local
network to the internet.
5. Cables and Connectors: Physical mediums for transmitting data (e.g., Ethernet cables).
6. Access Points: Allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network via Wi-Fi.
How Networks Facilitate Communication and Data Sharing:
Data Transfer: Information can be sent from one computer to another quickly and securely.
Remote Access: Users can access files and applications from different locations.
Collaboration Tools: Programs like Google Docs allow multiple users to work on a document
simultaneously.
Email and Messaging: Users can communicate instantly, regardless of distance.
