A square loop of wire dϕ (NBA cos ⁡θ−0)

of side 5 cm is lying on e ¿ = −3
=3.12× 10 V ¿
a horizontal table. An
dt t
electromagnet above
¿ ¿
and to one side of the
loop is turned on,
causing a uniform
magnetic field downwards at an angle of 60∘ to
the vertical as shown in figure. The magnetic
induction is 0.50 T . The average induced emf in
the loop, if the field increases from zero to its
final value in 0.2 s is
Some magnetic flux is changed from a coil of dϕ
resistance 10 Ω . As a result an induced current ¿ dq∨¿= =idt = Area under i−t graph = (Area under i−t graph)
R
is developed in it, which varies with time as ¿
shown in figure. The magnitude of change in flux
through the coil (in Wb ) is

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 0

A horizontal straight wire 10 m long extending As the current flows from higher potential to lower
from east to west is falling with a speed of potential, then the western end will be at higher potential.
5.0 m/ s, at right angles to the horizontal
component of the earth's magnetic field,
−4 2
0.30 ×10 Wb /m . Which end of the wire is
at the higher electrical potential?

Plane figure made of thin wires of resistance e A 1 dB

R=50 milliΩ/m are located in a uniform Current in the inner coil, i= =
R R1 dt
magnetic
field Length of the inner coil ¿ 2 πa
−3
So, its resistance, R1=50 × 10 × 2 π (a)

2
πa −3 −4
i 1= −3
× 0.1× 10 A=10 A
perpendicular into the plane of the figures and 50× 10 ×2 π (a)
which decrease at the rate dB /dt=0.1 m T /s
. Then currents in the inner and outer According to Lenz's law, direction of i 1 is clockwise Induced
boundaries are (The inner radius a=10 cm e2 A 2 dB
and outer radius b=20 cm ) current in outer coil, i 2= =
R 2 R2 dt
2
πb −3
i2 ¿ −3
× 0.1× 10
50× 10 ×(2 πb)
¿ ¿
There are two coils A and Coil A must be carrying a constant current in counter
B as shown in figure. A clockwise direction. That is why when A moves towards B,
current starts flowing in B current induced in B is in counter clockwise direction, as
as shown, when A is per Lenz's law. The current in B would stop when A stops
moved towards B and moving.
stops when A stops moving. The current in A is
counter clockwise. B is kept stationary when A
moves. We can infer that [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) there is a constant current in the clockwise
direction in A
(b) there is a varying curent in A
(c) there is no current in A
(d) there is a constant current
in the counter clockwise direction in A

The figure shows four wire loops, with edge Emf induces across the length of the wire which cuts the
magnetic field. (Length of c=¿ Length of d ) ¿ (Length of
a=¿ Length of ).
So, ( e c =e d )> ( e a=e b ).

lengths of either L or 2 L. All four loops will

move through a region of uniform magnetic field
B (directed out of the page) at the same constant
velocity. Rank the four loops according to the
maximum magnitude of the emf induced as they
move through the field, greatest first

A thin semi-circular Blv=B(2 R)v and the direction of induced current is

conducting ring of radius R from Q to M . Therefore, Q is at higher potential.
is falling with its plane
vertical in a horizontal
magnetic induction B. At
the position MNQ , the
speed of the ring is v . The potential difference
developed across the ring is
(a) zero (b)
1 2
Bvπ R and M is at a higher potential
2
(c) πRBv and Q is at a higher potential (d)
2 RBv and Q is at a higher potential

An airplane with 20 m wing spread is flying at As the plane is flying horizontally it will cut the vertical
−1
250 ms straight south parallel to the earth's component of earth's field BV , so the emf induced between
surface. The earth's magnetic field has a its tips
horizontal component of 2 ×10−5 Wbm−2 and e=BV vl
the dip angle is 60∘ . Calculate the induced emf But as by definition of angle of dip,
between the plane tips. BV
(a) 0.174 V (b) 0.173 V tan ⁡θ ¿
BH
(c) 1.173 V (d) 0.163 V
BV ¿ B H tan ⁡θ
So, e=( B H tan ⁡ϵ ө) vl=2 ×10−5 × √ 3 ×250 × 20
i.e.
 e=( √ 3)×10
−1
V =0.173 V
A square loop of side 5 cm enters a magnetic When loop is entering in the field, magnetic flux (i.e. × )
field with 1 cms−1 . The front edge enters the linked with the loop increases so induced emf in it
−2 −2 −4
magnetic field at t=0 , then which graph best e=Bvl=0.6 × 1×10 × 5 ×10 =3× 10 V
depicts emf variation correctly? (negative).
When loop completely entered in the field (after 5 s ) flux
linked with the loop remains constant, so e=0 . After 15 s ,
loop begins to exit out, linked magnetic flux decreases, so
induced emf, e=3 ×10−4 V (positive).

A conducting rod ⁡PQ of Motional emf across PQ V =Blv =4 (1)(2)=8 V

length L=1.0 m is moving
with a uniform speed This is the potential to which the capacitor is charged.
−1
v=2.0 ms in a uniform As,
magnetic field B=4.0 T
directed into the paper. A capacitor of capacity q ¿CV
q ¿ ( 10 ×10 ) ×8
−6
C=10 μ F is connected as shown in figure,
then ¿ ¿ 80 μ C

As magnetic force on electron in the conducting rod ⁡PQ is

towards Q , therefore A is positively charged and B is
negatively charged.
q A ¿+80 μ C
i.e.
q B ¿−80 μ C

The loop ABCD is moving with velocity v Potential difference

Current, I =
Resistance
∴ Potential difference ¿ 2 ×12=24 V =Bvl
∘ 3
Here, l= AD sin ⁡37 =0.3 × =0.18 m
5
towards right. The magnetic field is 4 T . The 24 24 100 −1
loop is connected to a resistance of 8 Ω . If steady  Velocity, v= = = ms
Bl 4 × 0.18 3
current of 2 A flows in the loop, then value of v ,
if loop has resistance of 4 Ω , is (Given,
∘ 3
AB=30 cm, AD=30 cm , sin ⁡37 = )
5
50 −1
(a) ms (b) 20 ms−1(c) 10 ms−1(d)
3
100 −1
ms
3
A rectangular loop with a sliding connector of Motional emf induced in the connector,
length l=1.0 m is situated in a uniform e=Blv=2(1)(2)=4 V
magnetic field ¿ 2 T . Perpendicular to the plane
of loop. Resistance of connector is R=2 Ω. Two This acts as a cell of emf 4 V and
resistance of 6 Ω and 3 Ω are connected as internal resistance 2 Ω , 6 Ω and
shown in figure. The external force required to 3 Ω resistors are in parallel.
keep the connector moving with a constant
velocity v=2 ms−1 is 1 1 1 1+ 2 3 1
∴ ¿ + = = =
Rp 6 3 6 6 2
Rp ¿2Ω

∴ Current through the connector, i

E 4
¿ = =1 A
R p +r 2+ 2

Magnetic force on the connector ¿ Bil ¿ 2(1)(1)=2 N

Therefore, to keep the connector moving with a constant
velocity, a force of 2 N has to be applied to the right side.

The figure shows a square loop L of side 5 cm Induced emf in the conductor of length L moving with
which is connected to a network of resistances. velocity of 1 cm/ s in the magnetic field of 1 T is given by
The whole setup is moving towards right with a V =BLv
constant speed of 1 cm s−1. At some instant, a If equivalent resistance of the circuit is Req , then current in
part of L is in a uniform magnetic field of 1 T , V BLv
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. If the the loop will be i= =
Req R eq
resistance of L is 1.7 Ω , the current in the loop
at that instant will be close to Now, given network is a balanced Wheatstone bridge

( QP = RS )
.

So, equivalent resistance of the Wheatstone bridge is

2×4 8 4
RW = = = Ω
2+4 6 3
Again, resistance of conductor is 1.7 Ω .
So, effective resistance will be
4 4 17
Req ¿ +1 ⋅7= +
3 3 10
¿ ¿
By putting given values of Req B and v in Eq. (ii), we have
(1) ( 5× 10−2 ) ×10−2
i=
3
[ Here, L=5 ×10 m , v=1 cm/s=10 m/ s ]
−2 −2

−4
5 ×10 −4
i= =1.67 ×10 A
3
i=167 μ A ≈ 170 μ A

A conducting circular loop is made of a thin wire ∴ For the time interval, t=0 s to t=10 ms ,
has area 3.5 ×10−3 m 2 and resistance 10 Ω . It
is placed perpendicular to a time dependent Δ ϕB A
magnetic field (t)=(0.4 T )sin ⁡( 0.5 πt) . The Q= = ( Bf at 0.01 s −Bi at 0 s )
R R
field is uniform in space, then the net charge
flowing through the loop during t=0 s to Substituting the given values, we get
t=10 ms is close to
−3
3.5× 10
Since, the magnetic field is dependent on time, ¿ [0.4 sin ⁡(0.5 π )−0.4 sin ⁡0]
10
so the net charge flowing through the loop will −4
be given as ¿ 3.5 ×10 (0.4 sin ⁡π /2)
−4
¿1.4 ×10 C
change in magnetic flux, Δ ϕ B ¿ 14 mC
Q=
resistance, R

As, Δ ϕ B=BA=BA cos ⁡θ

where, A is the surface area of the loop and θ is
an angle between B and A .
Here, θ=0 ⇒ Δ ϕ B=BA
Figure (38-E5) shows a square loop of side 5 cm Here u=1 cm/s ,b=0.6 t
being moved towards right at a constant speed (a) At t=2 sec .,
of 1 cm/ s. The front edge enters the 20 cm Distance moved ¿ 2 ×1 cm/ s=2 cm
wide magnetic field at t=0 . Find the emf dΦ
induced in the loop at (a) ¿ 2 s, (b) t=10 s, (c) e=
dt
t=22 s and (d) t=30 s.
0.6 ×(2× 5−0)×10−4
¿
2
¿ 3 × 10−4 V .
(B) At t=10 sec ,
Distance moved ¿ 10 ×1=10 cm
The flux linked does not change with time ∴ e=0
(c) At t=22 sec .
Distance moved ¿ 22 ×1=22 cm.
The loop is moving out of the field ad 2 cm outside;
dΦ dA
e= =B ×
dt dt
0.6 × ( 2 ×5 ×10 )
−4
¿
2
¿ 3 ×10−4 V
(d) At t=30 ∼ sec
The loop is totally outside and flux linked
¿0
∴ e=0
Figure (38-E11) shows a wire sliding on two Since F magnetic =ilB
parallel, This force produces an acceleration of the wire.
conducting rails Since the velocity is given to be constant.
placed at a Hence net force acting on the wire must be zero.
separation l . A
magnetic field
B exists in a
direction perpendicular to the plane of the rails.
What force is necessary to keep the wire moving
at a constant velocity ?
A rectangular frame of wire abcd has
dimensions 32 cm ×8.0 cm and a total (b) Emf induced in the loop, e=vBI
resistance of 2.0 Ω . It is pulled out of a magnetic ⇒ e=25× 0.02× 0.08
−2
field B=0.020 T by applying a force of ¿ 4 ×10 V
3.2 ×10
−5
N (figure 38-E14). It is found that 2
(c) Resistance per unit length is given by r =
the frame moves with constant speed. Find (a) 0.8
this constant speed, (b) Ratio of the resistance of part,
the emf induced in the ad 2 ×0.72
loop, (c) the potential = =1.8 Ω
difference between the
cb 0.8
points a and b and (d) Blv
V ab=iR = ×1.8
the potential difference 2
between the points c and d . 0.2 ×0.08 ×25 × 1.8
¿
2
The emf induced in the rectangular frame is
Blv ¿ 0.036 V =3.6 ×10−2 V
given bye=Blv Current in the coil, i=
R 2× 0.08
The magnetic force on the rectangular frame is d) Resistance of cd= =0.2 Ω
given by 0.8
F=ilB=3.2 ×10
−5
N 0.02 ×0.08 × 25× 0.2 −3
V =iR= =4 ×10 V
On putting the value of i , we get 2
2 2
B l v −5
=3.2× 10
R
¿
Consider the situation shown in figure (38-E18). (a) When the switch is thrown to the middle rail:-
The wire
PQ has a Length of the sliding wire ¿ 2 ×10−2 m
Induced emf, E = Bvl
¿ 1 × ( 5 ×10−2 ) × ( 2 ×10−2 ) V
negligible resistance and is made to slide on the ¿ 10 ×10−4=10−3 V
three rails with a constant speed of 5 cm s−1. Current in the 10 Ω resistor is given by
Find the current in the 10 Ω resistor when the E
i=
switch S is thrown to (a) the middle rail (b) the R
bottom rail. 10
−3
−4
¿ =10 =0.1 mA
10
(b) When the switch is thrown to the bottom rail:-
The length of the sliding wire becomes 4 ×10−2 m.
The induced emf is given by
'
E=BV
¿ 1 × ( 5 ×10 ) × ( 4 ×10 )
−2 −2

¿ 20× 10− 4 V
Now,
−4
20 ×10
Current, i= A
10
−4
¿ 2× 10 A=0.2 mA
A 1 m long thin metal bar of negligible resistance Ans. (d) : Given,
weighing 1 kg rests on two metal supports as Length (l)=1 m
shown in the figure. The supports are connected Weight (W )=1 kg
in series to an ideal cell and a resistance. A
uniform magnetic field 0.5 T is applied in the Magnetic field (B)=0.5 T.
region normal to the plane of the paper and into Resistance (R)=25 Ω.
the paper. Maximum emf that the cell can have We know that,
without breaking the circuit in volt is
 I /B=mg
V
or l B=mg
R
1 ×10 × 25
V=
1 × 0.5
V =500 V

A square loop of side 10 cm and resistance ¿

0.7 Ω is placed vertically in east-west plane. A Magnitude of induced emf
uniform magnetic field of 0.20 T is set up across Δϕ ⃗ B ⋅⃗A−0
the plane in north east direction. The magnetic c= = =√ 2× 10−3 V
field is decreased to zero in 1 s at a steady rate.
Δt l
Then, magnitude of induced emf is
√ x × 10−3 V . The value of x is

A horizontal straight wire 5 m long extending

from east to west falling freely at right angle to −4
B H =0.60× 10 Wb/m
2
horizontal component of earth's magnetic field
−4 −2
0.60 ×10 Wbm . The instantaneous value of Induced emf e=BH v l
emf induced in the wire when its velocity is ¿ 0.60 ×10−4 ×10 ×5
−1 −3 −3
10 ms is ×10 V ¿ 3× 10 V

A square loop PQRS ϵ=NBl v

having 10 turns, area ϵ NBl v
−3
3.6 ×10 m and
2 i= =
R R
resistance 100 Ω is
slowly and uniformly N 2 B2 l 2 v
F=N (il B)=
being pulled out of a R
uniform magnetic field of magnitude B=0.5 T
as shown. Work done in pulling the loop out of
the field in 1.0 s is ×10−6 J .
W =F × l=
R ()
N 2 B2 l 3 l
t
A=l 2
¿