INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
A. Definition:
John McCarthy: AI is the “science and (1) _engineering______________ of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent (2) __computer programs_____________”
1st approach: - create machines than can (3) __think or act_____________ rationally,
though not necessarily just like a human.
Ex: robotic vacuum cleaner: perform physical tasks in a (4) __non-human_____________
way.
2nd approach: - create machines that actually behave like humans – simulate (5)
_human thinking______________ or do things that require human-like intelligence.
Ex: carry on (6) __conversations_____________.
1950: Turing Test can measure if a machine has human-like intelligence,
A judge has a conversation at the same time with a computer and a person. If the
computer can (7) __fool_____________ the human judge and he believes that the
computer is a human, then it (8) ___passes____________ the test.
Turing predicted that by 2000, a computer would be able to pass the test but there
is still none that can do it until today.
B. Challenges:
A machine with human-like intelligence must
1. Possess “natural language (9) __processing_____________ skills” – ability to
communicate (10) _naturally______________ in a language.
2. Possess “knowledge (11) __representation_____________” – ability to store what it
(12) _knows or hears______________.
3. Reason like a human being.
It’s hard to design a computer that possesses common (13) ___sense____________
like humans. -> Computers can’t solve problems based on (14)
__experience_____________ and intuition.
4. Able to learn new things to (15) ___adapt____________ to new situations.
Total Turing test: both visual and physical interaction
The judge can test if the computer can process visual (16) __input_____________.
To pass this test, a computer must (1) possess vision and (2) be robotic so as to
handle objects and (17) __move around_____________.
C. Accomplishments:
1. Robots
- perform dangerous or difficult tasks such as cleaning up (18)
__nuclear_____________ waste.
- Used in hospitals – robodoc - talk to the patient
- perform surgical (19) __procedures_____________
2. Games
Ex: programs that play chess
“natural (20) __language processing_____________”
Ex: computer or cell phones understand and (21) __respond_____________ to voice
commands.
Big question: Should we (22) __develop_____________ intelligent machines?
