SAFETY CRITICAL TASK ANALYSIS

Safety Critical Task Analysis

Department: CONSTRUCTION

Project ID: KURMUK GOLD MINE

APPROVAL

BRUBA Construction:
Name Title Signature Date
Author: Melkamu Dereje HSE Officer

Deputy Project
Reviewer: Elias Ketsela Manager

Approver: Nardos Brehanu Project Manager

Client:
Name Title Signature Date

Revision History
Revision No. Effective Date Description of Changes

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1. Abbreviations and definitions

Abbreviation Definition
ALARP As Low as Reasonably Practicable

CIEHF Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human

Factors
HEA
Human Error Analysis
EI
Energy Institute
HSE
Health and Safety Executive
HTA
Hierarchical Task Analysis
MoC
Management of Change
PIF
Performance Influencing Factors
SCTA
Safety Critical Task Analysis

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Contents
1. Abbreviations and definitions.........................................................................................................2
2. Site Identification & Establishment................................................................................................4
3. Project Mobilization of Plant and Equipment.................................................................................7
4. Setting up Camp & Storage Facilities............................................................................................10
5. Clearing and Grubbing..................................................................................................................11
6. Excavation Work...........................................................................................................................12
7. Working Near Services.................................................................................................................12
8. Lifting & Lowering Operation.......................................................................................................13
9. Scaffold Work...............................................................................................................................14
10. Working at Heights...................................................................................................................14
11. Hazardous Chemical Agents Handling......................................................................................15
12. Stacking & Storage....................................................................................................................15
13. Hot Works.................................................................................................................................16
14. Electrical Works........................................................................................................................17
15. Concrete Works........................................................................................................................17
16. Civil Works................................................................................................................................18
17. Plumbing Works.......................................................................................................................19
18. Roof Works...............................................................................................................................19
19. Interior & Finishing Work.........................................................................................................20
20. SCTA Planning...........................................................................................................................21
21. Roles & Responsibilities............................................................................................................21
22. Management of Actions...........................................................................................................22
23. Operating and Maintenance Procedures..................................................................................22

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24. Task Method Deviations...........................................................................................................22

25. Incident Reporting & Investigation...........................................................................................23
26. Management of Change...........................................................................................................23
27. Management of Other Human Factors.....................................................................................23
28. References................................................................................................................................24

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2. Site Identification & Establishment

Task Inventory

For constructing a camp using prefabricated flatpacks, the task inventory includes key activities that
ensure safe, organized, and efficient site establishment:

 Site Survey and Assessment: Evaluate the terrain, environmental considerations, and
potential hazards.

 Site Clearance: Remove vegetation, debris, and obstacles to prepare the ground.

 Ground Preparation: Level the ground and lay foundations where necessary for flatpack
structures.

 Delivery and Offloading of Flatpacks: Coordinate the delivery of flatpack units, ensuring
access and safety during unloading.

 Assembly of Prefabricated Flatpacks: Set up the flatpacks according to manufacturer

guidelines and design specifications.

 Utility Setup: Install water, electricity, and sewage connections to each flatpack unit.

 Safety Perimeter Setup: Establish barriers around the site to prevent unauthorized access
and ensure security.

 Health and Safety Briefing: Conduct regular safety briefings for all personnel involved in the
establishment tasks.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

Each task within the camp construction process is prioritized based on criticality and potential risk:

 High Priority Tasks: Include assembly of flatpacks, utility setup, and safety perimeter
establishment due to the high risk of injury from equipment handling, utility connections,
and site security requirements.

 Medium Priority Tasks: Ground preparation and site clearance are medium priority as they
involve machinery and potential hazards from uneven terrain.

 Low Priority Tasks: Site survey and environmental assessment have a lower immediate risk
but are crucial for preventing long-term issues and ensuring the overall safety of the site.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

Breaking down the main activities within camp construction for a systematic approach:

Objective: Safely establish a prefabricated flatpack camp that provides secure, habitable units for site
personnel.

Sub-tasks:

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o Conduct Site Assessment: Verify site suitability, considering environmental

conditions and wildlife presence.

o Prepare Ground and Clear Area: Remove any obstructions and ensure a stable
foundation.

o Unload and Position Flatpacks: Position units safely on prepared ground.

o Assemble Flatpacks: Complete assembly according to design requirements.

o Connect Utilities: Provide each unit with water, power, and sewage connections.

o Finalize Safety Measures: Set up perimeter, install fire extinguishers, and post
emergency contact information.

Detailed Steps within Sub-tasks:

o Prepare Ground and Clear Area: Includes steps such as marking layout areas,
levelling, and compacting the ground.

o Assemble Flatpacks: This task includes laying out tools, connecting flatpack panels,
securing joints, and inspecting structure stability.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

Potential errors during camp construction could lead to safety incidents or compromised structure
quality:

 Errors in Ground Preparation: Failing to properly level ground could lead to instability.
Methods to control include detailed ground checks and level measurements.

 Errors in Assembly: Omitting bolts or misaligning panels could result in structural failure.
Controls include thorough training and assembly checklists.

 Utility Connection Errors: Errors like incorrect wiring or loose fittings pose hazards. Controls
include certified electricians and multi-point inspection processes.

 Error in Safety Perimeter Setup: Failing to mark hazardous zones increases accident risks.
Control measures include regular safety audits and clearly marked hazard zones.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

Factors affecting performance during camp establishment include:

 Job Factors:

o Task Complexity: Flatpack assembly involves detailed procedures and tool

requirements, which can be complex in remote settings.

o Environmental Conditions: Temperature extremes, weather, and wildlife presence

affect worker alertness and comfort.

 Person Factors:

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o Fatigue and Stress: Working in remote locations with limited resources can increase
stress and fatigue, impacting decision-making.

o Competency: Workers require specific skills, especially for assembly and utility
connections.

 Organization Factors:

o Safety Culture: A strong commitment to safety is needed to handle remote

challenges.

o Supervision: Regular on-site supervision ensures adherence to safety protocols and

task accuracy.

Task Risk Evaluation

The risk evaluation assesses current controls and determines additional safeguards:

 Existing Controls:

o Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for all personnel during assembly and utility
connections.

o Checklists for assembly and utility installation.

o Safety Barriers around high-risk areas like active machinery zones.

 Additional Controls:

o Ground Stability Assessments: Regular checks on stability before flatpack placement.

o Assembly Quality Inspections: Independent inspection post-assembly to confirm

structural integrity.

o Utility Safety Checks: Multiple inspections by certified professionals for water,

sewage, and electrical connections.

Analysis Validation

Validation steps include observations and walkthroughs to ensure the HTA, HEA, and PIF findings
match real-world conditions:

 Task Observation: Observe assembly and utility setup steps to confirm safe practices are
followed.

 Walkthroughs with Experienced Personnel: Conduct discussions on best practices for remote
camp construction, allowing experts to share insights on overcoming common challenges.

 Adjustments and Updates: Make real-time adjustments to procedures based on

observations. For instance, modifying ground preparation techniques if terrain conditions
vary.

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 Documented Findings: Record findings and adjust training and operational procedures as
needed for future remote camp projects.

3. Project Mobilization of Plant and Equipment

Task Inventory
For mobilizing plant and equipment specifically for a prefabricated flatpack camp, the task inventory
includes several key activities essential to ensure that all necessary tools, machinery, and
prefabricated materials are safely delivered, offloaded, and set up.

 Equipment Transport and Logistics: Arranging transport for prefabricated flatpack units,
construction equipment, cranes, and essential camp setup materials.

 Offloading and Positioning of Flatpacks: Coordinating the offloading of flatpacks and

equipment, ensuring placement aligns with the planned site layout.

 Inspection and Setup of Equipment: Conducting initial inspections to confirm all equipment is
functional and safe for use. This includes verifying that cranes, forklifts, and other lifting tools
are in proper working order.

 Storage Setup for Materials: Establishing secure storage areas for materials and equipment
not immediately needed to prevent weather exposure and maintain organization.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

Prioritization of each task is essential for ensuring that high-risk elements of mobilization are
managed effectively:

 High Priority:

o Offloading and Positioning of Flatpacks: Given the high risk involved in handling large
and heavy prefabricated components, offloading is prioritized. This stage involves
cranes and forklifts, which require skilled operation and strict adherence to safety
protocols.

o Inspection and Setup of Equipment: Ensuring that lifting and transport equipment is
in optimal condition is critical to prevent accidents during the offloading and
assembly stages.

 Medium Priority:

o Transport Logistics: Transportation to the site, especially in remote areas, involves

navigating rough terrain, potentially requiring support vehicles and route planning.

 Low Priority:

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o Storage Setup: This is a lower-risk activity but is essential for maintaining

organization and material safety.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

To facilitate a structured approach, the key tasks in mobilizing plant and equipment are broken down
as follows:

Objective: Efficiently and safely mobilize all necessary equipment to construct a

prefabricated flatpack camp according to site layout requirements.

Sub-tasks:

o Arrange Equipment Transport and Delivery: Coordinate transport for prefabricated

materials, cranes, forklifts, and any additional tools or structures.

o Prepare Offloading Zones: Designate and secure zones for safe unloading of
flatpacks, ensuring stability and accessibility.

o Offload and Position Flatpacks and Equipment: Use cranes and forklifts to safely
offload, position, and secure each flatpack according to the camp layout.

o Inspect and Set Up Equipment: Perform initial inspections of all mobilized equipment
to confirm it is functional and safe for use.

o Organize Material Storage: Set up organized, weather-protected storage areas for

equipment and materials not currently in use.

Detailed Steps within Sub-tasks:

o Transport Coordination: Confirm delivery schedules and ensure transport methods

match the road conditions.

o Offloading: Utilize cranes and designated lifting points on the flatpacks to position
each unit safely.

o Positioning: Position the flatpacks according to the layout, ensuring each component
is stable before detaching lifting equipment.

o Inspection: Inspect cranes, forklifts, and tools to ensure readiness and safety before
offloading.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

Potential human errors during mobilization can lead to safety risks, damage to materials, or delays:

 Errors in Offloading and Positioning:

o Omission: Failing to follow lifting protocols (e.g., not using designated lifting points)
can result in structural damage.

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o Misalignment: Incorrect positioning of flatpacks or improper crane handling can

create instability, increasing the risk of tipping.

o Timing Errors: Premature release of flatpack units before stability checks are
complete can lead to accidents.

 Inspection and Setup Errors:

o Inadequate Inspection: Overlooking faults in cranes or forklifts could lead to

operational failure.

o Misuse of Equipment: Using equipment not suited for certain materials (e.g., using
forklifts for oversized loads) can lead to damage or tipping.

Controls:

 Training and Certification: Operators should be trained on specific machinery used in flatpack
handling.

 Checklists: Step-by-step checklists ensure all necessary inspections and positioning checks
are completed.

 Supervision: Supervisors oversee offloading to confirm adherence to safety protocols.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

Several factors impact performance during the mobilization of plant and equipment, including:

 Job Factors:

o Complexity of Task: Moving large, prefabricated structures requires skill and

familiarity with machinery.

o Equipment Suitability: Availability of the right cranes, forklifts, and other equipment
affects task efficiency and safety.

 Environmental Factors:

o Weather Conditions: Weather significantly impacts crane and forklift operation, as

wind or rain can make equipment handling riskier.

o Terrain: Uneven or muddy ground increases the difficulty of positioning equipment

and flatpacks.

 Person Factors:

o Competency and Experience: Operators need experience handling prefabricated

materials.

o Fatigue and Stress: Working under tight schedules, especially in remote locations,
can lead to increased fatigue and potential errors.

 Organization Factors:

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o Communication and Supervision: Clear communication and effective supervision

ensure that all operators understand their roles and adhere to safety protocols.

o Safety Culture: A strong emphasis on safety and risk management reduces the
likelihood of accidents during mobilization.

Task Risk Evaluation

Risk evaluation ensures that all hazards associated with plant and equipment mobilization are
mitigated to ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable):

 Current Controls:

o Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Mandatory PPE, such as helmets, gloves, and
high-visibility vests, for all personnel.

o Pre-operation Inspections: Required equipment inspections for cranes, forklifts, and

other machinery before any mobilization activities.

o Site Demarcation: Secure fencing around offloading zones to restrict access to only
authorized personnel.

 Additional Controls:

o Load Stability Checks: Ensure all flatpack components are stable before detaching
lifting equipment.

o Equipment Monitoring Systems: Continuous monitoring of crane load levels and

other operational metrics helps identify and prevent overloading.

Analysis Validation

Validation is conducted through observations, walkthroughs, and feedback collection to ensure that
all procedures reflect actual site conditions and operational requirements:

 Observation of Offloading: Supervisors monitor offloading procedures to ensure protocols

are strictly followed.

 Walkthrough with Experienced Personnel: Conduct walkthroughs to ensure operators

understand each stage of mobilization, including unloading, inspection, and positioning.

 Feedback Collection: Gather insights from operators and supervisors on any challenges
encountered during mobilization, such as environmental difficulties or equipment limitations.

 Documentation: Record findings and improvements to refine future mobilization tasks. All
adjustments made during validation are added to the standard operating procedures (SOPs)
to provide clarity for future tasks.

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4. Setting up Camp & Storage Facilities

Task Inventory

 Site Layout Planning: Define layout for living, dining, and storage areas.

 Setting up Storage: Secure materials and equipment storage.

 Utility Connection: Connect power, water, and sewage for camp operations.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Utility setup, as it involves electrical and plumbing safety.

 Medium Priority: Storage organization for potential fire hazards.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Create a functional, safe, and organized living/storage facility.

 Sub-tasks: Site planning, secure storage, utility connections.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Incorrect storage, utility connection faults.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Complexity: Coordinating layout and utility requirements.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Fireproof storage verified utility connections.

Analysis Validation

 Walkthroughs: Inspect layout and utility connections.

5. Clearing and Grubbing

Task Inventory

 Site Clearing: Remove vegetation and obstacles.

 Grubbing: Uproot plants to prepare the ground for construction.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Machinery use due to operator risks.

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Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Clear construction area.

 Sub-tasks: Mark areas, clear vegetation, dispose debris.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Mishandling equipment or improper marking.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Environmental: Weather affecting machinery handling.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Proper PPE, trained operators.

Analysis Validation

 Observation: Supervisors confirm adherence to safety practices.

6. Excavation Work
Task Inventory

 Mark Excavation Zones: Identify and mark excavation areas.

 Excavation: Remove soil, ensuring structural stability.

 Soil Testing: Verify soil stability and composition.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Excavation near existing structures or utilities.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Safe and precise soil removal.

 Sub-tasks: Mark areas, soil testing, excavation.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Failing to secure site or incorrect excavation depth.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Environmental: Soil type, weather, and terrain.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Soil stability checks, safe trenching.

Analysis Validation

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 Walkthroughs: Ensure adherence to excavation procedures.

7. Working Near Services

Task Inventory

 Utility Mapping: Identify nearby underground services.

 Barrier Setup: Establish protective barriers near live utilities.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Tasks near high-voltage lines or gas pipes.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Avoid contact with or damage to services.

 Sub-tasks: Utility mapping, protective barrier setup.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Failing to identify services or inadequate barriers.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Complexity: Accuracy required for mapping services.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Accurate maps, secure barriers.

Analysis Validation

 Validation: Survey and confirm before starting work.

8. Lifting & Lowering Operation

Task Inventory

 Prepare Lifting Equipment: Inspect cranes and slings.

 Positioning: Secure loads properly.

 Operation: Conduct lifts under supervision.

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Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Heavy or awkward loads.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Safe lifting.

 Sub-tasks: Inspect, position, lift.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Misalignment or unbalanced lifting.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Load Type: Load weight and shape affect lifting safety.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Supervision, load checks.

Analysis Validation

 Supervision: Confirm load safety.

9. Scaffold Work
Task Inventory

 Scaffold Setup: Erect scaffold structure.

 Inspection: Confirm stability and safety.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: High-elevation scaffolding.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Provide a stable working platform.

 Sub-tasks: Assemble, secure, inspect.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Incorrect assembly or unsecured scaffold.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Complexity: High scaffolds require extra stability.

Task Risk Evaluation

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 Controls: PPE, frequent inspections.

Analysis Validation

 Daily Checks: Ensure scaffold safety.

10. Working at Heights

Task Inventory

 Equipment Check: Ensure harnesses, ladders are safe.

 Secure Area: Set up fall protection.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Unstable surfaces or high elevations.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Prevent falls.

 Sub-tasks: Check equipment, set up fall protection.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Misuse of fall protection equipment.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Environmental: Weather impacts at heights.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: PPE, secured areas.

Analysis Validation

 Validation: Routine safety checks.

11. Hazardous Chemical Agents Handling

Task Inventory

 Storage: Ensure safe storage.

 Handling: Follow protocols for handling chemicals.

 Disposal: Properly dispose of chemicals.

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Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Toxic or flammable chemicals.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Prevent chemical exposure or spills.

 Sub-tasks: Storage, handling, disposal.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Improper handling or mixing of chemicals.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Complexity: Requires detailed protocols.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: PPE, clear labelling.

Analysis Validation

 Walkthroughs: Confirm safe handling and storage.

12. Stacking & Storage

Task Inventory

 Material Sorting: Sort materials by type and size.

 Stacking: Organize materials in safe, stable stacks.

 Storage Layout: Plan storage layout to allow safe access and handling.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Large or heavy materials that could cause injury if stacks collapse.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Safely organize and store materials.

 Sub-tasks: Sort materials, stack in stable arrangements, plan safe layout.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Incorrect stacking height, unbalanced stacking, blocked access.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Job Complexity: Requires attention to load stability and accessibility.

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Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Stack height limitations, stable bases, clear pathways.

1.7 Analysis Validation

 Walkthrough: Inspect stacking and storage for stability and accessibility.

13. Hot Works

Task Inventory

 Permit Issuance: Obtain necessary permits for hot works.

 Prepare Work Area: Clear flammable materials from the area.

 Conduct Hot Work: Perform welding, cutting, or grinding tasks.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Tasks generating sparks or open flames in areas with flammable materials.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Conduct hot works safely.

 Sub-tasks: Obtain permit, clear work area, perform task with fire suppression nearby.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Not obtaining permits, failing to clear area of flammables, improper tool use.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Environmental: Requires well-ventilated, controlled space.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Fire extinguishers, heat-resistant PPE, spark arrestors.

Analysis Validation

 Validation: Permit checks, area inspections, equipment review.

14. Electrical Works

Task Inventory

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 Power Isolation: De-energize circuits and equipment.

 Electrical Work: Install, repair, or maintain wiring and fixtures.

 Testing and Verification: Ensure safe operation of electrical systems.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Live electrical work or work in high-voltage areas.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Safely install and maintain electrical systems.

 Sub-tasks: Isolate power, perform work, test and verify.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Failing to de-energize equipment, improper tool use, incorrect wiring.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Job Complexity: Requires skilled handling of tools and equipment.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Lockout/tagout, insulated tools, PPE.

Analysis Validation

 Walkthroughs: Ensure de-energized state, verify connections, and inspect for compliance.

15. Concrete Works

Task Inventory

 Formwork Preparation: Set up formwork to hold concrete.

 Mixing and Pouring: Mix concrete to specifications, pour into forms.

 Curing: Allow concrete to cure, ensuring it remains undisturbed.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Pouring and levelling concrete due to risk of instability.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Properly pour, level, and cure concrete.

 Sub-tasks: Formwork setup, mixing, pouring, curing.

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Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Incorrect mix ratio, uneven levelling, insufficient curing time.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Job Complexity: Ensuring consistency in mix and curing conditions.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Use mixing ratios, curing covers, vibrators for levelling.

Analysis Validation

 Checks: Quality checks for mix consistency, level inspection, curing review.

16. Civil Works

Task Inventory

 Site Preparation: Grading, levelling, and clearing.

 Foundation Laying: Install concrete or brick foundations.

 Structural Setup: Assemble necessary structural components.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Foundation work due to structural importance.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Construct durable and stable foundation structures.

 Sub-tasks: Site prep, foundation laying, structural setup.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Miscalculating foundation depth, incorrect alignment of structural elements.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Environmental: Soil quality and weather can impact foundations.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Site surveys, accurate measurements, soil analysis.

Analysis Validation

 Inspection: Verify foundation depth, alignment, and structural integrity.

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17. Plumbing Works

Task Inventory

 Pipe Installation: Install pipes for water supply and drainage.

 Fitting Fixtures: Connect taps, showers, toilets, and drainage systems.

 Testing: Check for leaks and proper flow.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Pipe connections under pressure.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Ensure leak-free, secure plumbing installation.

 Sub-tasks: Pipe installation, fixture fitting, testing.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Loose fittings, incorrect connections, inadequate sealing.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Complexity: Variability in pipe types and fittings.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Pressure testing, use of approved fittings, secure connections.

Analysis Validation

 Testing: Leak testing, pressure checks, flow tests.

18. Roof Works

Task Inventory

 Roof Support Setup: Set up supports and bracing.

 Roof Installation: Install roofing materials.

 Sealing and Finishing: Ensure joints and edges are sealed.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 High Priority: Working at heights, ensuring structural stability.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

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 Objective: Safe, watertight roofing.

 Sub-tasks: Support setup, material installation, sealing.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Incorrect placement, failure to secure edges.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Environmental: Wind and rain increase fall risk.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Secure ladders, fall protection, weather assessments.

Analysis Validation

 Walkthrough: Inspect edge securing, sealing, and roof stability.

19. Interior & Finishing Work

Task Inventory

 Wall Painting: Apply paint or finishes.

 Fixture Installation: Install interior fixtures and fittings.

 Cleaning and Quality Check: Final inspection and cleanup.

Prioritizing Tasks for Analysis

 Medium Priority: Fixture installation due to tools and potential hazards.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

 Objective: Complete interior work to specification.

 Sub-tasks: Painting, fixture setup, final inspection.

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

 Errors: Inaccurate painting, loose fixtures, incomplete cleaning.

Performance Influencing Factors (PIF)

 Job Complexity: Detailed work requires precision.

Task Risk Evaluation

 Controls: Use correct tools, verify fixture stability, quality checks.

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Analysis Validation

 Walkthrough: Inspect painting quality, fixture security, final cleanup.

20. SCTA Planning

Effective SCTA planning for prefabricated flatpack camp construction requires a thorough
identification of safety-critical tasks, prioritization of high-risk activities, resource allocation, and
comprehensive documentation.

1. Identify Safety-Critical Tasks: For flatpack construction, critical tasks include site
identification, plant and equipment mobilization, lifting and lowering operations, scaffold
work, electrical and plumbing installations, and stacking and storage. Each task is assessed to
determine its risk level and complexity.

2. Allocate Resources: Assign SCTA facilitators, safety officers, and qualified personnel to
manage high-risk activities such as offloading flatpacks, lifting operations, and utility
connections. Key resources include certified crane operators, electricians, plumbers, and
skilled labourers experienced in prefabricated flatpack assembly.

3. Schedule Analysis: Prioritize high-risk tasks, scheduling them first for SCTA analysis to ensure
thorough planning and resource readiness. Sequential planning is essential in flatpack camp
construction, where each task (e.g., ground levelling, flatpack offloading, utility setup) is
dependent on the completion of previous stages.

4. Documentation and Monitoring: Maintain a log of all SCTA findings, action items, and task
statuses. Consistent monitoring and recording of updates ensure that safety protocols
remain aligned with real-time changes and that corrective actions are immediately
implemented if any risks or challenges arise.

21. Roles & Responsibilities

Roles and responsibilities in SCTA implementation are clearly defined to ensure accountability,
adherence to protocols, and effective task execution during the camp construction process:

 Project Manager: Holds overall responsibility for SCTA implementation on-site, ensuring
resource availability, adherence to safety protocols, and overseeing high-risk activities like
crane operation, stacking, and utility installations.

 Safety Advisor: Assigns qualified personnel and oversees SCTA processes, focusing on tasks
with complex machinery, hazardous materials, or elevated risk levels, ensuring all safety
measures are planned and supervised.

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 Supervisors: Ensure that personnel are SCTA-ready, briefed on safety protocols, and adhering
to SCTA findings for each phase, particularly during high-risk tasks such as offloading and
erecting flatpacks, scaffold work, and handling hazardous materials.

 Employees: Adhere to SCTA-documented procedures, perform safety-critical tasks according

to plan, and report any deviations or issues encountered during flatpack assembly or utility
connections.

22. Management of Actions

 Action Tracker: Use an action tracker to monitor completion of improvement actions
identified during SCTA. The tracker logs action items, assigns responsible personnel, and
includes deadlines for each task phase to ensure timeliness.

 Assign Responsibility: Each action should be assigned to a specific person, with accountability
measures in place for on-time completion and adherence to safety protocols.

 Regular Reviews: Conduct periodic reviews of the action tracker to ensure that progress
aligns with SCTA recommendations. Adjust action plans as needed based on any changes in
task requirements, site conditions, or SCTA updates.

23. Operating and Maintenance Procedures

 Procedure Review: Regularly review operating and maintenance procedures based on SCTA
findings. In flatpack construction, this includes ensuring that procedures for high-risk tasks
(e.g., lifting operations, scaffold setup, electrical connections) are up-to-date and that
personnel have clear guidelines for each step.

 Documentation: Ensure that all procedures are documented and accessible to on-site
personnel. Clearly outline each phase, such as flatpack assembly, material storage, and
plumbing, so all team members have reference points for safe task execution.

 Training: Use documented procedures in training programs, offering refresher sessions for
personnel involved in high-risk activities. Emphasize procedures like equipment inspection,
crane operation, and safe chemical handling to reinforce safety protocols.

24. Task Method Deviations

If deviations from standard task methods are necessary:

 Document Deviations: All deviations from SCTA procedures must be recorded with a detailed
explanation of the cause, circumstances, and impacts on task safety. This helps evaluate
whether the deviation could pose additional risks or require new safety measures.

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 Temporary Adjustments: For urgent or emergency cases, temporary adjustments may be

approved by supervisors and documented immediately. Such adjustments should be
minimized and controlled to maintain safety.

 Review and Revise: After completing tasks with deviations, review the cause of deviation,
identify possible root causes, and revise procedures or protocols as necessary. Document
these updates to improve future task execution.

25. Incident Reporting & Investigation

A structured approach to incident reporting and investigation ensures that SCTA processes remain
responsive to real-world conditions:

 Incident Reporting: Establish a clear protocol for reporting incidents related to SCTA tasks.
High-risk tasks, such as working at heights, lifting operations, and hazardous material
handling, should have immediate reporting requirements for any incidents.

 Root Cause Analysis: Conduct thorough investigations to identify whether the incident was
due to human error, environmental conditions, or equipment failure. Determine corrective
actions to prevent future occurrences.

 Update SCTA Findings: Use investigation outcomes to refine SCTA procedures, implementing
necessary changes to prevent similar incidents and address any gaps in safety protocols.

26. Management of Change

For any changes in procedures, equipment, or task execution requirements:

 Impact Assessment: Assess how changes impact safety-critical tasks. Determine whether
additional SCTA analysis is needed and if existing procedures require adjustments.

 SCTA Review: Revaluate and update SCTA for tasks affected by change, ensuring safety
controls and procedures remain relevant and effective under new conditions.

 Documentation: Record all changes and communicate updates to personnel. Provide

additional training if necessary, to familiarize the team with updated procedures.

27. Management of Other Human Factors

Several human factors impact SCTA implementation and task execution, especially in remote
construction projects:

 Fatigue and Stress: Manage schedules to minimize fatigue, particularly for tasks requiring
high concentration, such as crane operation, hazardous chemical handling, and working at

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heights. Consider rotating personnel to reduce continuous exposure to high-stress

conditions.

 Communication: Establish clear communication channels for safety issues, task handovers,
and emergencies. Ensure that personnel are comfortable with reporting issues and that there
is a system for immediate escalation of any safety concerns.

 Competence Management: Verify that personnel performing safety-critical tasks are trained,
experienced, and competent, especially in handling specific tools, operating heavy machinery
and managing hazardous materials. Regular competency assessments are essential to
maintain high safety standards.

 Organizational Learning: Foster a culture of continuous improvement where SCTA insights

and experiences are shared across the team. Lessons learned from each phase of
construction, particularly in the management of complex or hazardous tasks, should be
incorporated into ongoing training and procedure updates.

28. References
I. COMAH Competent Authority Inspecting Human Factors at COMAH Establishments
(Operational Delivery Guide) https://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/assets/docs/hf-delivery-
guide.pdf
II. Performance Influencing Factors (PIFs)
https://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/assets/docs/pifs.pdf
III. The Human Factors Inspector’s Toolkit http://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/toolkit.htm
IV. Reducing Error and Influencing Behavior, HSG48, Second Edition, 1999
https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg48.pdf
V. The Human Factors Inspector’s Toolkit http://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/toolkit.htm
VI. Human Factors Assessment of. Safety Critical Tasks. OTO 1999/092 https://abrisk.co.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2023/09/OTO-1999-092.pdf (withdrawn from HSE
VII. Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (CIEHF) How to carry out human
factor’s assessments of critical tasks: Guidance for COMAH establishments
https://ergonomics.org.uk/resource/comah-guidance.html
VIII. Energy Institute: Guidance on Human Factors Safety Critical Task Analysis (Second Edition)
https://publishing.energyinst.org/topics/human-and-organisational-factors/risk-
management/guidance-on-human-factors-safety-critical-task-analysis2
IX. Energy Institute. Human factors briefing note no. 11 – Task analysis
https://publishing.energyinst.org/topics/process-safety/leadership/human-factors-briefing-
note-no.-11-task-analysis
X. FDRE Ministry of Labor and social affairs occupational Health and Safety Directives

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