SAFETY

INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS SAFETY???
• It is a condition which gives you freedom from
hazard, risk, accident which may cause injury,
damage and loss to material or property
damage and even death.
HAZARD :
 A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition.
 It may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social
and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

 Situation –working alone

 Condition- heat stress ,wind, heavy rain
 Process - working high noise area abrasive blasting
,sandblasting
 Material - handling radioactive material
 Other thing - safety officer finding during work
RISK:
 The likelihood that a person may be harmed
or suffers adverse health effects if exposed
to a hazard.

RISK = LIKELIHOOD * SEVERITY

 NEAR MISS
• A near-miss is a potential hazard or incident in
which no property was damaged and no
personal injury was sustained, but where,
given a slight shift in time or position, damage
or injury easily could have occurred.
 INCIDENT
• An incident is an event that has
unintentionally happened, but this may not
result in damage, harm or injury.
• Therefore, every accident can be an incident.
• However not all incidents can be termed as an
accident
 ACCIDENT
• An undesirable or unfortunate happening that
occurs unintentionally and usually results in
harm, injury, damage, or loss; casualty;
mishap: automobile accidents.
• Law, such a happening resulting in injury that
is in no way the fault of the injured person for
which compensation or indemnity is legally
sought.
 INJURY
 Injury is an external damage to the human body disturbance. Thus
function resulted from accident , injury could be physiological and
need not always be a physical harm.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF INJURY:
 Minor injury - slight injury with no loss of life
 Moderate injury - more than minor injury but no loss of life
 Major injury - in case where there is loss of life (or)damage to
property
 Disaster - in case where there is extensive loss of life
PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABILITY(PPD):
• The victim is permanently disability but disability is not total ,he can
be given lift duty.

PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY(PTD):

• The disability is total can not work at all-time can`t cure the
disability

TEMPORARY PARTIAL DISABILITY(TPD):

• The victim is disabled for a short period with the minor
(or)moderate injury.
• The victim can regent his original working capacity with some first
aid medical treatment
TEMPORARY TOTAL DISABILITY(TTD):
• The disability is total and not able to work at all but after a certain
period of time the victim can work but can do only very little work
here after.
LOSS OF LIFE:
• Fatal (or) death is loss of life

DISABLE INJURY / LT INJURY / REPORTABLE INJURY:

• An injury due to which employee (or) worker can`t
joint back for the job within 48 hours from the time of
accident is called LT.

NLT – NON LOST TIME INJURY:

• An injury which requires medical treatment only
without causing any disablement.
• The worker will be able to report back to duty before
48 hours from the accident time is called NLT .
HAZARD RECOGNITION:
• The act of recognizing the dangerous (or) hazardous situation
(or)condition in a work activity is called HR.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
• The process of determining whether the exposure to
something /agent/condition that can cause a change in the
health condition of work is called hazard identification .
HAZARD ASSESSMENT:
• An analysis of physical chemical and biological properties of
hazard is called hazard assessment .
RISK IDENTIFICATION:
• The recognizing that exists and the deciding the probability of the hazard
causing incident is called risk identification.
RISK ANALYSIS:
• The detailed procedure of risk identification assessment and evolution
performance to understand the nature of negative consequence to life
property and the environment .
UNSAFE ACT:
• An action of worker resulting in poor safety performance are
resulting an injury to a person.
• Loss of property or damage to the environment is called UNSAFE
ACT
UNSAFE CONDITION:
• The factor which can lead to an incident or to an accident
such as unguarded machine poorly protected the chemical
storage etc is called Unsafe Condition.
CORRECTIVE ACTION:
• The temporary safety measures taken to protect or control
the work place from hazard are called corrective action (ca).
PREVENTIVE ACTION:
• The permanent safety measures taken to prevent the
recurrence of incident/accident for ever is called prevent
action (pa).
 HISTORY OF SAFETY:(SAFETY COME
FROM UK)
• The rapid development of stream power lead to the
growth of employment in Great Britain (GP)
• Women &children where employed including men
worker `s in factories Because of industrialization many
work place injuries continued to happen.
To compensate these accident a common worker
compensation law
 A. In Germany 1885
 B. In great Britten 1887
 C. In united states 1902
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY IN USA:
• The role of American govt in the safety movement is clearly under stood of
various laws and regulations that had shaped the safety concept.
• The creations of US department of labor was as signification step in the
control of occupational safety in the US.
• The enactment of Williams &stagier act 1970 more popularly know as the
OSHA act was primarily responsible for the prevention of occupational
injuries and diseases in US.
• OSHA because the most powerful safety law passed.
• It enforced safety and health standards for all places of
employment with criminal and civil penalties’ for violations.
• A new agency OSHA was created to enforce this act
WORKERS RIGHTS UNDER OSHA:
• The right to request in writing for safety &health inspection in the plant(or) site .
• Right to identify by dangerous substance by labeling.
• The right to know about safety violations by site
• Right to identify by dangerous substance by labeling.
• The right to know about safety violations by the employer
• The right to participate in safety committee meeting
EMPLOYERS RIGHT UNDER OSHA:
• The right to file an appeal in case of penalty.
• The right to know the reason for OSHA inspection.
• The right to participate in the inspection.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY IN INDIA:
• The constitution of India contains specific provision on OH&S of worker.
• No child under the age of 14 year shall be employed in any factory, mines(or) any other
hazardous area.
• The labor ministry developed DGFASLI & DGMS director general of Mines safety to achieve
the principals written in constitution of India in the areas of OH&S in factory, mines and
ports.
• The DGFASLI runs and controls four labor institute for advising factories OH&S policy.
• The labor institute own by DGFASLI.
• CLI-central labor institute’s (Mumbai)b) RLI-regional labor institutes at(Kolkata, Kanpur,
Chennai)
Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labor Institutes - DGFASLI
EVOLUTION OF MODERN SAFETY CONCEPT:

• In the present days industrial are becoming more and more

complex
• Huge investments are made for the construction of industries
• Any negligence at any stage of designs erecting and operation can
result into disaster, loss of life and huge production losses.
• In the present days accident can be costly to the management in
terms of cost of medical facilities & loss of production.
• So safety aspect should be given serious consideration Berried
safety the health and environment production also should be given
importance
 SAFETY MANAGEMENT
• Safety management seeks to proactively
mitigate safety risks before they result in
aviation accidents and incidents.
• Through the implementation of safety
management, States can manage their safety
activities in a more disciplined, integrative and
focused manner.
 COMPONENTS OF SAFETY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Safety Policy.
• Safety Risk Management.
• Safety Assurance.
• Safety Promotion (Safety Culture)

SAFETY POLICY:

• A health and safety policy is a written statement by an

employer stating the company's commitment for the
protection of the health and safety of employees and
to the public.
• It is an endorsed commitment by management to its
employees regarding their health and safety.
HOW A SAFETY POLICY SHOULD BE….
 A company safety policy must be written that is simple and easy to
interpret.
 It must be incorporated into your overall safety system and communicated
to all employees.
 If the current safety policy does not outline how employees are to report
hazards, it should be modified to document appropriate procedures.

RECENT AMENDMENT IN HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY:

 In March 2024, a number of amendments to the Occupational Health and
Safety Act were proclaimed. Effective March 1, 2024:
• Employers with 20 or more workers at a worksite will require and
occupational health and safety committees and a program.
• Employers with fewer than 20 workers at a worksite require an
occupational health and safety policy and worker representative.
• Where there are fewer than six workers at a worksite, the employer is to
appoint a workplace health and safety designate.
 IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF
SAFETY POLICY:
• A health and safety policy is an integral part of
any organization, irrespective of the industry
or size of the company.
• Its function extends far beyond fulfilling legal
obligations; it plays a significant role in
ensuring the well-being of employees and
maintaining a productive, safe workplace.
• Let’s delve deeper into the purpose and
importance of a health and safety policy.
 SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT
• A process within the Safety Management
System composed of describing the system,
identifying the hazards, and analyzing,
assessing, and controlling the risk.”
• RISK MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS :
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Mitigation
The flow chart below depicting
the Risk Management process:
 SAFETY ASSURANCE
• Safety assurance includes systematic and
ongoing monitoring and recording of your
safety performance, as well as evaluating your
safety management processes and practices.
SMS COMPONENTS ELEMENTS
SAFETY PERFORMANCE
SAFETY ASSURANCE MONITERING AND
MEASUREMENT
MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
SAFETY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS:
• The development of SPIs should be linked to your safety objectives and be
based on the analysis of data that is available or obtainable. The
monitoring and measurement process involves the use of selected SPIs
and corresponding SPTs.
• SPIs should encompass a wide spectrum of indicators to provide a fuller
and more realistic picture of your safety performance.
This should include:
 low probability / high severity consequence events, such as accidents and
serious incidents.
 high probability / low severity consequence events, such as non
consequential operational events, non-conformance reports or
operational deviations.
 process or system performances, such as training completion status,
safety meeting frequencies and attendance, and safety report processing.
SAFETY PERFORMANCE TARGETS:
• Once your SPIs have been established you should consider if it’s
appropriate to identify and develop SPTs and subsequent alert levels.
• SPTs should be realistic, context specific and achievable when considering
your resources available and your operational context.
 SAFETY PROMOTION
• Safety promotion is the process used to communicate, develop and sustain
safety in your business.
• It helps your business improve safety performance by communicating lessons
learned, broader safety information, and the distribution of Safety
Management System (SMS) principles and associated procedures.
WHY WE NEED SAFETY PROMOTION???
• Supporting and promoting safety in your business clearly establishes
management’s commitment to your SMS.
HOW CAN WE PROMOTE SAFETY ???
• conducting thorough risk assessments and involving everyone in the
process
• encouraging employees and third parties to report any safety concerns
• responding in a timely way to safety concerns, hazards, risks and any
incidents
• thoroughly investigating incidents and near misses, and communicating
lessons learned
• making safety a primary focus in inductions
• developing and encouraging safety leaders in your business
• promoting and attending safety meetings and safety training sessions.
SAFETY COMMUNICATION:
• Safety communication is the exchange of safety information through
spoken, written and other means.
• It is one of the most effective tools to support your SMS.
IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY COMMUNICATION:
• Safety communication is important because it raises safety awareness and
understanding.
• It keeps everyone informed and involved, and makes sure they know
what’s going on with safety in your business.
THANK YOU…