Chapter = 2( acid, base, salt) class = 10

1. An acid can react with

a. AgCl
b. Na2CO3
c. PbSO4
d. Na2SO4
Ans: The correct answer is (b) Na2CO3

2. Which of the following gives CO2CO2 on heating?

a. Slaked
b. Quick lime
c. Limestone
d. Soda ash.
Ans: The correct answer is (c) Limestone

3. Plaster of Paris is made from

a. Limestone
b. Slaked Lime
c. Quick lime
d. Gypsum
Ans: The correct answer is (d) Gypsum

4. Which is a base and not alkali?

a. NaOH
b. KOH
c. Fe(OH)3
d. None
Ans: The correct answer is (c) Fe(OH)3
5. Chemical formula of baking soda is
a. MgSO4
b. Na2CO3
c. NaHCO3
d. MgCO3
Ans: The correct answer is (c) NaHCO3

6. The H+ ion concentration of a solution is 1.0 × 10-5m1.0. The solution

is
a. Acidic
b. Alkaline
c. Neutral
(d) Amphoteric
Ans: The correct answer is (a) Acidic

7. An aqueous solution with pH-zero is

a. Acidic
b. Alkaline
c. Neutral
(d) Amphoteric
Ans: The correct answer is (a) Acidic

8. The setting of Plaster of Paris takes place due to

a. Oxidation
b. Reduction
c. Dehydration
d. Hydration
Ans: The correct answer is (d) Hydration

9. The difference of water molecules is gypsum and Plaster of Paris is

a. 52
b. 22
c. 12
d. 32
Ans: The correct answer is (d) 32

10. The odor of acetic acid resembles that of

a. Rose
b. Burning Plastic
c. Vinegar
d. Kerosene
Ans: The correct answer is (c) Vinegar

11. Washing soda has the formula

a. Na2CO3.7H2O
b. Na2CO3.10H2O
c. Na2CO3.H2O
d. Na2CO3
Ans: The correct answer is (b) Na2CO3.10H2O

12. Plaster of Paris hardens by

a. Giving off CO2
b. Changing into CaCO3
c. Combining with water
d. Giving out water
Ans: The correct answer is (c) Combining with water

13. Which of the following is evolved when Na2CO3 is heated?

a. CO2
b. CO
c. O2
d. No
Ans: The correct answer is (a)CO2

14. A drop of the liquid sample was put on the pH paper, the paper turned
blue. The liquid sample must be of
a. Lemon Juice
b. HCl
 c. Sodium bicarbonate
d. Ethanoic acid
Ans: The correct answer is (c) Sodium bicarbonate

15. If the pH of the solution is 13, it means that it is

a. Weakly acidic
b. Weakly basic
c. Strongly acidic
d. Strongly Basic
Ans: The correct answer is (d) Strongly Basic

16. How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) affected when a

solution of acid is diluted?
Ans: If an acid solution is diluted, the hydronium ion concentration decreases.

17. What effect does the concentration of H+ ions have on the nature of the
solution?
Ans: A higher concentration of H+ ions turns the solution acidic in nature.

18. What is the common name of the compound CaOCl2?

Ans: The common name of the compound is Bleaching powder.

19. Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching
powder.
Ans: Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) yields bleaching powder in treatment with
chlorine.

20. Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
Ans: The compound which is used for softening hard water is Sodium carbonate.
 21. A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be
a. 11
b. 22
c. 55
d. 10
Ans: The correct answer is (d) 10

22. A solution reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime-
water milky. The solution contains
a. NaCl
b. HCl
c. LiCl
d. KCl
Ans: The correct answer is (b) HCl

23. 10mL of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralized by

8mLof a given solution of HCl. If we take 20mL of same solution of NaOH,
the amount of HCl solution required to neutralize it will be
a. 4mL
b. 8mL
c. 12mL
d. 16mL
Ans: The correct answer is (d) 16mL

24. Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating
indigestion?
a. Antibiotics
b. Analgesic
c. Antacid
d. Antiseptic
Ans: The correct answer is (c) Antacid

25. Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicators

showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and 9 respectively. Which solution is:
a. neutral?
Ans: D

b. strongly alkaline?
Ans: C

c. strongly acidic?
Ans: B

d. weakly acidic?
Ans: A

e. weakly alkaline?
Ans: E

26. ‘A’ is a soluble acidic oxide and ‘B’ is a soluble base. Compared to pH
of pure water. What will be the pH of (a) solution of A (b) solution of B?
Ans: Since ‘A’ is acidic, the pH will be less than 77. On the other hand, since ‘B’
is basic, pH will be more than 7.

2 Marks Questions
1. What happens to the crystals of washing soda when exposed to air?
Ans: Upon exposure of washing soda crystals to air, the following reaction takes
place:
Na2CO3.10H2O−→airNa2CO3.H2O+9H2O
In the reaction, the white crystals of washing soda turn into washing powder
(white powder). Efflorescence occurs in the washing soda.

2. What is the chemical name of washing soda? Name three raw materials
used in making washing soda by Solvay process?
Ans: The chemical name of washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) is sodium
carbonate decahydrate.
Ammonia, Brine, and Limestone are used to make washing soda by the Solvay
process.

3. What is efflorescence? Give an example?

Ans: Upon exposure to air, the loss of the molecules of water of crystallization
from a substance is defined as efflorescence. For example, in the reaction given
below, the crystals of washing soda turn into washing powder when exposed to
air.
Na2CO3.10H2O−→airNa2CO3.H2O+9H2O

4. Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate an essential ingredient in antacids?

Ans: Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)(NaHCO3) is an essential ingredient
in antacids because of the basic nature of the salt. It neutralizes the HCl acid
released in the stomach. The following reaction takes place,
NaHCO3+HCl→NaCl+H2O+CO2

5. Give the name and formula of two

i. strong monobasic acids
Ans: The required answer is:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Nitric acid (HNO3)

ii. two weak dibasic acids

Ans: The required answer is:
Carbonic acid (H2CO3), oxalic acid (C2H2O4)

6. Why alkalis like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide should not
be left exposed to air?
Ans: Alkalis are hygroscopic in nature. Upon exposure to air, they absorb
moisture from the surrounding atmosphere and get dissolved in it.
7. Dry ammonia has no action on litmus paper but a solution of ammonia in
water turns red litmus paper blue. Why is it so?
Ans: Dry ammonia has no action on the litmus paper because it contains no
hydroxyl ions in the absence of water. On dissolving in water, it forms ammonium
hydroxide (NH4OH), which is basic in nature because it dissociates to give NH4+
and OH- ions. Thus, red litmus paper turns blue.
NH3(g)+H2O→NH4OH(aq)
NH4OH(aq)→NH4+(aq)+OH-(aq)

8. Bleaching powder forms a milky solution in water. Explain.

Ans: Bleaching powder reacts with water to form Ca(OH)2, which has a milky
appearance. The reaction is given by,
CaOCl2 +H2O→Ca(OH)2+2HCl

9. Why does not an acid show any acidic behavior in the absence of water?
Ans: Water is an ionizing compound. In its presence, acids form an aqueous
solution and get ionized. This results in the release of H+ions and hence, acidic
behavior is shown.

10. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. What will be the pH value if milk changes into
a curd? Justify.
Ans: Lactose is converted to lactic acid when milk changes into a curd. Because
of the greater acidic nature, the pH value decreases.

11. What is the reaction between hydrogen in concentration ion

concentration of an aqueous solution and pH?
Ans: The reaction is given as
pH=-log[H+], whereH+ is hydrogen in concentration

12. How will you show that acetic acid is monobasic acid?
Ans: When acetic acid reacts with a basic solution, only one H+ ion is replaced
by the base, which shows acetic acid is a monobasic acid. For example,
CH3COOH+ NaOH→CH3COONa+H2O
13. Why should curd and sour substance not be kept in brass and copper
vessels?
Ans: Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc metals. These metals react with acids
present in curd and sour substances to form poisonous soluble salts. Hence,
storing curd and sour substances in brass or copper vessels makes them unfit for
consumption.

14. Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal?
Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas?
Ans: When an acid reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is liberated. For example,
Zn + Cl2→ZnCl2 + H2
We bring a burning splinter near the liberated gas. If the gas is hydrogen, it burns
with a pop sound.

15. Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity?

Ans: Water is a polarizing compound. Acid gets ionized in an aqueous solution
and H+ ions are released. These ions conduct electricity.

16. Why does dry HCl gas not change the color of the dry litmus paper?
Ans: When litmus paper comes in contact with H+ ions, the color of the paper
changes. These ions are produced only upon dissolution of HCl gas in water.
Therefore, dry HCl does not change the color of dry litmus paper.

17. While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be
added to water and not water to the acid?
Ans: The addition of water to acid leads to a highly exothermic reaction. The
intensity of the heat produced can break the glass container or cause severe
burns to the person adding it. On the other hand, adding acid to water with
constant stirring aids the absorption of the heat produced by water, and any
harm/damage is avoided.
18. How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH−) affected when excess
base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?
Ans: The dissolution of excess base in a solution of sodium hydroxide will
release more hydroxide (OH-) ions. Therefore, it will lead to an increase in the
concentration of hydroxide ions.

19. Do basic solutions also have H+ ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
Ans: The H+ ions are present in both acidic and basic solutions. A solution is
acidic if the concentration of H+H+ ions is more than OH- ions. On the other hand,
a solution is basic if the concentration of OH- ions concentration is more than the
H+ ions.

20. Do basic solutions also have H+ ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
Ans: Acidic and basic solutions both have H+ ions. The difference is that in acids
H+ ions concentration is more than OH- ions concentration while in basic solution
OH-OH- ions concentration is more than H+ ions concentration.

21. You have two solutions ‘A’ and ‘B’. The pH of solution ‘A’ is 6 and pH of
solution ‘B’ is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ions concentration?
Which is acidic and which one is basic?
Ans: On a pH scale, any solution having pH value less than 7 is considered
acidic and that with a pH value of more than 7 is basic. Hence, according to the
given pH values, solution ‘A’ is acidic in nature, while solution ‘B’ is basic. Also,
since ‘A’ is acidic, it has a greater concentration of hydrogen ions.

22. What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated?

Give the equation of the reaction involved.
Ans: On heating, a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate,
carbon dioxide, and water are produced.
2NaHCO3 + heat→Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

23. Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster of Paris and
water.
Ans: The reaction is as follows:
CaSO4.1\2H2O + 3\2H2O→CaSO4.2H2O

24. Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater
does?
Ans: The presence of small amounts of acid in rainwater aids the conduction of
electricity. Distilled water is pure water and lacks ions. Therefore, it cannot
conduct electricity.

25. Why do acids not show acidic behavior in the absence of water?
Ans: Acids produce hydrogen ions or hydronium ions only in presence of water.
Therefore, it shows acidic behavior only in the presence of water.

26. Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B.
Hydrochloric acid is added to test tube A, while acetic acid is added to test
B. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?
Ans: The concentration of H+ ions in test tube A will be more than that in test
tube B because hydrochloric acid is stronger than acetic acid. Therefore, the
faster reaction in test tube A will lead to vigorous fizzing.

27. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it
turns into curd? Explain your answer.
Ans: Bacterial action on fresh milk turns it into curd. Hence, the lactose in the
fresh milk is turned into lactic acid. Because of the formation of more acid, the pH
will be lower than 6.

28. Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain

why?
Ans: A hard mass of gypsum is formed when the Plaster of Paris comes in
contact with moisture. Therefore, it should be stored in a moisture-proof
container.
 29. Kazi and Priyam want to prepare dil H2SO4. Kazi added conc H2SO4 to
water slowly with constant stirring & cooling whereas Priyam added water
to conc H2SO4. Name the student who was correct and why?
Ans: The addition of water to concentrated acid leads to a highly exothermic
reaction. The intensity of the heat produced can break the glass container or
cause severe burns to the person adding it. On the other hand, adding acid to
water with constant stirring aids the absorption of the heat produced by water
and any harm/damage is avoided. Hence, Kazi was correct.

30. A first aid manual suggests that vinegar should be used to treat wasp
sting and baking soda for bee stings.
i. What does this information tell you about the chemical nature of the
wasp stings?
Ans: Vinegar (acetic acid) is acidic in nature and it is to be used to heal or
neutralize the effect of wasp stings, it implies that the chemical present in the
stings is basic.

ii. If there were no baking soda in the house, what other household
substance could you use to treat bee stings?
Ans: Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) can be used to treat bee stings

31. A compound ‘X’ on electrolysis in an aqueous solution produces a

strong base. ‘Y’ along with two gases ‘A’ and ‘B’. ‘B’ is used in the
manufacture of bleaching powder. Identify X, Y, A, and B. Write chemical
equations.
Ans: The chemical equations may be written as:
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O→2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
Here,
X→NaClX→NaCl
Y→NaOHY→NaOH
A→H2A→H2
B→Cl2B→Cl2
32. A yellow powder X gives a pungent smell if left open in the air. It is
prepared by the Reaction of dry compound Y with chlorine gas. It is used
for disinfecting drinking water. Identify X and Y. Write the reaction
involved.
Ans: The reaction is written as:
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2→CaOCl2 + H2O
Here,
X→CaOCl2X→CaOCl2
Y→Ca(OH)2Y→Ca(OH)2

33. A few drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added to an unknown

solution A. It acquired pink color. Now another unknown solution B was
added to it drop by drop and the solution becomes colorless. Predict the
nature of A & B.
Ans: Phenolphthalein turns pink in color when it is dissolved in a basic solution
and the pink color becomes colorless on dissolution with an acid. Hence,
according to the given question, we can say that solution ‘A’ is basic in nature,
while solution ‘B’ is acidic.

3 Marks Questions
1. (a) Name the raw materials used in the manufacture of sodium carbonate
by the Solvay process?
Ans: The raw materials used are- sodium hydroxide, limestone, and ammonia.

(b) How is sodium hydrogen carbonate separated from a mixture of NH4Cl

and NaHCO3?
Ans: Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) settles down as a precipitate
because it is sparingly soluble in water. However, NH4Cl remains dissolved in the
solution. The precipitate is removed by filtration.

2. Write equations for the following reactions

i. Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules
Ans: The reaction can be written as:
Zn(S) + H2SO4(dil)→ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
ii. Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
Ans: The reaction can be written as:
Mg(S) + 2HCl(dil)→MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

iii. Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminum powder.

Ans: The reaction can be written as:
2Al(S) + 3H2SO4(dil)→Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

3. (a) An aqueous solution has a pH value of 7.07.0. Is this solution acidic,

basic, or neutral?
Ans: The nature of the solution is neutral.

b. If H+ concentration of a solution is 1×10−2 mol L−1 what will be its pH

value?
Ans: It is given that,
H+=1×10-2 molL-1
Hence,
pH=log[1H+]
=-log[H+]
=-log[10-2]
=-(-2)log10
Finally,
pH=2

(c) Which has higher pH value: 1−MHCl or 1−MNaOH?

Ans: A solution with 1MNaOH is basic in nature and will have a higher pH value.
A solution with 1MHCl is acidic in nature and will have a lower pH value.

4. What will you observe when:

i. Red litmus is introduced into a solution of sodium sulphate.
 Ans: No colour change will occur because the solution of Na2SO4 and water is
almost neutral.

ii. Methyl orange is added to dil HCl.

Ans: The color of methyl Orange will change to reddish.

iii. Blue litmus is introduced into a solution of ferric chloride

Ans: FeCl3 solution will form ferric hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, when it reacts
with water. The presence of a strong acid will make the solution acidic in nature.
Therefore, the blue litmus will change to red.

5. A first aid manual suggests that vinegar should be used to treat wasp
sting and baking soda for bee stings.
a. What does this information tell you about the chemical name of the
wasp sting?
Ans: Vinegar (acetic acid) is acidic in nature and if it is to be used to heal or
neutralize the effect of wasp stings, it implies that the chemical present in the
stings is basic.

b. If there were no baking soda in the house, what other household

substances would you use to treat as stings?
Ans: Baking soda is basic in nature. If it is used to treat bee stings, it implies that
the stings must be acidic. In case of unavailability of baking soda in the house, a
solution of ammonium hydroxide NH4OH can be used for the same.

6. Does Tartaric acid help in making a cake or bread fluffy. Justify.

Ans: No, tartaric acid does not make cake/bread fluffy because no carbon
dioxide is released during baking. Its role is to react with the Na2CO3Na2CO3
formed by the decomposition of NaHCO3NaHCO3.
CH(OH)COOH+Na2CO3 CH(OH)COONa+H2O+CO2

CH(OH)COOH CH(OH)COONa
Tartaric acid Disod. Tartarate
If this reaction does not occur, the Na2CO3 will impart a bitter taste to the cake.
 7. Explain why?
a. Common salt becomes sticky during the rainy season.
Ans: On exposure to moist air, common salt becomes sticky because it contains
impurities of magnesium chloride, which has a tendency to become liquid.

b. Blue vitriol changes to white upon heating.

Ans: Blue vitriol (CuSO4.5H2O) changes to anhydrous copper sulphate (CuSO4) on
heating, which is white in colour.

8. A compound X of sodium is commonly used in the kitchen for making

crispy pakoras. It is also used for curing acidity in the stomach. Identify ‘X’.
What is its chemical formula? State the reaction that takes place when it is
heated during cooking?
Ans: Compound X can be identified as baking powder (or baking soda).
Chemically, the compound is sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)(NaHCO3).
On heating the compound, the following reaction occurs:
2NaHCO3−→−heatNa2CO3(s) + H2O(l) +
CO2(g)2NaHCO3→heatNa2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

9. Explain why-
i. Anhydrous calcium chloride is used in desiccators
Ans: The hygroscopic nature of anhydrous calcium chloride makes it readily
absorb moisture and therefore, it is used as a desiccator.

ii. If a bottle full of concentrated H2SO4�2��4 is left open in the

atmosphere by accident, the acid starts flowing out the bottle of its
own.
Ans: Concentrated sulphuric acid is highly hygroscopic. It begins to absorb
moisture from the air and gets diluted. Because of the increase in volume, the
acid starts flowing out of the bottle.
10. How is plaster of Paris chemically different from gypsum? How may
these be interconverted? Write one use of plaster of Paris?
Ans: Plaster of Paris is the anhydrous form of gypsum. It is prepared by heating
gypsum.
Plaster of Paris is used in surgical bandages for setting fractured bones. Before
applying on the fractured bone, it is mixed with water, which results in hydration
and it changes into gypsum. The hard mass of the gypsum keeps the bones in
position.
Plaster of Paris and Gypsum may be interconverted by the reaction:
CaSO412H2O+32H2O→CaSO42H2O����412�2�+32�2�→����42�2�
Plaster of Paris Gypsum

11. (a) What is the action of red litmus on

i. Dry ammonia gas
Ans: As no hydroxyl ions are released, red litmus has no action on dry ammonia
gas.

ii. Solution of ammonia gas in water?

Ans: Ammonium hydroxide is formed when ammonia is passed through water. It
turns red litmus blue because it dissociates to give hydroxyl ions.

(b) State the observations you would make on adding ammonium

hydroxide to an aqueous solution of
i. ferrous sulphate
Ans: Double decomposition reaction gives a green precipitate of ferrous
hydroxide.
FeSO4(aq)+2NH4OH(aq)→Fe(OH)2+(NH4)2SO4(aq)����4(��)
+2��4��(��)→��(��)2+(��4)2��4(��)
(Green ppt.)

ii. Aluminum chloride?

Ans: Double decomposition reaction gives a white precipitate of aluminum
hydroxide.
AlCl3(aq)+3NH4OH(aq)→Al(OH)3+3NH4Cl(aq)����3(��)
+3��4��(��)→��(��)3+3��4��(��)
(White ppt.)

12. State the chemical property in each case on which the following uses
of baking soda are based
i. As an antacid
Ans: The weakly alkaline nature of baking soda neutralizes the hydrochloric acid
formed in the stomach.
NaHCO3 + HCl→NaCl + H2O + CO2NaHCO3 + HCl→NaCl + H2O + CO2

ii. As a constituent of baking powder. Give the chemical for baking soda
Ans: Using baking soda while baking makes the cake porous and fluffy. It is
because carbon dioxide gas is evolved in the form of bubbles when baking.
2NaHCO3−→−heatNa2CO3 + H2O + CO22NaHCO3→heatNa2CO3 + H2O + CO2
The chemical formula of baking soda is NaHCO3NaHCO3.

13. Metal compound ‘A’ reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce
effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a
balanced chemical equation for the reaction, if one of the compounds
formed is calcium chloride.
Ans: We can say that ‘A’ is a salt of calcium because one of the products is
calcium chloride.
The burning candle is extinguished, indicating the formation of carbon dioxide by
the reaction of ‘A’ with hydrochloric acid.
Upon reaction with hydrochloric acid, calcium carbonate produces calcium
chloride and carbon dioxide. Hence, ‘A’ is calcium carbonate.
The chemical equation can be given as:
CaCO3 + HCl→CaCl2 + CO2 + H2OCaCO3 + HCl→CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
14. Why do HCl,HNO3HCl,HNO3 etc. show acidic characters in aqueous
solution while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not
show acidic character?
Ans: In their aqueous form, compounds like hydrochloric acid and nitric acid,
release hydrogen ions, which signals acidic character.
On the other hand, compounds like alcohol and glucose cannot release hydrogen
ions. Therefore, they show no acidic properties.

15. You have two solutions ‘A’ and ‘B’. The pH of solution ‘A’ is 66 and pH
of solution ‘B’ is 88. Which solution has more hydrogen ions
concentration? Which is acidic and which one is basic?
Ans: On a pH scale, any solution having pH value less than 77 is considered
acidic and that with a pH value of more than 77 is basic. Hence, according to the
given pH values, solution ‘A’ is acidic in nature, while solution ‘B’ is basic. Also,
since ‘A’ is acidic, it has a greater concentration of hydrogen ions.

16. Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of
his field with quicklime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)
or chalk (calcium carbonate).
Ans: Quicklime (calcium oxide), slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), and chalk
(calcium carbonate) are basic in nature. Hence, a farmer would use them to
neutralize the effect of acidic soil conditions.

17. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
a. Why does he shift the pH of the milk from 66 to slightly alkaline?
Ans: Sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) is a base. Hence, in addition to
milk, the solution would become slightly alkaline. This implies that the pH value
would become greater than 66 (slightly alkaline) on the addition of a very small
amount of baking soda.

b. Why does this milk take a long time to set a curd?

Ans: A neutralization reaction between the lactic acid of the curd and sodium
hydrogen carbonate will prolong the time taken by milk to set as curd.
18. What is a neutralization reaction? Give two examples.
Ans: Neutralization reaction is the reaction between an acid and a base to
produce salt and water. For example:
NaOH + HCl→NaCl + H2ONaOH + HCl→NaCl + H2O
KOH + HNO3→KNO3 + H2OKOH + HNO3→KNO3 + H2O

19. Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.
Ans: The uses of washing soda are as follows:
i. Cleansing agent.
ii. Permanently removing the hardness of the water.
iii. Used in paper, glass, and soap industries.
The uses of baking soda are as follows:
i. Production of baking powder.
ii. As an antacid.

20. Compound P forms enamel of teeth. It is the hardest substance of the

body. It does not dissolve in water but it is corroded when pH in the mouth
is below 5.55.5. How does toothpaste prevent dental decay?
Ans: The compound P is Ca3(PO4)2Ca3(PO4)2.
Bacterial action on the remaining food particles in the mouth produces acids from
the degradation of sugar. Toothpaste is usually basic in nature. It helps in
neutralizing the excess acid and prevents tooth decay.

21. The oxide of a metal M was water-soluble when a blue litmus strip was
dipped in this solution, it did not go any change in color. Predict the nature
of oxide.
Ans: The nature of the metal oxide is basic in nature. On dissolution in water, it
forms a metal hydroxide. This hydroxide is basic in nature, as the blue litmus did
not undergo any change in color.
MO + H2O→M(OH)2MO + H2O→M(OH)2
 22. A road tanker carrying acid was involved in an accident and its
contents spilled on the road, iron drain covers began melting and fizzing as
the acid ran over them. A specialist was called to see if the acid actually
leaked into the nearby river.
a. Explain how the specialist could carry out a simple test to see if the
river water contains some acid or not.
Ans: The expert can use a simple litmus paper test to determine if the river water
contains acid or not. If the expert dips a strip of blue litmus paper into the sample
of river water and the color changes to red, it implies that the river water has
been affected by the acid spill.

b. The word melting is incorrectly used in the report. Suggest a better name
that should have been used.
Ans: The word melting can be replaced with corrosion.

c. Explain why drain covers began fizzing as the acid rain over them.
Ans: Hydrogen gas is evolved when iron reacts with an acid.

23. A compound ‘A’ on heating at 370K370� gives ‘B’ used as plaster for
supporting defractured bones in the right position. ‘B’ on mixing with water
changes to ‘A’. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ and write the chemical reaction.
Ans: The reaction can be given by:
CaSO412H2O+112H2O→CaSO42H2O����412�2�+112�2�→����42�2�
Plaster of Paris Gypsum
‘B’ ‘A’

24. A student heated a few crystals of copper sulphate in a dry boiling tube.
a. What will be the color of the copper sulphate after heating?
Ans: Copper Sulphate becomes white in color after heating.

b. Will you notice water droplets in the boiling tube?

Ans: Yes, water droplets will be present in the boiling tube.
 c. Where have these come from?
Ans: Even though copper sulphate crystals seem to be dry, they contain water of
crystallization. The water droplets are formed because of this water
crystallization.

5 Marks Questions
1. (a) The pH of rainwater collected from two cities A and B was found to be
66 and 55 respectively. The water of which city is more acidic? Find out
the ratio of hydrogen ion concentration in the two samples of rainwater?
Ans: Lower pH value is an indication of greater acidic nature. Hence, the rain
water of city B is more acidic.
We know that,
pH=-log[H+]pH=-log[H+]
=log[1H+]=log[1H+]
For city A,
log[1H+]=6log[1H+]=6
[1H+]=anti log6[1H+]=anti log6
=106=106
[H+]=10-6[H+]=10-6
For city B,
log[1H+]=5log[1H+]=5
[1H+]=anti log5=105[1H+]=anti log5=105
[H+]=10-5[H+]=10-5
Hence, the ratio is,
cityAcityB=10-610-5cityAcityB=10-610-5
=110=110

(b) Arrange the following in order (ascending) of their pH values.

NaOH���� solution, Blood, lemon Juice.
Ans: The increasing order of pH values for the given solution is:
Lemon juice < Blood < NaOHNaOH solution.

2. (a) Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity?

 Ans: Water is a polarizing compound. In an aqueous solution form, acid
dissociates to give ions. Electricity is conducted by the free movement of these
ions.

b. How does the concentration of hydrogen ions [H3O]+[�3�]+ change when

the solution of an acid is diluted with water?
Ans: Dilution aids the process of dissociation of acid into ions. Thus, the
concentration of [H3O]+[H3O]+ ions increase on dilution.

c. Which has higher pH. A concentrated or dilute solution of HCl���?

Ans: The number of ions per unit volume decreases with an increase in [H3O]+
[H3O]+ ions. Therefore, pH will increase on dilution.

d. What would you observe on adding dil HCl��� acid to

i. Sodium bicarbonate is placed in a test tube.
Ans: A brick effervescence from the evolution of CO2CO2 is observed.
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)→NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(aq)NaHCO3(s) +
HCl(aq)→NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(aq)

ii. Zinc metal in a test tube.

Ans: A brick effervescence from the evolution of H2H2 is observed.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)→ZnCl(aq) + H2O(g)Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)→ZnCl(aq) + H2O(g)

3. A road tanker carrying acid was involved in an accident and its

contents spilled on the road. At the side of the road iron drain cover
began melting and fizzing as the acid ran over them. A specialist was
called to see if the acid actually leaked into the nearby river.
a. Explain why specialists could carry out sample tests to see if the
river water contains some acid or not.
Ans: The expert can use a simple litmus paper test to determine if the river water
contains acid or not. If the expert dips a strip of blue litmus paper into the sample
of river water and the color changes to red, it implies that the river water has
been affected by the acid spill.
b. Suggest a better report name for the word ‘melting’
Ans: The chemical reaction of drain cover (made of iron) with the acid can be
called corrosion.

c. Explain why the drain covers began fizzing as the acid ran over them.
Ans: Hydrogen gas is evolved when iron reacts with an acid (like sulphuric acid
or hydrochloric acid). The release of hydrogen is accompanied by effervescence
and hence, the fizzing on the covers was observed.

4. Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction
taking place when:
a. Dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.
Ans: Zinc + Sulphuric acid →→ Zinc sulphate + Hydrogen
Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2��+�2��4→����4+�2

b. Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.

Ans: Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid →→Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen gas
Mg+2HCl→MgCl2+H2��+2���→����2+�2

c. Dilute Sulphuric acid reacts with aluminum powder

Ans: Aluminum + Sulphuric acid →→ Aluminum sulphate + Hydrogen gas
2Al+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2