Engineering
Course N°01:
Study of systems
PREPARATORY CLASS
M, BELOUADAH ZOUHEYR HDR
What is Engineering?
Engineering is the application of scientific principles, mathematics, and
technical knowledge to design, create, and maintain structures, machines,
systems, and processes to solve real-world problems and improve efficiency.
It involves various disciplines such as mechanical, electrical, civil, and
chemical engineering, each focusing on different aspects of technology and
innovation.
1-Introduction to Systems Engineering
A system is a collection of interconnected
components working together to achieve a Environment Environment
specific goal. Each part depends on others al element 2 al element 3
Environment Environment
for efficient functioning and can be physical al element 1 al element 4
or abstract.
The diagram shows internal components
interacting within the system and with
external environmental elements. This component component
highlights the complexity of multi-
technology systems, where components
exchange energy, matter, or information to
component
meet specific needs.
Engineering 1 2𝑛𝑑 Year of Preparatory Classes Z.BELOUADAH
Examples of Systems
Mechanical Systems: Electrical Systems: Software Systems: Biological Systems:
car engine Power grid operating system (OS) human body
System Components
System components refer to the fundamental parts or elements that make up a larger system,
such as a computer, network, or software application. They are essential as they collectively
contribute to the system's functionality, performance, and overall behavior.
2.Different stages of a system's life cycle
1. The Planning Phase defines project scope, gathers
requirements, and analyzes risks to ensure a clear
project foundation, aligning client needs and
minimizing unexpected issues.
2. The Analysis Phase reviews current systems,
identifies new system requirements, and documents
them to ensure alignment with organizational goals and
guide future development stages accurately.
3. The Design Phase transforms project requirements
into a system blueprint, focusing on architecture,
hardware/software selection, and prototyping to
ensure functionality and meet user needs.
4. The Development Phase involves coding the system, setting up the development environment, and tracking progress
with milestones and reports to ensure smooth execution and timely problem resolution.
5. The Testing Phase ensures the software meets required standards through test plan creation, execution, bug fixing, and
User Acceptance Testing (UAT) by end users.
6. The Integration and Implementation Phase combines system components, deploys the system with rollout strategies,
and trains users to ensure smooth transition and client satisfaction.
7. The Maintenance Phase ensures ongoing system performance by monitoring, handling updates, resolving issues, and
implementing enhancements to maintain reliability and user satisfaction.
