CIVL 3740
Tutorial 13: Deep foundation
Instructor: Junjun Ni
Tutor: Zhenyang JIA
Email: [email protected]
Vertically loaded single pile in
sand
Bearing capacity of pile foundation
Qb= Ultimate base capacity (toe resistance)
In sand:
Qb = Cohesion surcharge
Model 1 Model 2
Ground
σv’ fs ’ fs ’
Sand
l’: critical depth
ρ’gh
depth depth depth
Overestimation!
Example 1
Consider a 15-m long concrete pile with a cross section of 0.45𝑚 × 0.45𝑚 fully
Embedded in sand. For the sand, given: unit weight,𝛾 = 17𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ; and soil
friction angle, ∅′ = 35° . Estimate the ultimate point 𝑄𝑏 with Meyerhof’s method
and friction resistance 𝑄𝑠 with equation 𝑓𝑠 = 𝐾𝑠 𝜎𝑣 tan 𝛿, 𝐾𝑠 = 1.3, 𝛿 = 0.8∅′
1. Calculate the ultimate point resistance 𝑄𝑏
For 𝜑′ = 35° , 𝑁𝑞∗ = 143
𝐴𝑝 𝑞𝑏 = 𝐴𝑝 𝛾𝑙𝑁𝑞∗ = 0.45 × 0.45 × 17 × 15 × 143 = 7384𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑝 × 50𝑁𝑞∗ tan ∅′ = 0.45 × 0.45 × 50 × 143 × tan 35° = 1014𝑘𝑁
Thus, 𝑄𝑏 =1014kN
2. Calculate the shaft resistance 𝑄𝑠
We divide the pile into two parts, for the part a
𝑙 ′ = 15𝐷 = 15 × 0.45 = 6.75𝑚
At z=0, 𝜎𝑣′ = 0
At z=6.75m, 𝜎𝑣′ = 6.75 × 17 = 114.75𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Thus, 𝜎𝑣′ = 0.5 × 0 + 114.75 = 57.375𝑘𝑁/m
𝑓𝑠−𝑎 = 𝐾𝜎𝑣′ tan 𝛿 = 1.3 × 57.375 × tan(0.8 × 35) = 39.65𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
For the part b
′ 3
𝑓𝑠−𝑏 = 𝐾𝜎𝑣(𝑙=𝑙 ′ ) tan 𝛿 = 1.3 × 114.75 × tan(0.8 × 35) = 79.3𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Thus
𝑄𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠−𝑎 𝑝𝑙 ′ + 𝑓𝑠−𝑏 𝑝 𝑙 − 𝑙 ′ = 39.65 × 4 × 0.45 × 6.75 + 79.3 × 4 × 0.45 × (15 − 6.75)
= 1659𝑘𝑁
Vertically loaded single pile in
uniform clay
Bearing capacity of pile foundation
Qb= Ultimate base capacity (toe resistance)
In clay:
Qb = Cohesion surcharge
For clay:
q ≈ γpile l and Nq* =1
qb-net = qb- γpilel
= Nc*cu = 9 cu
Bearing capacity of pile foundation
Qs = Ultimate shaft resistance
In clay:
α β λ
Example 2
A driven pile in clay is shown in the figure. The pile has a diameter of 406mm. (a) Calculate the net
toe resistance; (b) Calculate the shaft resistance using , and method. For all clay layers, ’=30;
the top 10m of clay is normally consolidated and the bottom clay layer has an OCR of 2.
v'
Example 2
▪ Net toe resistance (Cu(2) is used as it is relevant to end bearing resistance of pile):
Ab = d =
2
0.4062 = 0.1295m 2
4 4
Qb − net = Ab qb − net = 9 Ab cu = 0.1295 100 9 = 116 .55 kN
▪ Shaft resistance: using the method:
cu (1) = 30 kPa 1 1 Qs = cu pl
cu ( 2 ) = 100 kPa 2 0 .5
Qs = 1 30 ( 0.406 )10 + 0.5 100 ( 0.406 ) 20 = 1658 .2kN
Example 2
▪ Shaft resistance: using the method:
(1) For z=0-5m, soil is normally consolidated
f = (1 − sin ') tan ' v ' = (1 − sin 30) tan 30
225
= 13.0kN / m 2
5
(2) For z=5-10m, soil is normally consolidated
f = (1 − sin ') tan ' v ' = (1 − sin 30) tan 30
552.35
= 31.9kN / m 2
5
(3) For z=10-30m, soil is over-consolidated
f = (1 − sin ') OCR tan ' v '
f = (1 − sin 30) 2 tan 30
4577
= 93.43kN / m 2
20
The shaft resistance in layering soil:
Qs = plf = 0.406 (13 5 + 31.9 5 + 93.43 20 ) = 2669 .7kN
Example 2
▪ Shaft resistance: using the method ( is a function of pile embedment length):
• The average undrained shear strength
30 10 + 100 20 (
Qs = pl 2c u + v ' )
cu = = 76.7kPa
30
• The average vertical effective stress
A1 + A2 + A3 225 + 552.4 + 4577
v'= = = 178.48kPa
l 30
• Then,
l = 30 m 0.145
f s = 0.145 (2 76 .7 + 178 .48 ) = 48 .12 kN / m 2
Qs = plf s = 0.406 48 .12 30 = 1841 .3kN
Vertically loaded Pile group in
uniform clay
Failure mode of pile group
Example 3
890mm
Example 3
Individual pile failure (α method)
Example 3
Block failure
Thank You
