OM COACHING CLASSES
Class : XIIth Subject : BIOLOGY
Date : Solutions DPP No. : 3
Topic :- Biotechnology Principles & Processes
1 (a)
Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens
are the microbes found to be very useful in
genetic engineering. E.coli is a motile, Gram
negative, rod-shaped bacterium which is a normal
inhabitant of human colon. It is most extensively
used in bacterial genetic and molecular biology
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil bacterium. It
has Ti-plasmid (tumour inducing plasmid) and it
can be used for the transfer of a desired gene in
dicot plants
2 (c)
pUC 18 is a plasmid cloning vector commonly
used with E. coli. The vector length is 2686 bp and
is isolated from E. coli strain DH5α by standard
procedures
3 (b)
A – Vector; B-DNA
4 (b)
The probes used for DNA fingerprinting are
usually prepared from minisatellite or
microsatellite DNA
5 (d)
In recent times, PCR is being used in the detection
of HIV (virus of AIDS) mutation are related to
genetic disease. By using PCR phenylketonuria,
muscular dystrophy, sickle-cell anaemia,
hepatitis, chlamydia and tuberculosis can be
diagnosed. PCR is also used in DNA fingerprinting
7 (c)
Ti-plasmid is a plasmid present in Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. It is used in genetic engineering in
plants, 𝑒. 𝑔., as a vector in gene transfer to dicot
plants
8 (a)
The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a
recombinant DNA molecule is formation of
phosphodiester bond between two DNA
fragments. DNA ligase help in sealing gaps in DNA
fragments
Therefore, they act as a molecular glue. In 1969
Har Govind Khorana discovered DNA ligase in T4 -
bacteriophage
13 (b)
In gene gun or biolistic method tungsten or gold
particles, coated with foreign DNA are bombarded
into target cells at a very high velocity
Although this method is suitable for plants yet
this technique is also used to insert genes into
animal that promote tissue repair into cells
(particularly cancer of mouth) near wounds
14 (c)
The final step in PCR is extension
(polymerization), where in Taq DNA polymerase
synthesizes the DNA region between the primers
using deoxynucleotide triphosphates and Mg 2+ . It
means the primers are extended towards each
other so that the DNA segment lying between the
two primer is copied. The optimum temperature
for this polymerization step is 72℃
Taq polymerase is thermostable enzyme, isolated
from Thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus
15 (a)
EFB – European Federation of Biotechnology
A definition of biotechnology which covers both
traditional views and modern molecular
biotechnology has been given by European
Federation of Biotechnology. According to EFB
“Biotechnology is the integrated use of
biochemistry, microbiology and engineering
sciences in order to achieve technological
application of the capabilities of microorganisms,
cultured tissues/cells and part there of”
16 (a)
A technique developed by EM Southern in 1975
for detection of a specific DNA sequences (gene or
other) in a large, complex sample of DNA (𝑒. 𝑔.,
cellular DNA). It is also used to determine the
molecular weight of a restriction fragment and to
measure relative amounts in different sample
Uses Southern blots are used in gene discovery
and mapping, evolution and development studies,
diagnostics and forensics
In regards to genetically modified organisms,
Southern blotting is used as a definitive test to
ensure that a particular section of DNA of known
genetic sequence has been successfully
incorporated into the genome of the host
organism
17 (b)
Cry I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus
thuringiensis are effective against bollworm
larvae
18 (a)
In the naming of restriction enzymes the first
letter is derived from genus name and next two
letters from the species name of the prokaryotic
cell from where the enzymes are extracted
19 (d)
A molecule of DNA can be cut into fragments by
the enzyme restriction endonucleases. These
fragments of DNA can be separated by a technique
of gel electrophoresis. It is a technique used for
the separation of substances of different ionic
properties
ANSWER-KEY
Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A. A C B B D C C A C B
Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A. C B B C A A B A D D
