UCSP

Bank - A financial institution that receives deposits from the public and generates credit.
corporation is a legal unit that is distinct from its owners. Moreover, a corporation has the right to enter
contracts, loan and borrow money, hire employees, own assets, and pay taxes.
Cooperatives are jointly owned enterprises engaging in the production or distribution of goods or
services
Trade unions or also known as labor unions are consist of workforces who have come together to attain
mutual goals like protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay
and benefits like health care, and retirement
TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS - Organizations that are devoted to manipulating
political, economic, social, and institutional decisions across country borders.
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES - independent organizations whose goals are to help develop and
support economic growth especially for the poor and marginal portion of the society
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS - Include both governmental and nongovernmental
organizations.
EDUCATION - also refers to the process through which skills, knowledge, and values are
transmitted from the teachers to the learners
FORMAL EDUCATION - Takes placed in a classroom setting and provided by trained teaching
and nonteaching staff.
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION - The first part of the educational system, and it includes the first
six years of compulsory education from grade1 to grade 6.
SECONDARY EDUCATION - Continuing basic education from the elementary level to four
years of junior high school and two years of senior high school.
TERTIARY - Offered by private and public colleges and universities.
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION - any organized educational activity outside the established formal
system to provide selected types of learning to a segment of the population
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION - Accredited institutions offer technical and vocational education.
Programs offered vary in duration from a few weeks to two years.
INFORMAL EDUCATION - lifelong process whereby every individual acquires from daily
experiences, attitudes, values, facts, skills, and knowledge or motor skill from resources in his or
her higher environment
SPECIAL EDUCATION(SPED) - Refers to the education of persons who are physically,
mentally, emotionally, socially or culturally different from so-called “normal” individuals, such that
they require modification of school practices to develop their potential
Productive citizenry refers to an idea that a citizen can create opportunities to become
productive
Self-actualization refers to a desire for self-fulfilment
Differentiation is the method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and
then classifying them into social categories based on their characteristics; it does not involve
ranking
Social differentiation refers to how people can be distinguished from one another. People in a
group may differ in skin color, hair color, race, mental and physical ability, and the like.
Social stratification refers to the ranking of people in a society
Weber’s Component Theory on Social Stratification
1. Power refers to the ability to influence other people. It is getting what they want despite the
unwillingness of others to give in to their desires.
2. Prestige refers to the person’s position in the society. This refers to having a certain status
that enables someone to have resources or opportunities.
3. Wealth refers to the amount of resources that a person has
Types of house dwellings. Dwellings can be categorized as permanent house (concrete and
excellent in appearance), semi-permanent house (semi-concrete and very good in appearance
and construction), temporary house (wood and fair in appearance and construction), and poorly
constructed house (houses found in squatter areas, or those considered below-the-bridge
houses).
Location of residence. Power, prestige and wealth are also attached to the location of
residence.
. Kinship or family - If a person is from a family whose house is situated in the squatter’s area,
that person is regarded as poor or belonging to lower class status
two types of systems of stratification
Open System - It is based on achievement, allow movement and interaction between layers
and classes
Categories
Upper Class – The people in this class have great wealth and sources of income
Middle Class – The people in this class may belong to the upper-middle class which is often
made up of highly educated business and professional people with high incomes, such as
doctors, lawyers, stockbrokers, and CEOs or to the lower-middle class often made up of people
with lower incomes, such as managers, small business owners, teachers, and secretaries
Lower Class –The lower class is typified by poverty, homelessness, and unemployment
Closed system accommodates little change in social position. They do not allow people to shift
levels and do not permit social relationships between levels.
Categories
Caste System – It is regarded as closed stratification system in which people can do little or
nothing to change their social standing
Estate System – It is somewhat a closed system in which the person’s social standing is based
on ownership of land, birth, or military strength
Ethnic System - This type of social stratification is based on national origin, language and
religion
Social mobility refers to the movement within the social structure, from one social position to
another
Horizontal mobility is a change in position without the change in status
Geographical Mobility is otherwise known as physical mobility. It may be a voluntary movement
of people from one geographical area to another due to change in residence, commuting from
home to office, making business trips, and voluntary migration from one country to another.
Role Mobility is the individual’s shifting from role to role
Theoretical Perspective and Analysis of Social Stratification
Structural - Functionalism
Stratification is necessary to induce people with special intelligence, knowledge, and skills to
enter the most important occupations.
Conflict
Stratification results from lack of opportunity and from discrimination and prejudice against the
poor, women, and people of color
Symbolic – Interactionism
Stratification affects people’s beliefs, lifestyles, daily interaction, and conceptions of themselves.
functionalist perspective examines how society’s parts operate
Conflict theory focuses on the creation and reproduction of inequality.
Social inequality (Karl Marx’s) is the difference in the distribution of social desirables such as
wealth, power, and prestige

Social Capital is the ability of a collective to act together to pursue a common goal

Political Capital refers to the trust, good will, and influence possessed by a political actor, such as
politician, to mobilize support toward a preferred policy outcome

Symbolic Capital refers to the resources that one possesses which is a function of honor, prestige or
recognition, or any other traits that one values within a culture

Minority groups are groups composed of less-dominant classifications in society that experience
disproportionately lower opportunities than their dominant counterparts.

Magna Carta of Women (MCW) - Increasing the number of women in third level positions in
government to achieve a fifty-fifty (50-50) gender balance within the next five years while the
composition of women in all levels of development planning and program implementation will be at
least 40 percent;

Republic Act 8371, known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), was enacted in 1997. It has been
praised for its support for the cultural integrity of indigenous peoples, the right to their lands and the
right to self-directed development of these lands.

a) People. We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and
to ensure that all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy
environment.

b) Planet. We are determined to protect the planet from degradation, including through
sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent
action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations.
 c) Prosperity. We are determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and
fulfilling lives and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.

d) Peace. We are determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies which are free from
fear and violence. There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without
sustainable development.

e) Partnership. We are determined to mobilize the means required to implement this Agenda
through a revitalized Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, based on a spirit of strengthened
global solidarity, focused in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the
participation of all countries, all stakeholders and all people.

21ST

Reading Approach - students are demanded to read more to improve knowledge and get new ideas.
*Reading Approaches
Scanning - technique you can get the summary by quickly reading the text.
Extensive Reading – technique sometimes called Free Voluntary Reading.
Skimming - The goal is to read shorter texts to extract accurate detailed information.
Technique to demonstrate skimming in reading “To read the first and last paragraph using headings”.
Main idea of the story, “Chechnya by Anthony Marra” was “It talks about a young woman which is a
doctor” and Anthony Marra (born 1984) is a warmly inspired storyteller and a brilliant stylist. He is at
once a chronicler of savage history and of the most tenderly intimate of emotions.
“Adaptation from The Journey to the River Sea” by Eva Ibotson. The characteristics of Gwendolyn
and Beatrice was Selfish and Spoiled brat sisters
Shimenawa by Naoko Kumagai Shimenawa is a traditional rope made of rice straw or hemp, it used for
rituals and purification. Japanese Religion used this sacred rope was Shinto.

Elements of Short Story

Short Story - A piece of prose fiction that typically can be read one setting and focuses on a self-
contained incident or series of linked incidents with the intent of evoking a single effect or mood.
Character - character in a short story is a person, in some stories an animal, who takes part in the action
of the story or other literary work.
Antagonist - is the character that challenges the main character.
Protagonist – is the main character in the story
Conflict - elements of a short story refers to the tension, the fight, or the struggle between the various or
forces in the story.
Theme - story refers to the topic that the writer unites or comments on his/her writing.
*Plot Structure Freytag’s Pyramid -pyramid structure used in narrating the plot of a story.
Exposition – the beginning of the story.
Rising Action- plot structure component is also known as an Inciting Incident.
Climax - the most exciting part of a short story.
Falling Action – occurs after the climax as the problem in the story starts.
Resolution/Ending – the solution to the problem in the story.
Type of resolution is achieved by answering unanswered questions that were implied or explicitly
stated in the story was “Within”
Dramatic was the type of plot was used by Jim Bartlett in the story “Jake”.
Dramatic Tension was a plot movement in the story established on a series of casual events that
happen one after another.
Episodic was the type of plot has a story that is realistic with a central character and action and the story
happens in one place during a short span of time.
Foreshadowing writing technique is used for an episodic plot.

Differentiating 21st Century Literary Genres

Graphic Fiction - is a creative piece written in comic form. It is also called “Graphic Novel”.
Speech Bubbles can be used to write the dialogues in graphic fiction.
Louis Riel – An example of novels that applies in Graphic Fiction.
Melancholy: Sadness
Flash fiction is a really short written creative piece usually consisting of a few hundred words.
Flash Fiction presents the story with fewest words.
In the Shadow of No Tower:9/11 - An example of novels that applies in Flash Fiction.
Flash Fiction commonly end the story with a twist.

“Jake” by Jim Barlett Story

James Baker Bartlett was a Canadian ice hockey left winger.

The main idea in the story of Jake “A dog longing to someone”
The end of the story of Jake “When Martha and Jake met their eyes, and both understood how they felt”

Creative Literary Adaptations

The story of Pencil by Paulo Coelho

Parables and Fables are very interesting to read. “Moral” was a lessons that we can learn from it.
A multimedia is any electronic application used to teach lessons or to further educate learners on a
particular topic.
A primary use of computers to store.

Digital video is a primary component in multimedia, especially those that appear online and on television.
Animation is a form of art for most people, especially those that are in the business of producing
animated movies.
Text has always been and will always been the most common among the types of multimedia
components in different applications.
Digital image files are needed to create videos and animation.
Voiceovers comprise a tremendous number of the types of multimedia components.