Reproduction in Animals - Class 8 Science Notes
Reproduction in Animals
Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring to ensure the
continuity of their species.
Modes of Reproduction
1. Asexual Reproduction
- A single parent produces offspring without gamete formation.
- Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
Examples: Hydra, Amoeba.
- Types of Asexual Reproduction:
a. Binary Fission:
- The organism divides into two identical daughter cells.
- Example: Amoeba.
b. Budding:
- A small outgrowth (bud) develops on the parent body, grows, and detaches to form a new
organism.
- Example: Hydra.
2. Sexual Reproduction
- Involves two parents (male and female) and the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg).
- Offspring show variations due to genetic mixing.
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
1. Male Reproductive Organs:
- Testes: Produce sperm and male hormone (testosterone).
- Sperm Ducts: Transport sperm from testes to the urethra.
- Penis: Transfers sperm into the female body.
2. Female Reproductive Organs:
- Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova) and female hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
- Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): Site of fertilization; carry eggs to the uterus.
- Uterus: Fertilized egg develops into an embryo here.
Fertilization
- Definition: Fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
- Types of Fertilization:
1. Internal Fertilization:
- Fusion occurs inside the female body.
- Examples: Humans, cows, dogs.
