EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS)
Ramapuram, Chennai 600 089
Department of Mathematics
Academic Year (2024-25)
QUESTION BANK

Subject Code : 231MAB101T Subject : Matrices and Calculus

Course : B.E /B.Tech. Year/Sem : I/I
Department : Mathematics Branch : Common to all branches

UNIT- I: MATRICES
1. If 1 and 2 are the eigen values of a 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴, what are the eigen values of 𝐴2
and 𝐴−1?
2 5 1
2. Find the eigen values of 𝐴−1 of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 3 2].
0 0 4
8 1 6
3. Find the sum and product of the eigen values of 𝐴 = [3 5 7] using properties.
4 9 2
4. If the sum of two eigen values and trace of a 3 × 3 matrix 𝐴 are equal, find the value
of |𝐴|.
5. State Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
2 3
6. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem find 𝐴−1 if 𝐴 = [ ].
1 2
2 1 −2
7. Write down the quadratic form (Q.F.) corresponding to the matrix [ 1 2 −2].
−2 −2 3
8. Find the rank, index and signature of the Q.F. 𝑥12 + 2𝑥22 − 3𝑥32 .
2 −1 1
9. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix 𝐴 = (−1 2 −1) and hence find
1 −1 2
4
𝐴 .
1 2 −1
10. Given 𝐴 = (0 1 −1) find 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 by using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
3 −1 1
2 0 4
11. Diagonalize the matrix 𝐴 = (0 6 0) by means of an orthogonal transformation.
4 0 2
8 −6 2
12. Verify that the Eigen vectors of the real symmetric matrix 𝐴 = (−6 7 −4) are
2 −4 3
pairwise orthogonal.
13. Reduce the Q.F. 2𝑥12 + 𝑥22 + 𝑥32 + 2𝑥1 𝑥2 − 2𝑥1 𝑥3 − 4𝑥2 𝑥3 to C.F. by an orthogonal
transformation. Also find the rank, index, signature and its nature.
14. Reduce the Q.F. 2𝑥12 + 6𝑥22 + 2𝑥32 + 8𝑥1 𝑥3 to C.F. by an orthogonal transformation.
Find also nature of the Q.F.
15. Reduce the Q.F. 𝑥12 + 2𝑥22 + 𝑥32 − 2𝑥1 𝑥2 + 2𝑥2 𝑥3 to C.F. by an orthogonal
transformation. Give also a non-zero set of values (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) which makes the
Q.F. zero.

UNIT-II: SEQUENCES AND SERIES

𝑛 ∞
1. Examine the convergence of the sequence {2𝑛+1}
𝑛=1
5
2. Determine whether the series ∑∞
𝑘=0 4𝑘 converges, and if so find its sum.
𝑘 𝑘
3. Examine the convergence of the series ∑∞
𝑘=1 ( )
100
𝑛 ∞
4. Find the limit of the sequence {𝑒 𝑛}
𝑛=1
3𝑘
5. Test for convergence of ∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑘!
1 3
6. Find the sum of the series ∑∞
𝐾=1 (2𝐾 − 4𝐾−1 )

7. Examine the convergence of the series (using Integral Test)

1 4 9 16
+ 2+ 3+ 4 +⋯
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
8. Examine the convergence of the series (using Integral Test)
∞
1
∑
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
𝑛=1

9. Examine the convergence of the series (using Comparison Test)

∞
1
∑
3𝐾 2+𝐾
𝐾=1

10. Test the convergence of the series (using Limit Comparison Test)

1 4 9
+ + +⋯
4 ∙ 7 ∙ 10 7 ∙ 10 ∙ 13 10 ∙ 13 ∙ 16
11. Test the convergence of the series (using Limit Comparison Test)

1 22 33 44
1+ + + + +⋯
22 33 44 55
12. Test the convergence of the series (using Ratio Test)

1 1∙3 1∙3∙5
+ + +⋯
3 3∙6 3∙6∙9
13. Test the convergence of the series (using Ratio Test)
∞
𝑥𝑛
∑ , 𝑥>0
𝑥𝑛 + 1
𝑛=1

14. Examine the convergence of the series (using Root Test)

∞
1
∑
[𝑙𝑛(𝐾 + 1)]𝐾
𝐾=1

15. Examine the convergence of the following alternating series (using Leibnitz’s Test)

𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥2
− + − ⋯,0 < 𝑥 < 1
1 + 𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥3

UNIT-III: APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

𝑥
1. Find the radius of curvature for the curve 𝑦 = 𝑐 cosh ( 𝑐 ) at (0, 𝑐).
2. Define the curvature of a plane curve and state the curvature of a straight line.
3. Find 𝜌 for the curve 𝑦 = log (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) at any point on it.
4. Find the envelope of the lines 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑎𝑚2 , 𝑚 being the parameter.
𝜋
5. Find the radius of curvature for the curve 𝑦 = log (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) at 𝑥 = 2 .
𝑥 𝑦
6. Find the envelope of 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 1, where 𝜃 is the parameter.
7. Find 𝜌 for the curve at any point:

𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡), 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)

8. Find the evolute of the curve 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥.

𝑥2 𝑦2
9. Find the evolute of the curve 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1.
𝑥2 𝑦2
10. Find the evolute of the curve 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = 1.
11. Find the evolute of the curve 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃), 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃).
12. Find the evolute of the curve 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃), 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃).
13. Find the evolute of the curve 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 2.
14. Find the evolute of the curve 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃.
𝑎
15. Find the envelope of the family of curves𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑚 , 𝑚 is a parameter.
16. Find the envelope of the family of curves𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼, 𝛼 is a parameter.
𝑥2 𝑦2
17. Find the envelope of the family of ellipses + 𝑏2 = 1 such that 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐, where 𝑎
𝑎2
and 𝑏 are parameters.
𝑥2 𝑦2
18. Find the envelope of the family of ellipses 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1 such that 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑐 𝑛 , where
𝑎 and 𝑏 are parameters.
19. By considering evolute as the envelope of normal find the evolute of the curve 𝑦 2 =
4𝑎𝑥.
20. By considering evolute as the envelope of normal find the evolute of the curve 𝑥𝑦 =
𝑐2.

UNIT-IV: FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
1. If 𝑍 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑦 ∙ 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦), show that 𝑏 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑎 𝜕𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑏𝑧.
𝑑𝑢 𝑥
2. Find if 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑦) where 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 .
𝑑𝑡
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
3. If 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, then find 𝜕(𝑟,𝜃).
4. State any three properties of Jacobians.
5. Find the stationary points of the function 𝑓 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦.
6. Find the stationary points of the function 𝑓 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥𝑦.
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 3 −9
7. If 𝑢 = log(𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧), show that (𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧) 𝑢 = (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)2.
𝜕𝑢
8. If 𝑢 = log(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑧), prove that ∑ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝜕𝑥 = 2.
𝜕2 𝑢 2
9. If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑟) and 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , prove that ∑ 𝜕𝑥 2 = 𝑟 𝑓 ′ (𝑟) + 𝑓′′(𝑟).
𝑥+𝑦 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 1
10. If 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) prove that (i) 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢.
√𝑥+√𝑦
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢
a. (ii) 𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 2 = − .
4𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑢
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
11. If 𝑤 = 𝑓(𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑧 − 𝑥, 𝑥 − 𝑦), then show that + + = 0.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
12. Given the transformation 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦&𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 and that 𝑓 is a function of 𝑢 and
𝑥

𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2𝑓
𝑣 and also of 𝑥 and 𝑦, prove that 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦 2 = (𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ) (𝜕𝑢2 + 𝜕𝑣2 ).
13. Find the Taylor’s series expansion of 𝑥 𝑦 near the point (1,1) up to the second degree
terms.
𝜋
14. Find the Taylor’s series expansion of 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 near the point (−1, 4 ) up to the third
degree terms.
15. Find the Taylor’s series expansion of 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 in powers of (𝑥 + 2) and
(𝑦 − 1) up to the third powers.
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
16. If 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙, 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 and 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, find 𝜕(𝑟,𝜃,𝜙).
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑥1
17. Find the Jacobian of 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 with respect to 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 if 𝑦1 = , 𝑦2 = , 𝑦3 =
𝑥1 𝑥2
𝑥1 𝑥2
.
𝑥3
18. Discuss the maxima and minima of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 (12 − 𝑥 − 𝑦).
19. Identify the saddle point and the extreme points of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 .
20. Examine the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 − 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 for maxima and minima.
21. A rectangular box, open at the top, is to have a volume 32cc. Find the dimensions of
the box, that requires the least material for its construction.
22. Using Lagrange’s multiplier method, determine the maximum capacity of a
rectangular tank, open at the top, if the surface area is 108𝑚2 .
23. Find the shortest and the longest distances from the point (1, 2, −1) to the sphere
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 24.
24. Find the volume of the greatest rectangular parallelopiped inscribed in the ellipsoid
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
whose equation is 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1.

UNIT-V: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Find the complementary function of the differential equation (𝐷2 − 4𝐷 + 3)𝑦 = 0.
2. Find the CF of (𝐷2 + 2𝐷 − 1)𝑦 = 0.
1
3. Find the particular integral of 𝑃𝐼 = (𝐷−1)3 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥.
4. Find the PI of (𝐷 − 3)2 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 .
5. Find the PI of (𝐷 2 − 2𝐷 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥.
6. Reduce the equation (𝑥 2 𝐷2 + 𝑥𝐷 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 into an ordinary differential equation
with constant coefficients.
7. Solve: (𝐷2 − 3𝐷 + 2)𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 + 2cos (2𝑥).
8. Solve: (𝐷2 + 3𝐷 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 7.
9. Solve: (𝐷2 + 5𝐷 + 4)𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥.
10. Solve: (𝐷2 + 𝑎2 )𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑥.
11. Solve: (𝐷2 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥.
𝑑2 𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 12𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
12. Solve: + = .
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
13. Solve: (𝑥 2 𝐷 + 3𝑥𝐷 + 5)𝑦 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥).
2

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
14. Solve: (3𝑥 + 2)2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 3(3𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 − 36𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
15. Solve: (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥 2 + (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 + 1).