DATE SUBMITTED: NOVEMBER 28, 2024
SUBJECT: PEEE1-M – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1
SUBMITTED BY: GROUP 7
SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. EDWIN C. ESPINAS
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. What is the primary purpose of transmission line protection?
a) Reduce operational costs
b) Ensure system security and reliability
c) Increase voltage capacity
d) Extend the lifespan of equipment
2. Short transmission lines operate at voltages below:
a) 20 kV
b) 50 kV
c) 100 kV
d) 150 kV
3. Which type of transmission line is most affected by capacitance?
a) Short lines
b) Medium lines
c) Long lines
d) Underground lines
4. What is a key advantage of underground transmission lines?
a) Higher voltage capacity
b) Reduced susceptibility to weather disruptions
c) Easier maintenance
d) Lower initial cost
5. The parameter of transmission lines measured in ohms (Ω) is:
a) Resistance
b) Inductance
c) Capacitance
d) Conductance
6. What type of relay operates instantly without time delay?
a) Inverse time overcurrent relay
b) Definite time overcurrent relay
c) Instantaneous overcurrent relay
d) Directional relay
7. Which type of cable provides mechanical protection against external factors?
a) Single-core cables
b) Multi-core cables
c) Armored cables
d) Unarmored cables
8. Time-graded protection is primarily used to:
a) Prevent overloads
b) Ensure minimal system interruptions
c) Coordinate relays based on fault magnitude
d) Reduce transmission line costs
9. The main disadvantage of radial feeder protection is:
a) High cost
b) Complexity in installation
c) Lack of supply continuity during faults
d) Increased fault detection time
10. Which fault type is least likely to occur?
a) Transient faults
b) Semi-permanent faults
c) Permanent faults
d) Earth faults
11. Medium transmission lines typically have a length between:
a) 10-50 km
b) 50-150 km
c) 100-200 km
d) 150-300 km
12. In overhead transmission lines, what primarily acts as insulation?
a) Ceramic
b) Plastic
c) Air
d) Rubber
13. Which relay is used for backup protection with adjustable time delay?
a) Instantaneous overcurrent relay
b) Definite time overcurrent relay
c) Differential relay
d) Carrier-aided relay
14. The main cause of shunt conductance in transmission lines is:
a) Magnetic fields
b) Leakage currents
c) Voltage variations
d) Capacitance effects
15. Earth fault relays detect faults by monitoring:
a) Voltage imbalance
b) Current magnitude
c) Residual currents
d) Circuit resistance
16. What is the primary principle of overload protection?
a) Monitoring voltage levels
b) Limiting current to thermal limits
c) Reducing conductor resistance
d) Increasing relay sensitivity
17. Which protection scheme isolates faults by measuring impedance?
a) Carrier-aided protection
b) Distance/Impedance protection
c) Current balance protection
d) Overcurrent protection
18. Long transmission lines have voltages exceeding:
a) 50 kV
b) 100 kV
c) 150 kV
d) 200 kV
19. Which relay type is ideal for varying fault current magnitudes?
a) Directional relay
b) Definite time overcurrent relay
c) Inverse time overcurrent relay
d) Instantaneous overcurrent relay
20. A relay that operates when current flows in a specific direction is:
a) Instantaneous relay
b) Definite time relay
c) Directional relay
d) Differential relay
21. The time required for arc de-ionization in 132 kV systems is approximately:
a) 0.10 seconds
b) 0.17 seconds
c) 0.28 seconds
d) 0.50 seconds
22. For EHV systems, auto-reclosure is used primarily to:
a) Reduce equipment wear
b) Improve system stability
c) Avoid overloading
d) Simplify relay operations
23. What scheme uses a carrier signal to block relay operation for external faults?
a) Acceleration scheme
b) Blocking scheme
c) Transfer tripping scheme
d) Overreach transfer scheme
24. Carrier-aided protection uses communication channels for:
a) Fault isolation within specific zones
b) Instantaneous tripping from both ends
c) Improved equipment lifespan
d) Reduced installation costs
25. The operating time of inverse time overcurrent relays depends on:
a) Voltage magnitude
b) Fault location
c) Current magnitude
d) Line impedance
26. Which characteristic is unique to distance relays?
a) Dependence on time grading
b) Operation based on fault location impedance
c) Use in underground cables only
d) Instantaneous tripping under all conditions
27. Auto-reclosure in LV/MV systems typically allows:
a) One reclosure attempt
b) Two reclosure attempts
c) Three reclosure attempts
d) Unlimited reclosure attempts
28. Which relay is suitable for protecting distribution feeders with peak currents
during switching?
a) Normal inverse time relay
b) Extremely inverse time relay
c) Very inverse time relay
d) Directional relay
29. Parallel feeders require the use of:
a) Non-directional relays only
b) Directional relays and time grading
c) Current balance relays
d) Single-phase relays only
30. Ring main feeders ensure reliability by:
a) Using non-directional relays exclusively
b) Maintaining continuity with alternate power routes
c) Operating only under permanent faults
d) Using inverse time grading alone
31. What parameter is typically neglected in overhead transmission lines?
a) Resistance
b) Capacitance
c) Inductance
d) Shunt conductance
32. Multi-core cables are primarily used when:
a) Single-phase transmission is required
b) Multiple phases or circuits are transmitted
c) High mechanical protection is needed
d) Voltage exceeds 100 kV
33. What is a drawback of definite time overcurrent relays?
a) Inability to handle high currents
b) Poor discrimination in long-distance lines
c) High operational complexity
d) Unreliable under short-circuit conditions
34. Carrier acceleration schemes extend the reach of:
a) Zone 1 units to Zone 2
b) Zone 2 units to Zone 3
c) Reverse-looking zone relays
d) Multi-zone differential relays
35. Reclaim time in auto-reclosing systems is defined as:
a) The duration of dead time
b) Time between successive reclosures
c) Total operating time of the circuit breaker
d) Time delay for fault detection
36. 3Directional relays in ring main systems ensure:
a) Faster fault clearance times
b) Tripping occurs only for faults in specific sections
c) Constant current flow
d) Automatic reclosure in all conditions
37. Overcurrent protection relays typically operate when:
a) Voltage exceeds design limits
b) Current exceeds a set threshold
c) Impedance changes beyond limits
d) Power demand increases
38. High-speed auto-reclosing typically has a dead time of:
a) 0.3 to 1.2 seconds
b) 1.5 to 2.0 seconds
c) 2.5 to 3.0 seconds
d) 3.0 to 5.0 seconds
39. Which relay protection system uses CTs at both ends of the protected region?
a) Distance relay
b) Differential relay
c) Overcurrent relay
d) Directional relay
40. Extremely inverse relays are ideal for protecting:
a) Long transmission lines
b) Generators and transformers
c) Parallel feeders
d) Short transmission lines
41. The main purpose of auto-reclosing in EHV systems is to:
a) Burn out the object causing faults
b) Improve power supply reliability
c) Reduce arc de-ionization time
d) Ensure immediate fault clearance
42. Blocking schemes are particularly suitable for:
a) Multi-ended lines
b) Single-phase feeders
c) Radial systems
d) Low-voltage lines
43. The time-current grading system combines:
a) Impedance and resistance values
b) Voltage levels and phase angles
c) Time delay and current magnitude
d) Capacitance and inductance
44. A key advantage of carrier-aided protection is:
a) Simplified relay coordination
b) Instantaneous fault clearance from both ends
c) Reduced operational costs
d) Automatic fault monitoring
45. Which type of fault requires a time interval before re-energizing a line?
a) Transient faults
b) Semi-permanent faults
c) Permanent faults
d) Earth faults
46. Carrier transfer trip schemes are susceptible to:
a) Signal interference during faults
b) High operational costs
c) Slow fault isolation
d) Limited relay functionality
47. Which protection system uses zones for fault detection?
a) Distance/Impedance protection
b) Carrier-aided protection
c) Current balance protection
d) Overcurrent protection
48. For a fault near the source in a radial system, which relay operates first?
a) Relay with the shortest time delay
b) Relay with the longest time delay
c) Relay closest to the load
d) Relay with inverse time characteristics
49. The major drawback of parallel feeders without directional relays is:
a) Reduced load capacity
b) Increased relay sensitivity
c) Ineffective fault discrimination
d) Slower fault clearance time
50. Which type of fault accounts for the highest probability in transmission lines?
a) Semi-permanent faults
b) Permanent faults
c) Transient faults
d) Phase-to-phase faults
ANSWER KEY:
1. B 10. B 19. C 28. B 37. B 46. A
2. A 11. B 20. C 29. B 38. A 47. A
3. C 12. C 21. B 30. B 39. B 48. B
4. B 13. B 22. B 31. D 40. B 49. C
5. A 14. B 23. B 32. B 41. B 50. C
6. C 15. C 24. B 33. B 42. A
7. C 16. B 25. C 34. A 43. C
8. B 17. B 26. B 35. B 44. B
9. C 18. B 27. C 36. B 45. B
