Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering
Chapter 5
The Operational Amplifier
Dr. Hussein KASSEM
Dr. Lana Damaj
Lebanese International University
Spring 2020
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Structure
• Operational Amplifier Terminals
• Terminal Voltages and Currents
• The Inverting--Amplifier Circuit
• The Summing--Amplifier Circuit
• The Noninverting--Amplifier Circuit
• The Difference--Amplifier Circuit
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The Summing--Amplifier Circuit
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The Noninverting--Amplifier Circuit
Operation in the linear region requires that
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Example #3
a) Design a noninverting amplifier with a gain of 6. Assume the
op amp is ideal.
b) Suppose we wish to amplify a voltage vg, such that -1.5 V ≤ vg
≤ 1.5 V. What are the smallest power supply voltages that
could be used with the resistors selected in part (a) and still
have the op amp in this design remain in its linear operating
region?
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Solution for Example #3
a) Using the noninverting amplifier equation
Therefore, we have
We want two resistors whose ratio is 5.
Let's choose Rf = 10 kΩ, so Rs = 2 kΩ.
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b) Solve two different versions of the noninverting amplifier
equation for vo—first using vg = +1.5 V and then using vg =
-1.5V:
Thus, if we use ±9 V power supplies for the noninverting
amplifier designed in part (a) and -1.5 V ≤ vg ≤ +1.5 V,
the op amp will remain in its linear operating region.
✗
✗
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The Difference--Amplifier Circuit
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Summary
• Ideal op amp, linear region, saturate
• vp = vn
• iP = in = 0
• −VCC < vo < VCC : linear region
• Inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, noninverting
amplifier, difference amplifier
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Summary
Inverting amplifier Non-inverting amplifier
Summing amplifier Difference amplifier
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Problem 6
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Problem 6: Solution
vn 1) Node-voltage method
vn − vo vn − va
vp @vn : + + in = 0
100k 20k
@vp : vp = vb since ip = 0
vp = vn = vb
Note that the configuration of this amplifier is difference
iP = in = 0
vb − vo + 5vb − 5va = 0 ⟹ vo = 6vb − 5va
if va = 1V and vb = 2V ⟹ vo = 6vb − 5va = 7V
−15V ≤ vo = 7V ≤ 15V ⟹ amplifier operates in linear region
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Problem 6: Solution
vn 2) vb = 1.6V
vp The op amp do not saturate:
⟹ − 15V ≤ vo ≤ 15V
since vb = 1.6V ⟹ vo = 9.6 − 5va
9.6 − vo
⟹ va =
5
if vo = − 15V ⟹ va = 4.92V
if vo = 15V ⟹ va = 1.08V
⟹ 1.08V ≤ va ≤ 4.92V the amplifier do not saturate
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Problem 7
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Problem 7: Solution
vo
il = ⟹ vo ?
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vn vn − vo vn − 5
vo @vn : + + in = 0
5k 10k
vp vp − 3 vp
@vp : + + ip = 0
6k 3k
vp = vn
Note that the configuration of this amplifier is difference iP = in = 0
From the eq. of vp : vp − 3 + 2vp = 0 ⟹ vp = 1V
⟹ vp = vn = 1V
From the eq. of vn : 2vn − 2vo + vn − 5 = 0 ⟹ vo = 1.5vn − 2.5 = − 1V
−5V ≤ vo = − 1V ≤ 5V ⟹ amplifier operates in linear region
vo
il = ⟹ il = 0.25m A
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Problem 9
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Problem 9: Solution
vn
vp
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