KMSR3306 - Client
KMSR3306 - Client
ON
PVC/UPVC/CPVC SOLVENT
CEMENT
CODE : KAT/MSR/3306
J.C. : 2420
TI
CAUTION
This Project Report has been prepared on the basis of information available
with M/s. KAT INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANTS. The intention here is to provide
relevant information to the prospective entrepreneurs. Prior to making a firm decision
for investment in the project the entrepreneurs must verify the various feasibility
aspects together with the addresses for the procurement of Plant & Machinery and
Raw Materials, independently. The information supplied in this Project Report are
obtained from reliable sources but it is not guaranteed and the money once paid
will not be refunded back, in any case. Claims for incomprehensiveness of the
Project Report will not be entertained and no legal action in consumer court or
others in this regard would be entertained in any case, whatsoever. Any matter
relating to our standard points covered in the Project Report may be modified within
20 days time only from the date of purchase.
Regarding, preparation of the Project Report, we have compiled this Project Report in
our own way, as per our efforts and knowledge and information collected from various
sources. Even then M/s. KAT INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANTS. is not liable in any case,
in any matter such as Suppliers Addresses of Plant & Machinery and Raw Materials
and Plant Economics because the addresses as well as Plant Economics keep on
changing from time to time. So, we are requesting you that whenever you go in for
Turnkey Job or Fabrication work or visualising the industrial aspects you have to
check in your own way. Our motto is only to guide you and help you in providing the
informations whatever is available with us.
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CONTENTS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. MECHANISM OF THE SOLVENT CEMENT OPERATION 6
3. USES & APPLICATION 8
4. MARKET SURVEY 9
5. FORMULATION OF PVC SOLVENT CEMENT 12
6. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE 13
7. FLOW SHEET 14
8. PLANT LAY OUT 15
9. SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS 16
10. SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY 22
APPENDIX – A
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[KAT/DPR/3306]J.C.:2420
INTRODUCTION
The operation of solvent cement may be broadly defined as the formation of a Joint where in a self
bond between two polymeric component is promoted by the presence of a solvent in temporarily
high concentration. The onion between two parts of a Joint is brought with the aid of solvents,
solvent cement or adhesives.
The type of joint best suited to solvent bonding is a lap joint. The nutuod is not normally used for
butl. Jointswhere these are likely to experience significant stresses. The essential features of bond
formation in this method are the intes diffusion of polymer molecules across the original interface
between the two components of the joint, and the promotion and acceleration of this process by
the swelling of the polymer of the joint components at the interface, caused by sorption of the
solvent. The solvent concentration in the polymer, originally high, is ultimately reduced to a lord
constant value mainly bye further penetration inwards and also by evaporation from the edges of
the bond zone.
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PVC or poly vinyl chloride is insoluble in common low cost solvents, but is soluble in cyclohexane,
tetra hydrofuram nitrohenzene and a value of others. In solvent of this type it can be used for
bonding rigid PVC pipe werk since the solvents soften the material of the pipes and as form of
solvent weld in produced. It is sometimes thought that by virtue of its polymer content, a solvent
cement is gap-filling. This is not the case with solvent cements for PVC (and indeed not with most
such cements formulated for other plastics). Mainly because the amount of polymer they contain
is proportionately low. It is therefore essential for good results that the surfaces of parts to be
joined should fit closely tog ether with no gaps.
The polymeric components of PVC solutions used as solvent cements for bonding pipes, pipe
fittings and certain other PVC products may be homo polymers, co polymers, standard PVC
compounds or the actual compositions of the mouldings etc. to be bonded. By defination, the two
essential components of a PVC solution must be PVC polymer (S) and solvent. The solution so
obtained is used for some practical application (e.g. some solvent cements, film casting solutions)
are just such simple systems.
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(1) The surfaces to be joined are pre cleared by wiping with a cleaning solvent (not a strong
swelling agent for the polymers). Methyl ethyl keton or carbon tetra chloride may be used with
PVC.
(2) A suitable solvent or mixture of solvents is applied to the surfaces. With PVC parts brushing on
is a common method, but dipping may be possible in some cases. In solvent cementing of PVC
the solvent usually contains some dissolved PVC polymer or compound (commonly up to about
10%, but up to 30% in some special strong cements). Such compositions are known as solvent
cements (also some times called “bodied cements” or “solvent dopes”). In comparison with neat
solvents, the use of solvent cements for bonding offers the advantages of reduced evaporation
loss at the time of application, better manipulative control and less tendency to spread outside the
intended contact area.
The joint is left “open” for a short time. In this period the solvent is sorbed into the surfaces.
Producing a softened swollen polymer layer. In some cases a second application of cement may
be made, followed by another short “open” period.
The main function of the pressure is to promote intimate surface contact between the
components. Where as for example, in the cylindrical joint between pipes, or pipes and their fitting
-application of pressure perpendicular to the joint interface is not radily practicable, it is especially
important that the initial fit between the surfaces concerned should be gap free.
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The assembled joint must be left for a suitable time as the strength develops gradually in step with
the process of inter diffusion of molecular chains across the original interface, and progressive
reduction of solvent concentration in the bond zone. For pressure-pipe joints (pipe to pipe or fitting
to pipe), made with good solvent cement, and assembled and aged at room temperature, it is a
reasonable “rule of throb” to allow at least 1½ hours aging for each atmosphere of service
pressure. The ultimate strength of a properly made solvent joint may equal that of the bulk
material of the components, but the initial gross strength is normally quite low.
0.5 113
1 120
4 220
8 290
16 400
32 495
48 505
96 580
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The main advantages of solvent bonding are the relative simplicity of the method which in its
common variants does not require special equipment or power and heat sources and the good
ultimate bond strengths obtainable. It is for these reasons that the method has been widely used
in the bonding of rigid PVC pipes & fittings. However, it should be noted that the quality of joints
depends critically on the skill and conscientious working of the operator, as well as on good fit
between the surfaces to be joined. Other linetation are the rolatility, some what toxic nature, and
flammability of the solvents used. The already mentioned fact that a solvent bonded joint cannot
be subjected to normal service stresses for some time after assembly is also a conservation.
In general, solvent elmeuting may be regarded as more suitable for rigid than for flexible PVC
parts, because of the possibility of local effects of the solvent on the plasticizer content and
distribution in the area of the joint, which may lead to hardening and other desirable
consequences. However, where this possibility has been properly taken into account, flexible
PVC products may be success fully joined by the solvent method.
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MARKET SURVEY
In today’s competitive world, plastic has gained considerable importance . Plastic have been in
existence for many years, but have gained tremendous importance. Since the early 70s. They are
basically polymeric materials, light in weight, easy to process in different colours and shapes, and
easy to decorate also.
The plastics comprise a unique class of polymeric materials which have penetrated into the every
field of modern civilization they have entered into the basic needs of human life viz. food, water,
clothing and shelter, these polymeric materials are invading and penetrating in all directions
including building engineering, automobiles, chemical industry, power distribution, electrical
lightings and fittings, electronic industry, television, aerospace, portable water transport,
agriculture, adhesives and coatings, furniture and almost in any field stenting from space
programme to deep applications.
As already noticed in the above mentioned paragraph that plastics have replaced conventional
materials such as wood, glass, ceramics, and metals in diverte & innumerable applications. Before
the use of plastic, wood & metals are the prime fabricating compound. For all this Fabrication and
comptrouding, welding, riveted, screwing and cooplings are done. For plastic Bonding all this
methods are not suitable. So for bonding & cementing plastic materials such as PVC and others.
Solvent cement type adhesives should be used. Solvent cement is used in fixing or self joining the
PVC pipes which are widely used in agriculture for transporting water and in PVC furniture
industry.
The pipe to fitting joints that will be assembled in the process of making pipe furniture are
designed to carry and hold water. To keep the joints from leaking the pipe is welded to the fitting
with cement. The word “welded” is not exag eration once properly cemented, the joint will not only
hold water under pressure but will come about. Note that PVC cement is to be used for PVC pipe.
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Solvent cement refers to any substance inorganic or organic synthetic that is capable of bonding
other substances or same substances together by surface attachment.
It appears that the major thrust is on water borne adhesives (58.6%) as the prices of solvents are
rising and also due to fire hazards and new laws on pollution.
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Future Demand
Future demand depends mainly on the growth of PVC pipes (rigid or flexible) and other types of
PVC items industries. Production of all sorts of PVC pipes has increased tremendously in the
recent years. Similarly in PVC furniture & in agriculture for transporting water in the farm, these
PVC pipes are widely used in place of metal pipes. So in order to see the consumption &
production of PVC pipes & other items, PVC solvent cement production should be high as it gives
the perfect shapes smooth surface, colour and size to the PVC joints.
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PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
Cementing is an important method of self joining PVC sheeting and other compounds. For this
solvent cements are perhaps the most straight forward form of adhesive. Before its use the pre-
cleaning of the surface is important; such solvents as methyl ethyl kefone or carlson tetra chloride
may be used for the purpose.
In a reaction kettle M.S (EPOXY line) fitted with agitator are introduced calculated quantities of
PVC resin (Breon 70/40), cyclohexanone, Tetra hydrofusan.
The contents are well mixed and the reaction is carried out for an hour. When proper mixing of the
ingredients takes place and the requisite viscosty of the product (solvent cement) is acheved with
desired characterstics which is confirmed by withdrawing test samples.
The final product is withdrawn from the reaction kettle and is transferred to an intermiddle storage
tank from which it is withdrawn and carried to the packing unit. The product is packed in desired
plastic continues and send for marketing.
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FLOW SHEET
Cyclohexanone
|
Tetrahydrofusan | PVC Resin
--------------+ | +---------
| | |
V V V
| |
| Reactor (M.S.) Epoxylined |
| Fitted with agitator |
+---------------------------+
|
V
+---------------------------+
| Product storage tank |
+---------------------------+
|
V
+--------------+
| Packing |
+--------------+
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+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | | | |
| | - RAW MATERIALS - |
| | - STORAGE - |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | WORKING AREA/SHED |---------------| |
| | | | |
| | - FINISHED - |
| | - PRODUCTS - |
| | | STORAGE | |
| | | | |
| | |---------------| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | |ADMINISTRATIVE | |
| | | BLOCK | |
| |-------+ - | |
| | - - | |
| |TOILET - | | |
| +----------------------| |------| |----------+ |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| +---------------+ |
| | METER | GUARD | |
+-----| GATE |-----------------------------------| GATE |--+
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Cyclohexanone
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Tetrahydrofuran
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CHEMICALS
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SOUTHERN CHEMICALS
504, Meridian Apartments,
Basheer Bagh,
Hyderabad - 500063
Tel: 40-23224223
Fax: 40-23223177
E-Mail: sanjeev@southern chemicals.com
AMAN ENTERPRISES
2263/67, 1st Floor,
Naiwala,
Karol Bagh
New Delhi-5
Tel: 28757516, 9899300041
E-Mail: [email protected]
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PACKING CONTAINERS
PARAS PLASTICS
I-106, Sector-10,
Noida - 201301
U.P.
Tel: 0120-2422025
Fax: 0120-4346820
E-Mail: [email protected]
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REACTOR (TABULAR)
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SS ENGINEERING
C1-B, Hatkesh Udyog Nagar,
Kashimira,
Bhayander Road,
Mumbai-401104
Tel-022-28125478
Fax-022-28131648
[email protected]
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YENPLAS
Shed No. 14,
Phase - II,
IDA, Cherlapally,
Hyderabad-500051
(Andhra Pradesh)
Tel : 040-27260851
Fax : 040-27264310
E-mail : [email protected]
S.S. ENGINEERING
C-1-B,
Hatkesh Udyog Nagar,
Kashi Mira-Bhayander,
Mumbai-401104
(Maharashtra)
Tel : 22-28125478
E-mail : [email protected]
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Darteno Industries
14, Mahavir Soceity,
Mahavir Marg,
Anand-388001,
Tel: 2692-268988
Fax: 2692-269137
Email: [email protected]
Enkay Enterprises
B-143/1 Mayapur Indl. Area Ph-I,
New Delhi-64
Tel: 28115811
Email: [email protected]
D.G. SET
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ANU VIDYT
C-1, Indl. Estate,
Roorkee,
Tel-01332-262545
Fax-01332-263152
[email protected]
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GEMINI
203, Krishna Bhavan,
Govandi Station Road,
Deonar,
Mumbai-400088
Tel-022-25564388
Fax-022-25562565
[email protected]
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SANJAY DIESELS
1580, Church Road,
Kashmere Gate,
Delhi-110006
Tel-011-23860548
Fax-011-23863915
[email protected]
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WEIGHING SCALES
PACKMECH ENGINEERS
23/4, Kailash Indl.
Estate, B/h CMC,
Odhav,
Ahmedabad-382415
Tel-079-22876181
Fax-079-22876893
[email protected]
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MAYUR INTERNATIONAL
“Tuli House” Plot No-12
Business Centre
Nangal Raya
New Delhi-110046
Tel: 011-25503600
Fax: 011-25512200
Email: [email protected]
PARAS ENGINEERINGCO.
Plot No,C-20/3, MIDC Indl. Area
Taloja
Navi Mumbai-410208
Tel: 022-27411212
Fax: 022-27411211
Email: [email protected]
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BHARTI ENGINEERS
WZ-2181A, 2nd Floor
Raja Park Chowk
Ranibagh,Delhi-110034
Tel: 011-27197114
Fax: 011-27198943
Email: [email protected]
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PLANT ECONOMICS
Basis
0.5 TON/DAY
12.5 TONS/MONTH
150 TONS/ANNUM
P.V.C. SOLVENT CEMENT
Currency - Rs.
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------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 79,00,000.00
------------------------
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------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 16,20,000.00
------------------------
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------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 2,30,000.00
------------------------
FIXED CAPITAL
------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 97,50,000.00
------------------------
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RAW MATERIALS
------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 11,89,375.00
------------------------
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------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 2,76,000.00
------------------------
------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 3,45,000.00
------------------------
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------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 54,000.00
------------------------
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------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 15,88,375.00
------------------------
COST OF PROJECT
MARGIN MONEY
Rs. 3,97,093.75
------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 1,01,47,093.75
------------------------
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------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 1,13,38,375.00
------------------------
COST OF PRODUCTION/ANNUM
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TURN OVER/ANNUM
------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 2,55,00,000.00
------------------------
= 2,55,00,000.00 - 2,11,21,872.50
= 43,78,127.50
43,78,127.50
= ------------------------------ X 100
2,55,00,000.00
= 17.17 %
43,78,127.50
= ------------------------------ X 100
1,13,38,375.00
= 38.61 %
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FIXED COSTS
B.E.P. = ------------------------------ X 100
FIXED COSTS + PROFIT
39,76,572.50
= ------------------------------ X 100
39,76,572.50 + 43,78,127.50
= 47.60 %
500 : 13 :: 38 : 1
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--------------------------
TOTAL Rs. 1,13,38,375.00
--------------------------
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================================================================================
Year To Financial To Commercial To others Total
institutions banks (Rs. 6337500) (Rs. 1032444) (Rs. 3968431)
================================================================================
1 12,67,500.00 2,06,488.75 7,93,686.25 22,67,675.00
2 12,67,500.00 2,06,488.75 7,93,686.25 22,67,675.00
3 12,67,500.00 2,06,488.75 7,93,686.25 22,67,675.00
4 12,67,500.00 2,06,488.75 7,93,686.25 22,67,675.00
5 12,67,500.00 2,06,488.75 7,93,686.25 22,67,675.00
================================================================================
================================================================================
Year On term loans On bank loans On self loans Total
(Rs. 6337500) (Rs. 1032444) (Rs. 3968431)
@ 10.00 % P.A. @ 10.00 % P.A. @ 12.00 % P.A.
================================================================================
1 6,33,750.00 1,03,244.38 4,76,211.75 12,13,206.13
2 5,07,000.00 82,595.50 3,80,969.40 9,70,564.90
3 3,80,250.00 61,946.63 2,85,727.05 7,27,923.68
4 2,53,500.00 41,297.75 1,90,484.70 4,85,282.45
5 1,26,750.00 20,648.88 95,242.35 2,42,641.23
================================================================================
================================================================================
Year Interest Instalments Total
================================================================================
1 12,13,206.13 22,67,675.00 34,80,881.13
2 9,70,564.90 22,67,675.00 32,38,239.90
3 7,27,923.68 22,67,675.00 29,95,598.68
4 4,85,282.45 22,67,675.00 27,52,957.45
5 2,42,641.23 22,67,675.00 25,10,316.23
================================================================================
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================================================================================
Year Building costs Plant & Machinery fur. & office equip. Total
( Rs. 3400000.00 ) ( Rs. 1620000.00 ) ( Rs. 50000.00 )
@ 6.50 % P.A. @ 15.00 % P.A. @ 20.00 % P.A.
================================================================================
1 2,21,000.00 2,43,000.00 10,000.00 4,74,000.00
2 2,06,635.00 2,06,550.00 8,000.00 4,21,185.00
3 1,93,203.73 1,75,567.50 6,400.00 3,75,171.23
4 1,80,645.48 1,49,232.38 5,120.00 3,34,997.86
5 1,68,903.53 1,26,847.52 4,096.00 2,99,847.05
================================================================================
================================================================================================
YR CAP. Sales Mfg. Gross Depre- Interest Net profit Net profit
UTIL Expenses Profit ciation before tax after tax
@ 30.00%
================================================================================================
1 60% 15300000 11436300 3863700 474000 1213206 2176494 1523546
2 70% 17850000 13342350 4507650 421185 970565 3115900 2181130
3 80% 20400000 15248400 5151600 375171 727924 4048505 2833954
4 90% 22950000 17154450 5795550 334998 485282 4975270 3482689
5 100% 25500000 19060500 6439500 299847 242641 5897012 4127908
================================================================================================
================================================================================
YR CAP. Net profit Depre- Cash Repayment of Net surplus
UTIL (after tax) ciation in hand Instalment
================================================================================
1 60% 1523546 474000 1997546 1473989 523557
2 70% 2181130 421185 2602315 1473989 1128326
3 80% 2833954 375171 3209125 1473989 1735136
4 90% 3482689 334998 3817687 1473989 2343698
5 100% 4127908 299847 4427755 1473989 2953767
================================================================================
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LIABILITIES
ASSETS
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