Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
47 views3 pages

Class12 Physics Chapter3 CurrentElectricity

Chapter 3 of Class 12 Physics covers Current Electricity, detailing concepts such as electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's Law, resistance, and resistivity, along with their respective formulas and units. It also discusses the combination of resistors, Kirchhoff's laws, electric power, cells and batteries, and the temperature dependence of resistance. Key formulas and principles are provided to understand the behavior of electrical circuits and components.

Uploaded by

ashim05birbhum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views3 pages

Class12 Physics Chapter3 CurrentElectricity

Chapter 3 of Class 12 Physics covers Current Electricity, detailing concepts such as electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's Law, resistance, and resistivity, along with their respective formulas and units. It also discusses the combination of resistors, Kirchhoff's laws, electric power, cells and batteries, and the temperature dependence of resistance. Key formulas and principles are provided to understand the behavior of electrical circuits and components.

Uploaded by

ashim05birbhum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Class 12 Physics: Chapter 3 - Current Electricity

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

1. Electric Current (I)

- Definition: The rate of flow of charge through a conductor.

- Formula: I = Q / t, SI Unit: Ampere (A), where Q is the charge, and t is the time.

2. Drift Velocity (v_d)

- Definition: The average velocity of electrons under an applied electric field.

- Formula: v_d = I / (nAe), where I = current, n = number density of electrons, A = area of

cross-section, e = charge of electron.

3. Ohm's Law

- Statement: The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference

across it, provided physical conditions remain constant.

- Formula: V = IR, where V = voltage, I = current, and R = resistance.

4. Resistance (R)

- Definition: The opposition offered by a material to the flow of current.

- Formula: R = rho * (l / A), where rho = resistivity, l = length of the conductor, A = area of

cross-section.

- SI Unit: Ohm (Omega).

5. Resistivity (rho)

- Definition: The intrinsic property of a material that opposes current.


- Formula: rho = R * (A / l).

- SI Unit: Ohm-meter (Omega * m).

6. Combination of Resistors

- In Series: R_eq = R1 + R2 + ...

- In Parallel: 1 / R_eq = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + ...

7. Kirchhoff's Laws

- Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):

- The algebraic sum of currents at a junction is zero: Sum I = 0.

- Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):

- The algebraic sum of potential differences in a closed loop is zero: Sum V = 0.

8. Electric Power

- Definition: The rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced.

- Formula: P = VI = I^2R = V^2 / R.

- SI Unit: Watt (W).

9. Cells and Batteries

- EMF (Electromotive Force): The maximum potential difference between the terminals of a cell

when no current flows.

- Internal Resistance (r): The resistance offered by the electrolyte inside the cell.

- Terminal Voltage (V): V = EMF - Ir.

10. Combination of Cells

- In Series: E_eq = E1 + E2 + ..., r_eq = r1 + r2 + ...

- In Parallel: E_eq = E, r_eq = r / n, where n is the number of cells.


11. Temperature Dependence of Resistance

- Formula: R_t = R_0(1 + alpha * Delta T), where R_t is resistance at temperature T, R_0 is

resistance at reference temperature, alpha is the temperature coefficient of resistance.

You might also like