How many countries are there in
the world?
194
112 countries
January, 2020 A*
January, 2021
Dr MYINT KYAW SOE (Cherry Land)
B.Sc hons, M.Sc Nuclear Physics, Ph.D ENP
Physics, JAPAN
Distance (or) distance traveled Displacement
The length of the path along which The total distance from initial to final
the body moves position of moving body in particular
direction
scalar vector
In SI unit >> m In SI unit >> m
distance
A
Distance = 2pr
Displacement = 0
displacement
B
Average Speed
The average speed of the car during the journey is the
total distance travelled, divided by the time taken for the
journey.
“The rate of change of distance travelled”
Average speed (v)+= Distance moved (s)
Time taken (t)
# Scalar quantity S
# Unit => ms-1 v t
The speed of the car changes from instant to instant as the
accelerator or brake is used. The speedometer therefore shows the
instantaneous speed of the car.
Average Speed
what is velocity?
Velocity is speed in a particular
direction.
“The rate of change of displacement”
Velocity is 50 m/s to left
Average velocity (v)+= increased in Displacement(s)
Time taken (t)
# vector quantity # Unit => ms-1
A
0
0.83 m/s
0
1.38 m/s
Distance (km)
v=s
t
3.3 m/s
Time (h)
speed of A = constant speed
speed of B = constant speed
speed => 0 A>B speeding up(acceleration)
speeding down(deceleration) (Go back with constant velocity)
Travelling at constant
speed
Stationary
Travelling at constant speed
Gradient = Speed = distance
time
Speed = 8 = 1 km/h
8
Acceleration
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocities.
Acceleration = change in velocity
time taken
Acceleration = final velocity (v) –initial velocity (u)
time taken (t)
a = v –u
t
# vector quantity
# Unit => ms-2
Acceleration
A sport car accelerates its velocity from
rest to 50m/s in 5s.
a = v - u
t
a = 50 - 0
5
a = 10 m/s2
Acceleration
V=0 u = 50 km/h
a = v - u
t
a = 0 - 50
5
a = -10 m/s2 Deceleration
Acceleration
U<V U>V
U=V
(Or) (Or)
#a=0
U= 0 V=0
#a=+ #a=-
Velocity-time graph
# The gradient of the graph = acceleration
40 1 m/s2
0 m/s2
V
Velocity (m/s)
30
6 m/s2 -8 m/s2
20 Dy a = gradient = Dy
u-v Dx
10 a = v-u
t
0
U Dx t
5 10 15 20 25
Time (s)
# Area under the line = distance travelled
S1 (0-5) =
S2 (5-10) =
S3 (10-15) =
S4 (15-20) =
Total distance travelled =
Chapter questions
8m/s
10500m (10.5km)
105000m (105km)
630 000 m (630 km)
4000 s
Distance (m)
Time(s)
Constant velocity
9m/s.
Total distance = 135 m
Time taken = 2.5s x 6 = 15.0s
Average speed = ?
137.5m
u = 20 m/s
a = 3 m/s
t=5s
a = v-u
t
v = u+ at
Average speed is found by dividing the total distance travelled of a body by the
period of time it has taken.
The instantaneous speed is the accurate speed at which the body is travelling at
a moment in time.
Speed is a scalar quantity - it is distance travelled divided by time without regard to
direction. Velocity is a vector quantity - it is displacement by time in a specified
direction.
12 u = 0 m/s
(a)
10 a = 2 m/s
8 t = 10 s
Velocity (m/s)
6 a = v-u
t
4 v = u+ at
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (s)
35
30
25
Velocity (m/s)
20
15
10
5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (s)
(b) acceleration = gradient = 10 m/s
10
4s
Velocity (m/s)
9 (c), i
10 distance travelled = area under the line
8 (c), ii
6 (d)
4 Average speed = total distance
2 Time taken
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time(s)
The distance traveled of the car increases in each second from left to right.
Therefore the car is accelerating.
Average speed = total distance /
time taken
Since the toy train moves circular path, the circumstance of circular track
(2pr) gives the distance travelled of trains. It can be derived by measuring
the radius of circular track with ruler or measuring instrument
The time taken can be measured by using the stop watch or stop clock.
Start the stop watch when train release from initial point and stop the stop
watch when it arrived at the final point, here, initial point and final point
are the same.
The average speed can be derived by the equation of Average speed =
total distance / time taken
