Types of Communicative Strategy

Week no: 9

NAME: _____________________________________________________________

STRAND: _____________________________________________________________

SECTION: _____________________________________________________________

DATE SUBMITTED: __________________ RECEIVED BY: __________________

 HOW TO USE THE MODULE?

As you start studying the module, I want you to set aside other task/s that may disturb you while enjoying the
lessons. Read the instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of the module.
2. Don’t forget to answer Pre-test before moving on to the other activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the Assessment and apply what you have learned.
6. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
7. Enjoy studying!
8. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the
relevant competencies. You can do it!

Most Essential Learning Competency

 Employs various communicative strategies in different situations

EN11/12OC-llab-22;

Expectations

At the end of this module, the student will be able to:

 distinguish various types of communicative strategy;
 engage in a communicative situation; and
 use acceptable, polite, and meaningful communicative strategy.

LESSON Types of Communicative Strategy

Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people, and it is a significant part of our
everyday life. Speech act is a tool in engaging to a conversation. In the previous lesson, you have learned that
a speech act is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect. It is how you express yourself
to communicate your wants and needs, to achieve a desired goal. We are attuned in everyday conversation
not primarily to the sentences we utter to one another, but to the speech acts that those utterances are used
to perform such function. Some of the functions which are carried out using speech acts are giving opinion,
offering an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal.

Talking with the family during a meal, listening to a confiding friend on the phone, participating in discussion
at school, and presenting report in a meeting at work are some instances of the communicative situations that
we are usually engaged in and it is essential to understand the role of different communicative strategies that
we can employ for an effective communication.

Engaging in a conversation is not just a simple process of talking and listening. Cohen (1990) states that it is
bound by implicit rules that requires strategies to be able to start and maintain conversation.

References:
Peterson, Ronnia (2020) The ZandaX Communication Blog.

Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016) Oral Communication in Context fro Senior High School Page 2
Types of Communicative Strategy

The following are some strategies that people use when communicating:

1. Nomination

A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.

You use this strategy to open a topic and start a conversation. Nomination is usually employed at the
beginning of interaction to set the purpose of conversation.

Examples:

You may start off with making inquiries, giving compliment, asking for opinion, or offering help. This
could efficiently signal the beginning of a new topic in the conversation.

 “Have you heard about “the new normal”?

 “I saw your TikTok post on Facebook. It’s really great.”
 “What can you say about our new plan for the project? Do you think it will work?”
 You are the new student, right? Would you like me to tour you around the campus?
Remember to avoid questions that are too personal like asking about how much money the person or
his parents are earning. This may make the person you are talking to uncomfortable and may refuse to talk
with you. Topics like politics and religion should also be avoided because these may cause quarrel or
disagreement.

2. Restriction

Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.

It is a strategy used when responses need to be within the set categories or instructions. These
instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.

Examples:

 In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver a
speech on digital natives. In this case, you cannot decide to talk about something else.
 You are invited to the police station to answer some questions about what you know about the
accident.
3. Turn-taking

It pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor.

Turn-taking strategy allows all participants in the conversation a chance to speak. You can use this
strategy to avoid taking over the whole conversation.

Examples:

 You can employ this strategy by making your response shorter yet informative enough to express
your ideas and feelings.
 Spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or “You wanted to say something?” provide others a
chance to speak. Pausing is a nonverbal cue that will do as well.
Remember to listen to the other person talking instead of just waiting for your turn to talk. This way,
you can have a meaningful and productive conversation. Also, always show politeness when you need to take
the conversational floor from the person currently speaking.

References:
Peterson, Ronnia (2020) The ZandaX Communication Blog.

Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016) Oral Communication in Context fro Senior High School Page 3
4. Topic Control

Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in
conversations.

This is a strategy used when there is a need to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions and topic
shifts in a certain conversation. Using this strategy makes the conversation to stay focused on the topic
throughout the discussion and keeps the development of the topic going by asking questions.

Examples:

 During a board meeting, the director manages the communication and directs who may speak to
collectively develop the topic of conversation.
 In the senate session, the senate president presides the meeting. Senators who wish to speak
asks permission to the senate president.
 Expressions like “Okay, so much for that… “Let's go back to the topic.” and “Going back to what
we are talking about…” can be used to keep the conversation within the topic when there is a
sudden shift.
5. Topic Shifting

Topic shifting involves moving from one topic to another.

This strategy is used to change the topic to a new one which helps communication keep going.

Examples:

 You may use conversational transitions that indicate a shift like “By the way...”, “Before I
forget...”, “Which reminds me of,” and the like.
 In a report presentation you may use expressions like “Moving on to the next topic…”, “Now,
let’s talk about…”, “This time, let me tell you about…”
Remember that Topic shifting requires a good timing. So, make sure that topic is adequately discussed
before changing it to another one. There may be a need to shift topic when there’s a pause in conversation,
minimal response like nodding and smiling.

6. Repair

Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that
they encounter in a conversation.

Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction (Schegloff et. al, 1977). We can employ
this strategy whenever we encounter problems in communication to prevent a breakdown.

Examples:

Speaker may use recasting or changing the form of message to a more understandable one using the
following expressions:

 “What I mean is….”

 What I am trying to say is that…”
The speaker may repeat his/her statements using the following expressions:

 “Let me repeat myself.”

 “Again…”
 I would like to reiterate that…”
Repair strategies also include requesting clarification or making a clarifying question, request for repetition,
and request for definition, translation or explanation.

References:
Peterson, Ronnia (2020) The ZandaX Communication Blog.

Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016) Oral Communication in Context fro Senior High School Page 4
  I am sorry but what do you mean by “new normal?”
 “Does it mean that we do not need to come to school if there are no faceto-face classes?
 “Can you please repeat the last part of the instructions?”
 “Doc, can you please explain what a ferritin test is?”
 Could you please clarify your state?
Repair may also include addressing physical and physiological issues affecting communication.

7. Termination
Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a
conversation.

This strategy is used to end an interaction or close a topic. Most of the time, the topic initiator or the person
who opened the topic takes responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well.

Examples:
You may use the following expressions to end a conversation:
 “It’s nice catching up with you. I must be going.”
 Thanks for your time. See you around.
 Regards to your wife. See you soon.”

In other situation, you may end the topic by sharing what you learned from the conversation.

References:
Peterson, Ronnia (2020) The ZandaX Communication Blog.

Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016) Oral Communication in Context fro Senior High School Page 5
 Oral Communication in Context
Week 1
ACTIVITY SHEET
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________
STRAND: _______________________________________________________________________
GRADE & SECTION: _______________________________________________________________________
SUBJECT TEACHER: _______________________________________________________________________
DATE SUBMITTED: __________________

Pre-test
Directions: Read each statement carefully and write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is wrong.

____________1. Repair in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
____________2. Turn-taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational
floor.
____________3. Communication must be only acceptable, polite and meaningful when talking to your
superior.
____________4. Termination refers to conversation participants’ close initiating expressions that end a topic
in a conversation.
____________5. Nomination covers how procedural formality and informality affects the development of
conversation.

Looking Back

Directions:To what classification of illocutionary act do the given examples belong? Choose your
answer from the choices below.
A. assertive
B. commissive
C. directive
D. expressive
E. declaration

1. “No one can sing as Leah does!”

2.“Please clean the room before you leave.”
3. “From this day forward, I promise to love you for the rest of my life.”
4.“You are blessed.”
5. “I love you very much!”
6.“Kindly see me after class.”

Activity Time

Activity 1. Movie Mo To!

Direction: Think of three scenes from your favorite movies where different communicative strategies were
employed in one conversation. Watch each scene and evaluate if it employs acceptable, polite and meaningful
communicative strategy. Use the table below for your evaluation.

References:
Peterson, Ronnia (2020) The ZandaX Communication Blog.

Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016) Oral Communication in Context fro Senior High School Page 6
Be guided by the rubric below in answering the third column of the table:

Activity 2. Talk to Me!

Direction: Assume that you are in the situation given below and complete the following conversations using acceptable,
polite and meaningful various communicative strategies that you learned. Use a separate sheet in answering this activity.

References:
Peterson, Ronnia (2020) The ZandaX Communication Blog.

Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016) Oral Communication in Context fro Senior High School Page 7
 Assessment

Directions: Identify the type of communicative strategy evident in each statement. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
___________1. “Ok goodbye! See you around.”
___________2. “Hello, I guess you are familiar. Have we met before?”
___________3. “Anyone, who is not in favor of my idea?
___________4. “May I request everybody to be quiet so we can proceed to the next part of our discussion?”
___________5. “Sorry but can you repeat your question?”
___________6. “That was an excellent solution to resolve this issue.”
___________7. “Do you have any clarification about our contingency plan this school year?”
___________8. “The president will lead the meeting and then the secretary will write the minutes.”
___________9. “In addition, to what you have said, I think we should also assure the safety of our learners in
times like this.”
___________10. “The rules only specified in the ordinance will be followed.”

“The result of bad communication is a disconnection between strategy and execution.”

-Chuck Martin-

References:
Peterson, Ronnia (2020) The ZandaX Communication Blog.

Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016) Oral Communication in Context fro Senior High School Page 8