Chapter 1: Electric Charge and Field

Coulomb's Law – State Coulomb's Law and write its expression, including the vector form.

Electric Field due to an Electric Dipole – Derive an expression for the electric field due to an electric dipole at
points on the axial axis and equatorial axis.

Gauss Theorem – State and prove Gauss' Theorem.

Electric Field due to a Uniformly Charged Infinite Wire – Derive an expression for the electric field due to an
infinite long thin uniformly charged wire.

Electric Field due to a Spherical Charged Shell – Derive a formula for the electric field due to a uniformly
charged spherical shell at a point inside and outside the shell.

Electric Field due to a Uniformly Charged Thin Plane Sheet – Derive an expression for the electric field due
to a uniformly charged thin plane sheet in all cases.

Torque on an Electric Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field – Derive a formula for the torque on an electric
dipole placed in a uniform electric field.

Potential Energy Stored in a Dipole – Derive a formula for the potential energy stored in a dipole placed in a
uniform electric field.

Chapter 2: Electric Potential and Capacitance

Electric Potential due to a Point Charge – Derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a point
charge.

Electric Potential due to an Electric Dipole – Derive a formula for electric potential due to an electric dipole at
points on the axial axis and equatorial axis.

Electrostatic Potential Energy of Two or Three Point Charges – Derive an expression for electrostatic potential
energy (PE) of two point charges, and also for a system of three point charges.

Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor – Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.

Energy Stored in a Capacitor – Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor and its energy density.

Capacitance and Potential Difference with Dielectric Slab – Derive a formula for capacitance and potential
difference when a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of a capacitor (both partially filled and completely
filled).

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Drift Velocity – Define drift velocity and derive its expression.

Relation between Current and Drift Velocity – Establish a relation between current and drift velocity, and prove
that current density is proportional to the drift speed of electrons.
Relaxation Time and Ohm’s Law – Define relaxation time, its relation to drift velocity, and use this
relation to prove Ohm’s Law.

Wheatstone Bridge Condition – Derive the condition for the Wheatstone Bridge using Kirchhoff's rules.

Current in Combination of Cells – Derive the expression for current in series and parallel combinations of cells.

Electric Energy and Power in a Circuit – Derive expressions for electric energy and electric power in a circuit.

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Biot-Savart Law – State the Biot-Savart Law and derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a long
current-carrying wire.

Magnetic Field due to a Circular Loop – Derive the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current- carrying
circular loop using Biot-Savart’s law.

Magnetic Field at the Centre of a Circular Coil – Derive the magnetic field at the center of a circular
current-carrying loop.

Ampere’s Circuital Law – State and prove Ampere’s Circuital Law, and use it to find the magnetic field due to a
long solenoid.

Magnetic Field inside and outside a Thick Wire – Derive the magnetic field at points inside, outside, and on
the surface of a thick, long current-carrying wire using Ampere’s Circuital Law.

Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field – Derive the formula for force on a current- carrying
conductor placed in a magnetic field.

Force per Unit Length Between Two Parallel Current-Carrying Conductors – Derive an expression for the
force per unit length between two long straight parallel current-carrying conductors and define the SI unit of
current (Ampere).

Torque on a Rectangular Loop in a Magnetic Field – Derive an expression for the torque acting on a rectangular
current-carrying loop in a uniform magnetic field.

Moving Coil Galvanometer – Derive the expression for the working of a moving coil galvanometer and explain
the function of its components.

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Magnetic Field due to a Magnetic Dipole – Derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a
magnetic dipole at a point on the axial axis.

Magnetic Field due to a Magnetic Dipole on the Equatorial Axis – Derive the expression for the magnetic
field due to a magnetic dipole on the equatorial axis.

Torque on a Magnetic Dipole in a Magnetic Field – Derive the formula for torque on a magnetic dipole placed
in a uniform magnetic field and the frequency of vibrations of a magnetic dipole.
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Motional EMF – Derive an expression for the induced emf across the ends of a rod moving with a uniform
velocity through a magnetic field.

Self-Inductance of a Solenoid – Derive the formula for the self-inductance of a solenoid.

Mutual Inductance of Two Coaxial Solenoids – Derive the expression for mutual inductance of two co- axial
solenoids.

Mutual Inductance of Two Circular Coils – Derive the expression for mutual inductance of two concentric circular
coils placed coaxially.

Induced EMF in a Rotating Coil – Derive an expression for the induced emf in a rotating rectangular coil in a
uniform magnetic field.

Induced EMF in a Rotating Rod – Derive the expression for the induced emf between the ends of a rotating
rod.

Principle of Transformer – Explain the principle of a transformer and its use in the transportation of electric
power.

Faraday’s Laws and Lenz’s Law – State Faraday’s laws and Lenz’s law, and prove that Lenz’s law is in accordance
with energy conservation.

Chapter 7: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Refracting Surface Formula – Derive the refracting surface formula for light transitioning from a rarer to a denser
medium (convex surface).

Lens Formula – Derive the lens formula for convex and concave lenses. Mirror

Formula – Derive the mirror formula for concave and convex mirrors.

Prism Formula – Derive the prism formula and plot the graph between angle of deviation and angle of incidence.

Total Internal Reflection – State the conditions for total internal reflection and derive the formula for the critical
angle.

Magnification Power of a Compound Microscope – Derive the formula for magnification power of a
compound microscope.

Magnification Power of a Telescope (Normal Adjustment) – Derive the magnification power of a

telescope with normal adjustment.

Magnification Power of a Telescope (Best Resolution Adjustment) – Derive the magnification power of a
telescope when the final image is at the least distance of distinct vision.

Chapter 8: Alternating Current

Phase Difference in Pure Inductor – Prove that in a pure inductor, voltage leads the current by a phase
difference of π/2.

Impedance in LR and CR Circuits – Derive the expression for impedance in LR and CR circuits. Impedance in

LCR Circuit – Derive the formula for impedance in an LCR circuit.

Impedance and Frequency Graph for LCR Circuit – Draw graphs between current and frequency, and
impedance and frequency for an LCR circuit, and derive a formula for impedance using the phasor diagram
method.

Power Dissipation in Pure Resistive Circuit – Prove that average power dissipation in a pure resistive circuit is
zero.

Power Dissipation in Inductive and Capacitive Circuits – Derive the formula for average power
dissipation in purely inductive and capacitive circuits.

Power Dissipation in LR/CR/LCR Circuits – Derive the formula for average power dissipation in LR, CR, and
LCR circuits.

Resistance vs Reactance – Distinguish between resistance and reactance, and draw graphs of inductive reactance
and capacitive reactance with frequency.

Chapter 9: Wave Optics

Huygens' Principle and Reflection – State Huygens' Principle and verify laws of reflection using it.

Huygens' Principle and Refraction – Use Huygens' Principle to verify laws of refraction.

Wavefront and Refraction through a Convex Lens – Define wavefront, and explain how it refracts
through a convex lens.

Resultant Intensity in Superposition of Waves – Show the resultant intensity due to the superposition of two
coherent waves.

Coherent Sources of Light – Define coherent sources and explain their necessity for observing sustained
interference patterns.

Differences Between Interference and Diffraction – Provide four differences between interference and diffraction
patterns.

Chapter 10: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Write Einstein's Photoelectric equation and mention which important features in photoelectric effect can
be explained with the help of this equation. The maximum kinetic energy of the photo-electrons gets
doubled when the wavelength of light incident on the surface changes from λ1 to λ2 . Derive the
expressions for the threshold wavelength λ0 and work function for the metal surface.

Explain with the help of Einstein’s photoelectric equation any two observed features in photoelectric
effect which cannot be explained by wave theory.
 Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and point out any two characteristic properties of photons on
which this equation is based. Briefly explain the three observed features which can be explained by this

caution.

Define the terms (i) 'cut-off voltage' and (ii) 'threshold frequency' in relation to the phenomenon of
photoelectric effect. Using Einstein's photoelectric equations show how the cut-off voltage and threshold
frequency for a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph.

Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential for two different
frequencies, v1 >v2, of incident radiation having the same intensity. In which case will the stopping
potential be higher? Justify your answer.

Write the laws of Photoelectric Effect and obtain Einstein's Photoelectric equation.

Chapter 11: Atoms

An alpha particle moving with initial kinetic energy K towards a nucleus of atomic number Z approaches
a distance 'd' at which it reverse its direction. Obtain the expression for the distance of closest approach
'd' in terms of the kinetic energy of alpha particle K. What will happen to the distance of closest
approach if kinetic energy is doubled.

Using Bohr's postulates, derive the expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when electrons in
hydrogen atoms undergo a transition from a higher energy state (quantum number n2) to the lower state
(quantum number n1)

State Bohr's postulate to explain stable orbits in a hydrogen atom. Also derive a formula for radius and
speed of an electron.

Explain how the De-Brogli hypothesis supported Bohr's quantization condition.

The ionization energy of a hydrogen atom will remain unchanged when the electron is replaced by a
particle that is 200 times heavier but has the same charge.

Chapter 12: Semiconductor electronics

Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and explain its working with input and output waveform.

Draw the energy band diagram of(I) n-type, and (ii)p-type semiconductors at temperature T>0 K In the case of
n-type Si-semiconductor, the donor energy level is slightly below the bottom of conduction band whereas in
p-type semiconductor. the acceptor energy level is slightly above the top of valence band. Explain, giving
examples, what role do these energy levels play in conduction and valence bands.

Write any two distinguishing features between conductors, semiconductors and insulators on the basis of
energy band diagrams. Also draw their energy band diagrams.

Draw the circuit diagram of the half wave rectifier and explain its working.

Explain the role of diffusion current and drift current in the formation of the depletion layer in a p-n
junction diode.

Draw the circuit diagram of a p-n junction with forward bias and reverse bias and also draw current and
potential difference graphs.
Explain the formation of the depletion layer/region in a p-n junction. Define potential barrier