CLASS XII (2023-24)

PHYSICS (THEORY)
Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks: 70

No. of
Unit Topics Mark
periods
Unit–I Electrostatics
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and 26 16
Capacitance
Unit-II Current Electricity
Chapter–3: Current Electricity 18
Unit-III Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 25
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 17
Unit-IV Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating
Currents 24
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Unit–V Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 04
Unit–VI Optics 18
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical 30
Instruments
Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Unit–VII Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and 8
Matter 12
Unit–VIII Atoms and Nuclei
Chapter–12: Atoms 15
Chapter–13: Nuclei
Unit–IX Electronic Devices
Chapter–14: Semiconductor 10
Electronics: Materials, Devices and 7
Simple Circuits
Total 160 70

9
Unit I: Electrostatics 26 Periods
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law: electrostatic
force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges;
superposition principleand continuous charge distribution.
Electric field: electric field intensity, electric field (intensity) due to a point
charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole,
torque on a dipole placed in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its application to find out
electric field due to an infinitely long & uniformly charged straight
wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin
spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point
charge, a dipole and a system of point charges; equi-potential surfaces,
electric potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of
electric dipole in an electric field.
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a
conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and
capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel,
capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric
medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation,
formulae only).

Unit II: Current Electricity 18 Periods

Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift
velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I
characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power,
electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of
resistance, internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a
cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules,
Wheatstone bridge.

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 25 Periods

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its
application to find the magnetic field near a current carrying circular loop.
Ampere's law and its applications to to find the magnetic field near an
infinitely long straight wire carrying current. Straight solenoid (only

10
 qualitative treatment).
Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force
on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force
between two parallel current-carrying conductors: definition of ampere.
Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current
loopas a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment.
Moving coil galvanometer: its current sensitivity and conversion to
ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet: bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment
only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet)
along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only),
torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field
(qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.
Magnetic properties of materials- dia- para- and ferro - magnetic materials
with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on
magnetic properties.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents 24 Periods

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's laws; induced emf and current;
Lenz's Law, self and mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current / voltage;
reactance and impedance; series LCR circuit (phasors only), resonance,
power in AC circuits, power factor, watt-less current.
AC generator, Transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves 04 Periods

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their
characteristics, transverse nature of e m waves (qualitative idea only).
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible,
ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their
uses.

Unit VI: Optics 30 Periods

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula,
refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at
11
 spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula,
magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact,
refraction of light through a prism.
Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting
and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and
refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of
laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle.
Interference: Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe
width (No derivation; final expression only), coherent sources and
sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of
central maxima (qualitative treatmentonly).

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 08 Periods

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's
observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light.
Experimental study of photoelectric effect
Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei 15 Periods

Chapter–12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr
model of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of nth stationary orbit,
velocity and energy of electron in nth orbit, hydrogen line spectra
(qualitative treatment only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force, Mass-energy relation, mass
defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number;
nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices 10 Periods

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and
Simple Circuits
Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative
ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors: p- and n- type, p-n
junction
Semiconductor diode: I~V characteristics in forward and reverse bias,
application of junction diode: diode as a rectifier.
12