MODE

CW NO. – 89
INTRODUCTION TO MODE:-

Mode is the value occurring most frequently in a set of observations and around which other
items of the set cluster most densely.

The value of the variable which occurs most frequently in a distribution is called the mode.
Mode with Frequency Curve
If the investigator wants to explain the mode of a series graphically, then the mode of that
series would be the point of maximum frequency and is indicated by the peak of a frequency
curve. In the graph given below, the X-axis denotes the value of variable and the Y-axis denotes
the corresponding frequencies. Now, mode will be that value on the X-axis, with the
corresponding maximum frequency on the Y-axis.
CW NO. – 90

CALCULATION OF MODE IN INDIVIDUAL SERIES:-

1. OBSERVATION METHOD

Height 52 50 66 70 66 72 71 66 60 67 69 67 48 60 65
(in
inches)

Arrange

Height 48 50 52 60 60 65 66 66 66 67 67 69 70 71 72
(in
inches)

Z = 66

1. MODE BY CONVERTING INDIVIDUAL SERIES IN TO DISCRETE SERIES:-

Height 52 50 66 70 66 72 71 66 60 67 69 67 48 60 65
(in
inches)
 Height (in inches) Frequency
48 1
50 1
52 1
60 2
65 1
66 3
67 2
69 1
70 1
71 1
72 1
Total 15

Z = 66
CALCULATION OF MODE IN DISCRETE SERIES:-
1. OBSERVATION METHOD:-

Daily wages (Rs) No of employees

100 2
110 4
120 8
130 10
140 5
150 4

Z= Rs 130

2. Grouping Method:-
Grouping Table
 Analysis Table

Z=6
CW NO. – 91
CALCULATION OF MODE IN CONTINUOUS SERIES:-

1. OBSERVATION METHOD
Question 1
CW NO. – 92

1. GROUPING METHOD

Question 1

SIZE 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

FREQUENCY 4 10 25 15 23 22 12 3

GROUPING TABLE

X FREQUENCY IN TWO’S IN THREE’S

COLUMN -1 COLUMN -2 COLUMN -3 COLUMN -4 COLUMN -5 COLUMN -6
10-20 4 14 39
20-30 10 35 50
30-40 25 40 63
40-50 15 38 60
50-60 23 45 57
60-70 22 34 37
70-80 12 15
80-90 3

ANALYSIS TABLE

COLUMN 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

NO
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
TOTAL - - 2 3 5 3 1 -
USE FORMULA

Z = 58.89

Question 2

SIZE 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

FREQUENCY 5 7 15 18 16 9 6 3

Z = 18
Question 2

Z= 23.7
CW NO. – 93
MODE in Special Cases: -

Special Cases Remark

Cumulative Frequency Convert it into simple frequency
Distribution distribution.
(Less than an more than)
Mid Value Series Convert mid values in to class
intervals
Inclusive Series Convert into exclusive series.
Open End Series No need to find Missing limits.
Calculate median in usual
manner
Unequal class interval class interval have to be made
equal and frequencies have to be
adjusted.
CW NO. – 94

MODE BY GRAPHICAL METHOD:-

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEAN, MEDIAN AND MODE:-
CW NO. – 95
Question 1

Age of 11 students of class XI is given below. Find the modal age by: (i) Observation
Method; (ii) Frequency distribution Method.

Age (in years) 15 16 16 17 15 16 18 17 15 17 17

Answer:

Age Frequency
(X) (f)
15 3
16 3
17 4 Modal Class
18 1
 N=11

Since 17 occurs the highest number of times in the series i.e. 4 times.
Hence, Mode = 17

Question 2

Find modal item of the followings set of numbers:

2 5 2 3 5 5 6 4 5 3 5 2 5 7 1

Answer:

X Frequency
(f)
1 1
2 3
3 2
4 1
→Modal
5 6
Class
6 1
7 1
N=15

Since 5 occurs the highest number of times in the series i.e. 6 times.
Hence, Mode = 5

Question 3

From the followind data, calculate the value of mode.

Salary (in ₹) 2,000 2,100 2,400 2,900 3,100 3,300

No. of Workers 3 5 10 19 8 4

Answer:

Salary Frequency
(X) (f)
2000 3
2100 5
 2400 10
Modal
2900 19
Class
3100 8
3300 4

The data given in the question is a discrete series. Therefore, using the inspection
method of ascertaining mode, we know that the item which repeats itself the
maximum number of times is regarded as the mode of the given series. In this manner,
2900 is regarded as the modal value, as it has the highest frequency (of 19 times).
Therefore, mode (Z) is 2900.

Question 4

Compute the mode from the following by: (i) Observation Method; (ii) Grouping
Method.

Hight (in inches) 60 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

No. of Persons 5 13 18 20 21 30 23 12 4 2

Answer:

(i) Observation Method

Height No. of persons

(X) (f)
60 5
62 13
63 18
64 20
65 21
66 30 Modal Class
67 23
68 12
69 4
70 2

Using the observation method of ascertaining mode, we know that the item which
repeats itself the maximum number of times is regarded as the mode of the given
series. In this manner,66 is regarded as the modal value, as it has the highest
frequency (of 30 times).
Therefore, mode (Z) is 66 inches.

(ii) Grouping Method

For the given distribution, the grouping table is as follows.

On the basis of this grouping table, an analysis table is prepared. For each column of
the grouping table, we analyse which item/group of items correspond to the highest
frequency.

From the analysis table, it is clear that 66 repeats the maximum number of times.
Thus, mode is 66.

Question 5

Find out mode from the following data:

Class-Interval 0−5 5−10 10−15 15−20 20−25 25−30 30−35 35−40

Frequency 5 7 15 18 16 9 6 3

Answer:

Class Interval Frequency (f)

0−5 5
5 − 10 7
10 − 15 15 f0
15 − 20 18 f1
20 − 25 16 f2
25 − 30 9
30 − 35 6
35 − 40 3

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (15 – 20) as it has the highest
frequency of 18.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =15+18-15218-15-16×5or, Z=15+336-
31×5or, Z=15+3= 18Hence, mode (Z) is 18.
Question 6

Calculate the mode from the following data:

Marks 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60 60−70

No. of Students 8 11 9 25 12 16

Answer:

Frequency
Class Interval
(f)
10 − 20 8
20 − 30 11
30 − 40 9 f0
40 − 50 25 f1
50 − 60 12 f2
60 − 70 16

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (40 – 50) as it has the highest
frequency of 25.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =40+25-9225-9-12×10or, Z=40+1650-
21×10or, Z=40+5.517= 45.52Hence, mode (Z) is 45.52.

Question 7 Calculate the mode from the following data:

Marks(below) 15 30 45 60 75 90
No. of Students 10 30 60 84 90 100

Answer:

Number of students Frequency

Class Interval
(c.f) (f)
0 − 15 10 10
15 − 30 30 30 − 10 = 20 (f0)
30 − 45 60 60 − 30 = 30 (f1)
45 − 60 84 84 − 60 = 24 (f2)
60 − 75 90 90 − 84 = 6
75 − 90 100 100− 90 = 10

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (30 – 45) as it has the highest
frequency of 30.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =30+30-20230-20-24×15or, Z=30+1060-
44×15or, Z=30+9.375= 39.375Hence, mode (Z) is 39.375.

Question 8

Find out mode of the following frequency distribution:

Marks (More than) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

No. of Students 40 38 33 25 15 7 5 2 0

Answer:

Number of
Frequency
Class Interval students
(f)
(c.f.)
0 − 10 40 2(=40-38)
10 − 20 38 5(=38-33)
20 − 30 33 8(=33-25) (f0)
30 − 40 25 10(=25-15) (f1)
40 − 50 15 8(=15-7) (f2)
50 − 60 7 2(=7-5)
60 − 70 5 3(=5-2)
70 − 80 2 2(=2-0)
80 − 90 0 0
By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (30 – 40) as it has the highest
frequency of 10.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =30+10-8210-8-
8×10or, Z=30+24×10or, Z=30+5= 35Hence, mode (Z) is 35.

Question 9

Find out the mode value from the following data:

Mid-value 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
Frequency 5 8 12 16 28 15 3 2

Answer:

Frequency
Mid Value Class Interval
(f)
15 10 − 20 5
25 20 − 30 8
 35 30 − 40 12
45 40 − 50 16 f0
55 50 − 60 28 f1
65 60 − 70 15 f2
75 70 − 80 3
85 80 − 90 2

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (50 – 60) as it has the highest
frequency of 28.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =50+28-16228-16-
15×10or, Z=50+1225×10or, Z=50+4.8= 54.8Hence, mode (Z) is 54.8.

Question 10

Find out the modal value from the following data:

Marks 0−9 10−19 20−29 30−39 40−49 50−59

No. of Students 3 7 15 25 10 4

Answer:

Note that the given distribution is in the form of inclusive class intervals. For the
calculation of mode, first the class intervals must be converted into exclusive form
using the following formula.
Value of Adjustment = Lower limit of one class -
Upper limit of the preceeding class2 Value of lower limit of one class − Value of upper limit of the preceed
ing class2
The value of adjustment as calculated is then added to the upper limit of each class
and subtracted from the lower limit of each class. In this manner, we get the following
distribution.

Inclusive
Exclusive Frequency
Class
Class Interval (f)
Interval
0−9 -0.5 − 9.5 3
10 − 19 9.5 − 19.5 7
20 − 29 19.5 − 29.5 15 f0
30 − 39 29.5 − 39.5 25 f1
40 − 49 39.5 − 49.5 10 f2
50 − 59 49.5 − 59.5 4
 By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (29.5 – 39.5) as it has the highest
frequency of 25.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =29.5+25-15225-15-10×10or, Z=29.5+1050-
25×10or, Z=29.5+10025or, Z=29.5+4 = 33.5
Hence, mode is 33.5.

Question 11

Calculate mode of the following data:

X Below 5 5−10 10−15 15−20 20−25 25−30 30−35 35−40 Above 40

Y 20 24 32 28 20 16 34 10 8

Answer:

Frequency
X
(f)
Below 5 20
5 − 10 24 f0
10 − 15 32 f1
15 − 20 28 f2
20 − 25 20
25 − 30 16
30 − 35 34
35 − 40 10
above 40 8

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (10 – 15) as it has the highest
frequency of 32.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =10+32-24232-24-
28×5or, Z=10+4012or, Z=10+3.33 = 13.33Hence, mode is 13.33.

Question 12

Variable 0−10 10−20 20−40 40−50 50−70

No. of Students 5 12 40 32 28

Answer:

In the given question, class intervals are not equal. For the calculation of mode, first
the class intervals are made equal and frequencies are adjusted assuming that
frequencies are equally distributed. In this manner, we get the following distribution.

Frequency
Class Interval
(f)
0 − 10 5
10 − 20 12
20 − 30 20
30 − 40 20 f0
40 − 50 32 f1
50 − 60 14 f2
60 − 70 14

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (40 – 50) as it has the highest
frequency of 32.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =40+32-20232-20-14×10or, Z=40+1264-
34×10or, Z=40+12030or, Z=40+4 = 44Hence, mode is 44.

Question 13

Compute graphically, the modal value of the given data:

Age 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50

No. of Persons 2 5 7 5 2

Answer:

Hence, the mode of the series is 25 years.

Question 14

The monthly profits in rupees (in thousands) of 100 shops are given below:

Marks 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60

No. of Students 3 5 9 3 2
Calculate the value of mode by graphical method.
Answer:

Hence, the mode of the series is 34 marks.

Question 15

Find lower quartile, median and upper quartile from the data given below

Class-interval (More than) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Frequency 100 99 96 85 64 31 9

Answer:

Cumulative
Frequency
Class Interval Frequency
(f)
(c.f.)
10 − 20 1 1
20 − 30 3 4
30 − 40 11 15
40 − 50 21 36
50 − 60 33 (f) 69
60 − 70 22 91
70 − 80 9 100
N=∑f=100

Lower Quartile

Q1=Size of N4th item=1004th=25th item

This lies in the class interval (40-50).
Now,
Q1=l1=N4-c.f.f×ior, Q1 =40+25-1521×10⇒Q1=44.76

Thus, the value of lower quartile is 44.76.

Median
Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.1002th item, which is 50th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of 50 − 60, so this is the median class.Uppe
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, Median=l1+1002-c.f.f×ior, Median=50+50-
3633×10or, Median=50+4.24=54.24Thus, Median=54.24
Upper Quartile

Q3=Size of 31004th=75th item

This lies in the class interval (60-70).

Q3=l1=3(N4)-c.f.f×ior, Q3=60+75-6922×10⇒Q3=62.72

Thus, the value of upper quartile is 62.72.

Question 38:

From the following data of the ages of different persons, determine the modal age.

Age (in years) 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60 60−70 70−80
No. of Persons 4 26 32 10 9 6 3

Answer:

Number of
Age(in years)
Persons
(X)
(f)
10 − 20 4
20 − 30 26 f0
30 − 40 32 f1
40 − 50 10 f2
50 − 60 9
60 − 70 6
70 − 80 3

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (30 – 40) as it has the highest
frequency of 32.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =30+32-26232-26-10×10or, Z=30+664-
36×10or, Z=30+2.14= 32.14Hence, mode (Z) is 32.14 years.

Question 16

Find mean, median, and mode for the following data

Classes 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60

Frequencies 4 15 10 7 3 1
Answer:

Mid Cumulative
Frequency
Class Interval Values Frequency fm
(f)
(m) (c.f.)
0 − 10 5 4(f0) 4 20
10 − 20 15 15(f1) 19 225 → Modal Class
20 − 30 25 10(f2) 29 250
30 − 40 35 7 36 245
40 − 50 45 3 39 135
50 − 60 55 1 40 55
N = ∑f=40 ∑fm =930

MeanMean (X¯)=ΣfmΣf=93040=23.25

Median
Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.402th item, which is 20th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of (20 − 30), so this is the median class.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, Median=20+402-c.f.f×ior, Median=20+20-
1910×10or, Median=20+1=21Thus, median=21

Mode

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (10 – 20) as it has the highest
frequency of 15.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =10+15-4215-4-10×10or, Z=10+1130-
14×10or, Z=10+11016or, Z=10+6.875=16.875Hence, mode (Z) is 16.875.

Question 17:

Calculate median from the following:

Marks (less than) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

No. of Students 3 11 16 32 58 70 76 79 80

Answer:

Cumulative
Frequency
Class Interval Frequency
(f)
(c.f.)
0−5 3 3
5 − 10 11 8
 10 − 15 16 5
15 − 20 32 (c.f.) 16
20 − 25 58 26 (f)
25 − 30 70 12
30 − 35 76 6
35 − 40 79 3
40 − 45 80 1
N=80

Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.802th item, which is 40th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of 20 − 25, so this is the median class.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, Median=l1+802-c.f.f×ior, Median=20+40-
3226×5or, Median=20+1.538=21.538Thus, Median=21.54

Question 18:

Calculate the mean, the mode and the median from the following frequency
distribution.

Height (in
60−61 61−62 62−63 63−64 64−65 65−66 66−67 67−68 68−69
inches)
Frequency 4 16 8 24 35 18 19 16 10

Answer:

Mid Cumulative
Frequency
Height Values Frequency fm
(f)
(m) (c.f.)
60 − 61 60.5 4 4 242
61 − 62 61.5 16 20 984
62 − 63 62.5 8 28 500
63 − 64 63.5 24 (f0) 52 (c.f.) 1524
64 − 65 64.5 35 (f1) 87 2257.5 Modal Class
65 − 66 65.5 18 (f2) 105 1179
66 − 67 66.5 19 124 1263.5
67 − 68 67.5 16 140 1080
68 − 69 68.5 10 150 685
N = ∑f=150 ∑fm =9715

MeanMean (X¯)=ΣfmΣf=9715150=64.76
Median
Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.1502th item, which is 75th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of (64 − 65), so this is the median class.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, Median=64+1502-c.f.f×ior, Median=64+75-
5235×1or, Median=64+0.65=64.65Thus, median=64.65

Mode

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (64 – 65) as it has the highest
frequency of 35.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =64+35-24235-24-18×1or, Z=64+1170-
42×1or, Z=64+1128or, Z=64+0.39=64.39Hence, mode (Z) is 64.39.

Question 18:

In the frequency distribution of 100 students gives below. The number of students
corresponding to marks groups 10-20 and 30-40 are missing from the table. However,
the median is known to be 23. Find the missing frequencies

Marks 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50

No. of Students 8 ? 40 ? 10

Answer:

Given, Median = 23
N=100
Let the missing frequencies be f1 and f2.

Frequency Cumulative Frequency

Marks
(f) (cf)
0 − 10 8 8
10 − 20 f1 8+f1
20 − 30 40 48+f1
30 − 40 f2 48+f1+f2
40 − 50 10 58+f1+f2
N = ∑f =100

Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.1002th item, which is 50th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of (20 − 30) as median is 23.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, 23=20+1002-(8+f1)40×10or, 23=20+50-8-
f140×10or, 12=42-f1or, f1= 42-12⇒ f1 = 30

58 + f1 + f2 = 100
or, f2 = 100 − 58 − 30
⇒ f2 = 12

Therefore, f1 is 30 and f2 is 12.

Question 19:

Calculate the value of median and mode from the following distribution.

Mid-point 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Frequency 8 10 15 25 40 20 15 7

Answer:

For the calculation of median, the given mid-values must be converted into class
intervals using the following formula.
Value of adjustment = Mid-point of one class - Mid-point of preceeding class2
The value obtained is then added to the mid-point to obtain the upper limit and
subtracted from the mid-point to obtain the lower limit. In this manner, we obtain the
following distribution.

Cumulative
Mid Frequency
Class Interval Frequency
Points (f)
(c.f.)
20 15 − 25 8 8
30 25 − 35 10 18
40 35 − 45 15 33
50 45 − 55 25 (f0) 58 (c.f.)
60 55 − 65 40 (f1) 98
70 65 − 75 20 (f2) 118
 80 75 − 85 15 133
90 85 − 95 7 140
N = ∑f =140

Median
Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.1402th item, which is 70th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of (55 − 65), so this is the median class.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×ior, Median=55+70-
5840×10or, Median=55+3=58Thus, Median=58

Mode

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (55 − 65) as it has the highest
frequency of 40.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =55+40-25240-25-
20×10or, Z=55+1535×10or, Z=55+4.28= 59.28Hence, mode (Z) is 59.28.

Question 20:

From the following data, find the value of mode.

Size 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Frequency 2 3 5 7 14 12 8 7 3

Answer:

Size Frequency
5 2
10 3
15 5
20 7
25 14 Modal Class
30 12
35 8
40 7
45 3

The data given in the question is a discrete series. Therefore, using the inspection
method of ascertaining mode, we know that the item which repeats itself the
maximum number of times is regarded as the mode of the given series. In this manner,
25 is regarded as the modal value, as it has the highest frequency (of 14 times).
Therefore, mode (Z) is 25.
Question 21:

Calculate the mean, median and mode of the following data:

Monthly Profit Frequency

Less than 10 4
Less than 20 20
Less than 30 35
Less than 40 55
Less than 50 62
Less than 60 67

Answer:

Cumulative
Frequency Mid
Class Interval Frequency fm
(f) Values (m)
(c.f.)
0 − 10 4 4 5 20
10 − 20 20 (c.f) 16 15 240
20 − 30 35 15 (f0) 25 375
30 − 40 55 20 (f1) 35 700 Modal class
40 − 50 62 7 (f2) 45 315
50 − 60 67 5 55 275
N = ∑f=67 ∑fm =1925

MeanMean (X¯)=ΣfmΣf=192567=28.73

Median
Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.672th item, which is 33.5th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of (20 − 30), so this is the median class.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, Median=20+672-c.f.f×ior, Median=20+33.5-
2015×10or, Median=20+9=29Thus, median=29

Mode

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (30 – 40) as it has the highest
frequency of 20.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =30+20-15220-15-
7×10or, Z=30+518×10or, Z=30+5018or, Z=30+2.77=32.77Hence, mode (Z) is 32.77.
Question 22:

Find the median of the following data:

Valuable 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60 60−70

Frequency 7 12 18 25 16 14 8

Answer:

Cumulative Frequency
Variable Frequency (f)
(c.f.)
0 − 10 7 7
10 − 20 12 19
20 − 30 18 37 (c.f.)
30 − 40 25 (f) 62
40 − 50 16 78
50 − 60 14 92
60 − 70 8 100
N=100

Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.1002th item, which is 50th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of (30 − 40), so this is the median class.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, Median=30+1002-c.f.f×ior, Median=30+50-
3725×10or, Median=30+5.2=35.2Thus, median=35.2

Question 23:

Find out mode from the following data:

Size 0−4 4−6 6−10 10−15 15−20 20−30 30−35 35−40

Frequency 2 4 3 5 2 20 6 8

Answer:

In the given question, class intervals are not equal. For the calculation of mode, first
the class intervals are made equal and frequencies are adjusted assuming that
frequencies are equally distributed. In this manner, we get the following distribution.

Frequency
Class Interval
(f)
 0 − 10 9
10 − 20 7 (f0)
20 − 30 20 (f1)
30 − 40 14 (f2)

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (20 – 30) as it has the highest
frequency of 20.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =20+20-7220-7-14×10or, Z=20+1340-
21×10or, Z=20+13019or, Z=20+6.84 = 26.84Hence, mode is 26.84.

Question 24:

Calculatate the Median and Mode form the following data:

Marks 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60 60−70 70−80

No. of Students 2 18 30 45 35 20 6 3

Answer:

Number of Cumulative
Marks
Students Frequency
(f) (c.f.)
0 − 10 2 2
10 − 20 18 20
20 − 30 30 (f0) 50 (c.f)
30 − 40 45 (f1) 95
40 − 50 35 (f2) 130
50 − 60 20 150
60 − 70 6 156
70 − 80 3 159
N=159

Median

Median class is given by the size of N2th item, i.e.1592th item, which is 79.5th item.
This corresponds to the class interval of (30 − 40), so this is the median class.
Median=l1+N2-c.f.f×iso, Median=30+1592-c.f.f×ior, Median=30+79.5-
5045×10or, Median=30+6.55=36.55Thus, median=36.55

Mode
By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (30 − 40) as it has the highest
frequency of 45.
Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =30+45-30245-30-35×10or, Z=30+1590-
65×10or, Z=30+15025or, Z=30+6=36Hence, mode (Z) is 36.

Question 25:

Find out the median of the following frequency distribution:

Marks 50 55 60 65 70 75
No. of Students 5 7 6 10 5 8

Answer:

Number of
Marks Cumulative
Students
Frequency (c.f.)
(f)
50 5 5
55 7 12
60 6 18
65 10 28
70 5 33
75 8 41
N= 41

Median = size of N+12th item

or, Median =41+12=21st item
Now, we need to locate this item in the column of Cumulative Frequency. The item
exceeding 21st is 28 (in the c.f. column), which is corresponding to 65. ​Hence,
median is 65.

Question 26:

Calculate mode from the following data:

Income 15−24 25−34 35−44 45−54 55−64 65−74

No. of Workers 8 10 15 25 40 20

Answer:
Note that the given distribution is in the form of inclusive class intervals. For the
calculation of mode, first the class intervals must be converted into exclusive form
using the following formula.

Value of Adjustment = Lower limit of one class -

Upper limit of the preceeding class2 Value of lower limit of one class − Value of upper limit of the preceed
ing class2
The value of adjustment as calculated is then added to the upper limit of each class
and subtracted from the lower limit of each class. In this manner, we get the following
distribution.

Inclusive
Exclusive Frequency
Class
Class Interval (f)
Interval
0−9 -0.5 − 9.5 3
10 − 19 9.5 − 19.5 7
20 − 29 19.5 − 29.5 15 f0
30 − 39 29.5 − 39.5 25 f1
40 − 49 39.5 − 49.5 10 f2
50 − 59 49.5 − 59.5 4

By inspection, we can say that the modal class is (29.5 – 39.5) as it has the highest
frequency of 25.

Mode (Z)=l1+f1-f02f1-f0-f2×ior, Z =29.5+25-15225-15-10×10or, Z=29.5+1050-

25×10or, Z=29.5+10025or, Z=29.5+4 = 33.5

Hence, mode is 33.5.