SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2024-25

Issued by Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE)

CLASSX
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. All questions would be compulsory. However, an internal choice of approximately 33%
would be provided. 50% marks are to be allotted to competency-based questions.
2. Section A would have 16 simple/complex MCQs and 04 Assertion-Reasoning type
questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B would have 6 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C would have 7 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D would have 3 Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E would have 3 source-based/case-base d/passage-based/integr ated units of
assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the values of 1/2/3 marks.

SECTION-A
Questions 1 to 16 are multiple-choice questions. Only one of the choices is correct. Select and
write the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.
1. Identify 'p', 'q' and 'r' in the following balanced reaction: Heat
p Pb(NO3)2(s) Heat III q PbO(s) + r NO2(g) + O2(g)
A. 2,2,4
B. 2,4,2
C. 2,4,4
D. 4,2,2

2. Match column I with column II and select the correct option using the given codes.
Column I Column II
a. A metal that forms amphoteric oxides (i) Ga
b. A metal that melts when kept on our palm (ii) Au
c. A metal that reacts with nitric acid (iii) Al
d. A metal that cannot displace hydrogen from acids (iv) Mn
A. a - (ii), b - (i), c - (iii), d - (iv)
B. a - (iii), b - (i), c - (iv), d - (ii)
C. a - (iv), b - (ii), c - (iii), d - (i)
D. a - (iii), b - (ii), c - (i), d - (iv)
3. The solution in the given figure is likely to be
 SCIENCE fi

Bulb does not glow

A. HN 03
B. C2HsOH
C. H2SO4
D. CO2 in wat er
of an
s solu tion , 'A, ' turn s the phe nol pht halein solution pink. On the addition
4. An aqu eou ents
utio n 'B' to 'A', the pin k col our disa ppears, which of the following statem
aqu eou s sol
is true for the solutions 'A' and 'B '.
k base.
A. A is stro ngl y b~sic, and B is a wea
k acid.
B. A is stro ngl y acidic, and B is a wea
a pH less than 7.
C. A has a pH gre ater than 7, and B has
a pH greater than 7.
D. A has a pH less tha n 7, and B has
a few
of lea d pow der is add ed to 300 ml of blu e cop per sulp hat e solution, afte r
5. Wh en 50g
This is an exa mp le of
h9u rs, the sqlutioI]- becomes colourless.
A. Com bin atio n reaction
B. Dec om pos itio n reaction
C. Dis pla cem ent reaction
D. Do ubl e disp lace me nt reaction
and Z
nic con figu rati on of thre e elem ent s X, Y and Z are X- 2, 8, 7; Y- 2, 8, 2;
6. The ele ctro
-2 ' 8 i •

A. Y and Z are metals

B. Y and X are non-metals
C. X is a non-metal, and Y is a metal.
D. Y is a non-metal, and Z is ~ metal

ermic rea ctio n?

7. Wh ich of the f~llowing is an endoth
A. Bur nin g of candle.
B. Coo kin g of food.
C. Dec om pos itio n of Vegetable matter.
D. Reaction of Sodium with air
tion of oth er
ring the cell ula r oxi dat ion of Glu cos e, ATP is pro duc ed alo ng with the for ma
8. Du duc tion
~ in this reac tion . Wh ich of the foll owing events is ass oci ated wit h the pro
pro duc sis of
xim um AT P mo lecu les per mo lecu le of Glu cos e during this pro ces s? Syn the
of ma
A. ethanol in yeast
B. lactic acid in muscle cells
C. carbon dioxide in yea st cells
EXAMPOiNT
 I
SCIENCE
I
carbon dioxide in human cells

9 · During which of the following stages of the circulation of blood in a normal human being, ·
the oxygenated blood is pumped to all parts of the body?
A. contraction of the left atrium
B. contraction of the left ventricle
C. relaxation of the right atrium
D. relaxation of the right ventricle

I 0. Which of the following adaptations in herbivores helps in the digestion of cellulose?

A. Longer large intestine
B. Smaller large intestine
C. Smaller small intestine
D. Longer small intestine

11. There was a cerebellar dysfunction in a patient. Which of the following activities will get
disturbed in this patient as a result of this?
A. Salivation
B. Hunger control
C. Posture and balance
D. Regulation of blood pressure

12. In snails, individuals can begin life as male, and depending on environmental conditions,
they can become female as they grow. This is because
A. male snails have dominant genetic makeup.
B. female snails have dominant genetic makeup.
C. expression of sex chromosomes can change in a snail's lifetime.
D. sex is not genetically determined in snails.

13. In the following cases, a ray is incident on a concave mirror. In which case is the angle of
incidence equal to zero?
A. A ray parallel to the principal axis .
.B. A ray passes through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely.
C. A ray passes through the principal focus and incident obliquely.
D. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis at the pole of the mirror.

14.

A
Glass prism
B

Choose dre correct option for the colour of.r.ays for A and B.
ioo1 c; rr,

· ·-
·,12\(;, ,

.. < EXAM POiNT

 SCIENCE i1
f
Colour of Ray A Colour of Ray B • ) '
A. Blue Red
B. Green Yellow
C. \
Red Violet
D. Violet Indigo ..,n

15. Identify the incorrect statement 'The energy available to the producers is maximum'
because:
A. It is the first tr~phic level that absorbs 1% of light energy directly from the source. ,
B. It utilises most of the chemical energy for its respiration, growth, reproduction,
movement, etc.
C. It utilises 10%_of light energy and transfers the rest to_the next trophic level. _
D. It transfers only 10% of l~ght energy to the next trophic level.
1,

16. Which of the following is not a role of decomposers in the ecosystem?i1m

A. Natural replenishment of soil. , J bIJ.
B. Enricliment ci oxygen in 1the atmosphere. . I
I ' ;

no1.
C. Waste decomposition.
D. Break-down of dead remains.
d · r, I

Question No. 17 to 20 consist ·o.fi.two statements -Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation ofA.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation ofA.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true

17. Assertion(A): On adding dil. HCl to a test tube containing a substance 'X', a colourless
gas, is produced, which gives a pop sound when a burning match stick is brought near it.
Reason(R): In this reaction metal 'X' is displaced by Hydrogen.

18. Assertion(A): ~e number of chromosomes in a cell and a germ ~ell is not the same in.any
species. .
Reason(R): When 2 germ cells combine, they restore 'the normal number of chromosomes
in a species.

19. Assertion(A): A,~onvex Jl!irro~ a\way,s forms an image behind it, and the image.formed is
virtual.
Reason(R): According to the sign convention, the focal length of a convex mirror is
positive.
'
20 _Assertion(A): If the lions are removed f\om1a food chain, it will not affect thtrfood chain.'
However, if the plants are removed from a food chain, it will disturb the ecosystem.

I) EXAMPOiNT · /• ._,_ -
 SCIENCE . I
Reason(R): Plants are producers who can make food using sunlight, while lions are
consumers.

SECTIDN -B
Questions No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions.

21. Identify the type of each of the following reactions, stating the reason for your answers.
A. Fe2O3 + 2Al -+ AhO3 + 2Fe + heat .
B. Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI -;--+,, Pbh(!)+ 2KNO3

22. Differentiate between alveoli and nephrons on the basis of the following points:
S.No. Feature Alveoli Nephron
'
Structure and
1
location
2 Function

23. Attempt either option A or B.

A. List the steps for the synthesis of glucose by the .plants. What special feature is found
in desert plants related to this process?
OR _
B. Explain the role of the following enzymes in the process of digestion of food in humans:
(i) Salivary amylase, (ii) Pepsin, (iii) Trypsin, (iv) Lipase

24.

Tiie above 'figure shows the formation of an image by a lens shown by a thick line.
. . ,
Analyse the figure and answer the following questions.
A. What is the type of lens used?
B. What is the nature of the image?
C. If the image is formed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens and the image is twice the
size of the object, then where is the object placed?

25. Attempt either option A or B. A.

EXAIIPOiNT
 SCIENCE I
230V I • ,!
.,
;

1
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y
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The electric circuit .(above figure) in a clothes dryer contains two heaters, X and Y, in
parallel. The above figure shows the circuit connected to a 230 V power supply. When both
switches are closed, the current in Xis 3.5 A. ·

Analyse the circuit given above and answer the following questions.
(i) Calculate the power developed in heater X.
(ii) If the resistance ofX is double that ofY,. calculate the current in heater Y.
OR

{O 1:
~q~tc
II ·lq tT

X y

R 2R

The above figure shows two resistors, X and Y, connected in series to a battery. The
power dissipated for this combination is P1. When these resistors are connected in parallel
to the same battery, then the power dissipated is given by P2. Fin~ out the ratio ~ .

26.
What impact '\"ill the process shown.in the image have on Humans if they occupy the last
trophic level? Explain.

SECTION -C
Questions No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions.
 SCIENCE Ii

' ; . ; ; ; =m oxide, as shown in

1111111-..,h ~~<il."~*"'i!UNSl~,nm11,~ ~ :•~ - ··
27. A. Anirudh took two metal oxides, alumi~i oxi e an . ou uide/ help Anirudh to
the pictures given below. But he forgot to label them. How will Y g
identify the oxides and labe!)hem? .d (Cu2S) and Co
B· In an activity Aishu was given two substances, Copper Sulphi e. C pper
' · • ble to extract opper
Oxide (Cu2O), to obtain copper from ·these compounds. S~e was a . .
successfully. Illustrate 1 'with the help of chemical ·equations how Atshu nught have
completed the activity. '
;J rl
28. Attempt either option A or B.
A.
(i) In the given series of reactions, name the compounds X and Z.
(ii) Which type of reaction is :X to Z?

NaCl + H20 + coJ + NHJ . - .

,l

(iii)You are given 3 unknown solutions, A, B, and C, with pH values of 6, 8 and 9.5,
respectively. bi 'whicff solution will
the m aximum number of hydrbnium ions be
present? Arrange the given samples in the increasing order ofH+ ion concentration.
OR
'\ I
B. Comment on the following statements!>-u.
(i) Bee sting is treated with baking soda paste, whereas wasp sting is treated with dilute
,I_
vmegar. f I

(ii) Farmers treat soil with quicklime when tilling.

(iii) Ancient sculptures and marble structures are conserved by treating them with certain
chemicals.

29. Water is used by the leaves of the plants for photosynthesis, but rather than watering the
leaves, we water the plant through the s9il._ I-lpw does .this water reach the leaves of the
plant?

~ EXAMPOiNT
 SCIENCE (l
3o. A. In a family of four individuals, the father possessed long ears, and the mother possessed
short ears. If the parents had pure dominant and recessive traits, respectively, then calculate
the ratio of the genetic makeup of the F2 generation. Show a suitable cross.
B. If the father had short ears and the mother had long ears, explain what effect it will have
on the ratio of genetic makeup in the F2 generation.

31. A. What is the fundamental difference between hypermetropia and myopia in terms of the
optical experience of a person?
B. The diagram below shows a special case of an eye defect. ~
(i) What is the defect that is shown in the figure?
(ii) State one cause for such a defect.
(iii)Explain with reason ,if a concave lens can be used to correct the defect.

32. A. State the relationship between the resistance R of a wire to its length 1and cross-sectional
area A. Use the mathematical symbols to arrive at the final formula. lqc
B. Using the formula, define the resistivity of a material.

33.

Mona was experimenting with a magnetic compass and a straight current-carrying wire.
She observed that as she moved the compass away from the current-carrying wire, the
deflection of the compass needle reduced.
A. Explain why the deflection of the compass needle reduced as Mona moved away the
compass needle from the'current carrying wire.
B. Mention one thing that could have changed in the circuit of the wire that could have
increased the deflection of the needle.
C. Explain with reason what will be the direction of the magnetic field associated with the
wire for the case described by the above figure.

SECTIDN-D
Questions No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions. " ::, ,,
34. Attempt either option A or B.
EXAMPOiNT
 SCIENCE m
A.
(i) "Keerthi thinks that Substitution reaction occurs in saturated Hydrocarbons; on the
contrary, Krishi tlunks it occurs in unsaturated Hydrocarbons." Justify with valid
reasoning whose thinking is correct.
(ii) "Methane and Propane and their Isomers are used as fuels" Comment. Draw the
electron dot structure of the immediate lower homologue of Propane. Give any two
characteristics of homologues of a given homologous series.
(iii)A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you predict why a mixture
of ethyne and air is not used?
OR
B.
(i) . 'A' & 'B' are sodium salts of long-chain carboxylic acid and long-chain Sulphonic acid,
respectively. Which one of A or B would you prefer as a cleansing agent while using
underground water (hand pump water)? Give the reason for your answer.
(ii) Elaborate on the process of cleansing action. Illustrate micelle with the help of a
labelled diagram.
(iii)Write the chemical equation of the preparation of soap from an ester CH3COOCH3.
What is the name of this process?
' I •

35. Attempt either\~!ionA or B.

A. ,nd · '
The image below shows a banana plant which is growing with the help of suckers. These
suckers are small plant stem outgrowths that can be separated from the main plant and
planted separately, and they will grow into a new plant subsequently.

(i) Give the name and type of reproduction that is shown in the image above.
(ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type of reproduction
mentioned above.
(iii)The above plant produces male flowers. Explain how this plant will be involved in
the process of pollination. )
 SCIENCE I
(iv)Why is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely identical to its parent plant?
OR
B.
The image below shows a developing fetus in the mother's womb. The developing fetus is
connected to the placenta by means of the umbilical cord. The Umbilical vein and artery
run inside the umbilical cord.

placenta

umbilical arteries
amniotic fluid
umbilical vein

(i) Name two substances that move through the blood vessels.
(ii) If the placenta has less villi, how will it affect the baby's gro.J!Kh
(iii)Name the region where the embryo d~velops inside the female b9dy. Explain how
this region is adapted for nourishing the baby.
(iv)Some of the fetal cells fall off into the amniotic fluid and can be collected by careful
procedure. The cells were screened and found to contain XY chromosomes.
a) What is the sex of the foetus?
b) How is this prenatal sex determination misused?

36. Attempt either option A or B.

A.

2.0A

The above circuit is a part of an electrical device. Use the information given in the question
to calculate the following.
(i) Potential Difference across R2.
(ii) Value of the resistance R2. )
(iii) Value of resistance R1. \, ~rn,
I I ' ,t! lJ W(I •

OR 1q ~r

~ EXAM POiNT
-
 SCIENCE

B.

As shown in the figure above, A and B are two lamps. Lamp A is rated at 12 V, 24W. Lamp
Bis rated at 6.0 V. When lamp B operates at its rated voltage, the current in it is 3.0 A. The
values ofR1 and Ri are chosen so that both lamps operate at their rated voltages. Based on
the information given, answer the following.
(i) Calculate the current in Lamp A.
(ii) State and give the reason for the reading of the Voltmeter.
(iii) Calcu~rthe resistance ofR2.
(iv) Find the value of the resistance R 1 •

SECTIDN-E
Questions No. 37 to 39 are case.:..basedldata-based questions.
37.
1. 0+H20 _______;,; ,;,____,_____.~ 0
ELECTROLYSIS + [ill + fill
CAUSTIC ANODE CATHODE
SODA

2. 0
MOLTEN
-=~_..,.
ELECTROLYSIS
t~l '+~I '-[ill
CATHODE ANODE

3. ~+CH3COOH - - -..... ~+[ill

4. CH 3COOH + [§] -~...._._-.,
Cone
H2S0
.. [!]
4

5. ~ +0 ----...(I]+[§]
A. Derive the names of A, Y, z, M, p & R
Attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Improvise an activity to test z.
OR
c. Name the process in which compounds X y &
' ·
z are i.onne
.c. d fr
om A
.
Justify your
response. .

EXAMPOiNT
 SCIENCE II
38. Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of a plant growing in the shade bend towards the
sunlight. Whereas, leaves of 'Touch me not' plant fold and droop soon after touching. They
were curious to know how these movements occur in plants.

A. Shoots of a plant bending towards light

B. Folding of leaves Touch' me not planf g hr,'

In order to help them understand the movements of the plants, an~r the following
questio~s: ")rf 1
(I • • I

Attempt either subpart A or B.

A. What causes the bending of shoots in the plants, as shown in Figure A?

,.,,.. t

. · OR ·
B. What causes the folding of the leaves in the 'Touch rrte i:iot' plant, as shown in Figure
B?
C. Compare the movemen t of growth of the pollen tube towards the ovule with the
movemen ts shown in part A of the above figure.
D. Compare the movemen t shown in Figure B with the movement of body parts in the
animals.
39.
1,

light rays from plane

mirror--.►,,
a dista_nt star
• mirror

eyepiece j •

The above image is that of a reflecting telescope. Reflecting telescopes revolutioI,Used our
Jways ·of looking into the sky. 1:hey employ mirrors to gather and focus light, rather than
relying solely on lenses as in their refracting counterparts. These telescopes utilise precisely
shaped and _poli~hed mirrors to capture incoming light_and reflect it to a focal point, where
· it forms an image for observation. . . . 1J<> 1 msYf '
>q2~';

,I ;} EXAM POiNT ~ IEII

 ~
STD - XQUESTION BANK
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.< ' SCIENCE
I
A. What kind of image of the star is seen by the observer at the eyepiece?
B. What kind of mirror is used in this reflecting telescope?
Attempt either subpart C or D .

.., f t Explain with reason what kind of optical device (type of lens or mirror) that is used at
. the eyepiece.
Ii i
OR
D. What is ·the role odxthe plane mirror in the telescope?

. . ANSWERS ·
I. A. 2,2,4
2 Pb(NO3)2(s) Heat ► 2 PbO(s) + 4 NO2(g) + O2(g)
2. B. a - (iii), b :- (i), c - (iv), d - (ii)
3. A. C2HsOH
When the bulb does not light up, it indicates .that the s.olution is non-conductive, therefore
confirming its.fflJJ.ure as an organic solvent. ·
4. C. A has a pH greater than 7, and B has a pH less than 7
Solution 'A' turns phenolphthalein pink, indicating that it is basic (pH > 7). When an acidic
solution, 'B' (pH< 7), is added, the pink colour disappears, suggesting that 'B' neutralises
the base.
5. C. Displacement reaction
Lead displaces copper from copper sufphate solution, leading to the formation of lead
sulphate and copper metal. The solution becomes colourless because copper is no longer in
_
4
the solution, indicating a displacement reaction.
6. C. X is a non-metal, and Y is a metal.
X (2, 8, 7) has 7 electrons in its outermost ·shell, indicating it is a non-metal (likely a
halogen).
Y (2, 8, 2) has 2 electrons in its outermost shell, making it a metal (likely an alkaline earth
metal). ·
z (2, 8) has a complete outer shell, indicating it is a noble gas and chemically inert.
7. B. Cooking of food
Cooking food is an endothermic reaction because it requires the absorption of heat from
the surroundings to cook the food. The other reactions listed are exothermic as they release
heat.
8. D. carbon dioxide in human cells
Maximum ATP is produced during the complete breakdown of glucose in the presence. of
oxygen in humans, resulting in the production of CO2.
9. B. contraction Qfthe left ventricle
The left side of the heart carries oxygenated blood. During the contraction of the left
ventricle, oxygenated blood is transported to different parts of the body through the aorta.
10. D. Longer small intestine _ .
Cellulose is hard to digest. Longer small intestine ensures more time for the digestion of
~
celluld' ~1 c , · · !-;5·1d JtHL .1: , (' 11 . ·
 STD - X QUESTION BANK
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SCIENCE I
11. C. Posture and balance.
( .
The cerebellum in the hindbrain ·controls body posture and balance.
12. D. Sex is not genetically determined in snails.
13. B. A ray passes through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely.
· When a ray passes through the centre of curvature ofa concave mirror, it-hits'·the mirror
perpendicularly to its surface. This makes the angle of incidence zero because the ray
strikes the mirror along the normal to the surface at the point of incidence.
14. C. Red Violet .
15. C. It utilises 10% of light energ)" ~d transfers the rest to the nexM!trophic level.
16. B. Enrichment of oxygen in the atmosphere.
The enrichment of oxygen in the atmosphere is the function of plants.
17. A . .A. i's true, but R is false · . ·
. · In the reaction, hydrogen·is displaced by.metal X.
18. B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
19. B. Both A and· Rare true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
20. D. A is false, but R is true.
If lions are removed from the food chain, it will affect the food chain.
21. A. Exothermic/Pisplacement reaction/Redo": reac_tion. ,b rl'
Heat is evolved, or a more reactive element di~places a less reactive etelnent, o:r: aluminium
reduces iron (II) oxide to iron ')lg 1
B. Double displacement / Precipitation reaction ' 'lu1 ' ·

As there is an exchange of ions ·between reactants and products / a (Yellow) precipitate (of
Lead iodide) is formed.
22.
S.No. Feature Alveoli Nephron
Balloon-like structures
Structure and present at the terminal Tubular structure-.
1 ends of bronchioles in the present in kidneys
location
lungs
Filtration of blood
2 Function Exchange of gases
to form urine
23. A. ~teps involved in the synthesis of glucose in plants (Photosynthesis)
• Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
• Conversion of light energy to chemical energy
• splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
• Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
During the night, desert plants take in carbon dioxide and produce an intermediate. This
intermediate is then acted upon by the energy that is absorbed -by chlorophyll cells during
the day. ·
OR
. B.
(i) Salivary amylase converts complex starch into simple maltose.
(ii) Pepsin helps in protein digestion in the stomach.
(iii) Trypsin breaks down pro~C?ip,into amino ~cids. .:.1 J G~
(iv)Lipase is a fat-digesting enzyme that breaks down emulsified fats into f~~),' )~cids and
glycerol.
..·EXAMPOiNT
 SCIENCE I
24. A. The lens is a convex lens.
B. The image is virtual.
C . Magm'fication
. V
for lens = -
hi
= -ho = 2.
u
- 30 cm
--
. -=2
u
Hence, u = -15 cm. ~
25.A.P=VI
= 230 X 3.5 = 805 W
¼,
I oc So, half the rei istance, means double the current.
Therefore, current in Y = 7.0 A.
OR
B. For series, total resistance is R + 2R = 3R
y2
P1 = -
3R
For parallel total Resistance is~
3
y2 3y2
P2=-- -
2R/3 2R
P1 2
-=- .s b.
P2 9
26. Pesticides are
tft>n-biodegradable and persist for long. So when humans consume plants or
any animal that consumes this plant, the pesticide enters the food chain and keeps
accumulating at each trophic level. Thus', the organism in the last trophic level-human being
has the highest concentration of pesticide, ·and this is called biological magnification.
27. A. An aqueous solution of magnesium oxide causes the red ·litmus to convert to blue.
Aluminium oxide exhibits amphoteric prope~ies and is totally insoluble in water. That is,
it doesn't change the colour of either 9lue or red litmus.
OR
Magnesium oxide reacts with acid only, whereas Aluminium oxide reacts with acids and
bases, which are amphoteric.
B. 2Cu2S + 3O2(g) H Heat ► 2Cu2O(s) + 2SO2(g)
eat
2Cu2O _+ Cu2S ► 6Cu(s) + SO2(g)
28. A. (i) X = NaHCO3; Z = Na2CO3
(ii) Decomposition reaction
(iii) Solution A
(iv) Increasing order or H+ ions C < B < A.
OR
B. (i) As bee sting is acidic and wasp sting is basic.
(ii) To change the nature of the soil to (neutral or basic).
(iii) To protect sculptures from the effects of certain gases pre t . h .
ac1·d ram.
· . · . sen m t e environment and
29. Water ~nte,rs the root through simple diffusion, creating a root . .
Xylem tissue helps in the further conduction of water It . . pressure ms1de the root.
system of water-conducting channels th&t transpo~ ts an !nterconnected continuous
Transpiration pull becomes the major driving force for th water m the upward direction.
i.e., the suction force created in the xylem due to the los: n;.ovement of water in the xylem.
0
30. A. . water through stomata.
t· '

~n , r , •• _: L • I
 SCIENCE

Parents LL X ff
Long Ears Short Ears

Gametes
0 0)
F,generation Lf
Long Ears

Parents Lf X L;f
Long Ears Long Ears

Gametes

F2generation ff
Long E.ars .Long Ears Long Ears short Ears
B. As the cross is still between pure dominant and pure recessive traits so, there will be no
change in the genotypic ratio of the F2 generatjon. i.e., LL: LI: 11 = 1:2:1.
31. A. Hypermetropia is a visual impairment characterised by a decreased ability to focus on
nearby things, but improved clarity of vision is seen for distant objec~ ~yopia is defined
by the blurring of distant objects and the clear vision of nearby ones. ,srh 1
B. .
(i) The photograph shows a case of hypermetropia.
(ii) The eyeball undergoes shortening, or the focal length of the eye lens abnormally
mcreases. 1

(iii) The concave lens would cause the rays reaching the eyeball to diverge, therefore
pushing the picture even further. Mowe~er, a convex lens should be employed to facilitate
the convergence of the rays and produ9e the image precisely at the desired point on the
retina.
32. A.
R oc l
l
R oc A
l
R= p-
A

B.
l
R = p-A ., ' .
A
p=R-l
For A =lm2 and l =Im, we have ;,
p=R , . .
Hence, resistivity is the resistance offered by a wire of length 1 m having a cross-sectional
area of 1 m 2.
33. A. The magnetic field strength exhibits an inverse relationship with the distance from the
wire that carries the current. Therefore, when Mona shifted the compass further from the
wire that carried the current, the magnetic influence on it was reduced, resulting in a
smaller deflection response.
B. The strength of the magnetic field is directly proportional to the current flowing

EXAMPOiNT r-
 SCIENCE I
. . the compass needle,
through the wire. In order to see a more pronounced deflection tn
Mona might increase the current applied to the circuit. . . from the uppermost part
C. The battery indicates that the current is flowing ~ a ~trectf;e right-hand thumb rule
of the plane to the lowermost part of the plane. Apphcatio~ 0 .
· d. th 1cw· e drrect1on.
m 1cates at the magnetic field will exhibit a c1oc ts 1
. saturated hydrocarbons,
34. A. (i) Keerthi's reasoning is accurate on substitution proc~: ::0saturated hydrocarbons
where hydrogen atoms are substituted with heteroatoms. d;f n of simple molecules
1 10
undergo an addition reaction, the addition involves the a
through double and triple bonds. . nee of oxygen yield a
th
(ii) Combustion reactions of methane and propane m e pr;se pane has the electron
significant quantity of energy. Ethane, the lower homologue O pro '
dot configuration as follows:

Two characteristics are

• Difference in -CH2- / 14u molecular mass of any two adjacent homologues.
• Same general formula/ functional group.
(iii) The mixture of ethyne and oxygen in sufficient amounts undergoes complete
combustion to fire a clean blue flame. In the pressure of an insufficient supply of oxygen
or the presence of air, ethyne does not undergo complete combustion and produces a sooty
flame.
OR
B.
(i) 'B' is preferred for cleansing action. The calcium and magnesium salts present in
underground water are pr~cipitated, '":i~ carboxylic a~ids. The _ca++ and Mg++ salts of
sulphonic acid are soluble,m water. B ts a more effective cleansmg agent in the presence
of Ca and Mg salts.
(ii)
• Soaps are molecul~s in which t~e two ends have ~iffering properties; one is hydrophilic,
that is, it dissolves m water, while the other end 1s hydrophobic, that is, it dissolves in
hydrocarbons. . .
• The molecules of soap are sodium or potassmm salts of long-chain carb . .d The
· 1 · t hil th b oxy 11c act s.
l· onic end of soap d1sso ves m wa er, w e e car on chain dissol . . Th
. ves m 011. e soap
m olecules thus form structures called micelles where one end of the . d
'
· e oil droplet ' · · · d c. ·d · mo 1ecu1 es 1s towar s
th while the tome en 1aces outs1 e. This forms an emulst. .
· 1vmg
· d1sso · water and we can wash
· th e d.1rt m on m water· The soap
micelle thus helps m
our c1othes clean.
 SCIENCE

r--~~6~-:: .cC,)._Oil
droplet

JI

,r•
Na+

(iii) CH3COOCH3+ NaOH --+ CH3COONa+ CH 30H

The process is saponification.
35. A.
(i) Vegetative propagation
(ii) ~dvantages of vegetative propagation for a farmer
• More crops can be produced in the same time interval -..
• Crops produced are genetically identical to the parent , ~
• Not to rely on pollinators · .~ -
(iii)A plant with only male flowers will undergo cross-pollinatio n. i.e.~ transfer of pollen
from the anther to the stigma of another banana plant with the help of pollinating agents
like wind, water, insects, etc.
(iv) Minor changes in offspring caused due to variation produced during the process of
copying DNA (replication).
,,
OR

B.
(i) Nutrients, glucose, oxygen, waste, etc, move through the blood vessels.
(ii) The fewer villi in the placenta, the lesser the surface area availaole for nutrient transfer
from the mother to the embryo. Thus growth of embryos will be slow.
(iii)The uterus is the region where the embryo develops inside the female body. It has a
thick lining with a rich supply of blood to nourish the embryo.
(iv)a) XY chromosome-M ale child
b) Prenatal Sex determination is misused as if the foetus is female; some people engage
in aborting the child, leading to female foeticide.

36. A. (i) Potential difference across 4 n resistor= Potential difference across R2 as both are
in parallel.
1.s(A) x 4 n = 6 v
(ii) Total Current through 4 n and R2 = 2.0 A (given).
Current through 4 n = 1.5 A (given)
Hence current through R2 = 2 - 1.5 = 0.5 A
Using Ohm's law for Ri, we get
6 V= 0.5 Ax R2
Hence Ri = 6/0.5 = 12 n

fL::; EXAMPOiNT
 SCIENCE I
... . . (Potential difference across
(m) Potential difference across R 1 = Total Potential difference -
~) - (p.d. across 2.0 n)
The potential difference across 2.0 n = 2 x 2 = 4 V
The potential difference across R.i = 6 V (calculated before)
Hence, Potential difference across R1 = 12 - 6 - 4 = 2 V
Current through R1 = 2A
Using Ohm's Law, we get
2V ,u
R1 =-= tn
2A
OR
B.
(i) Use of P = IV
l=P+V=24 W+ 12V
Current in lamp A - 2 A
(ii) Voltmeter reading= 12 V
Lamp A and Lamp B are in parallel.
Hence, the potential difference across the arm containing A = potential difference across
the arm containing B = 12 V (from a)
(iii) Potential difference across R 2 + potential difference across B = 12 V.
The potential difference across B = 6 V (given)
Hence potentiaLdifference across R2 = 12 V - 6 V = 6V
Current through R2 = Current through B = 3A (given)
Use ofR=V/1
R2 =6V/3A = 20
(iv) Current through R1 = Total Current= 3A+2A = 5A
The potential difference across R1 = 15V -12 V = 3V R1 = 3V/5A = 0.6 n
37. A.
A - Sodium chloride
Y - Chlorine gas,
Z - Hydrogen gas,
M - Sodium metal,
P - Sodium ethanoate
R - Ethyl ethanoate/ester
B. Any activity similar to the given figure
-- - l>dlve,y lube

,'- -Bumlnfl of bydr-opn

IIU"Wllb a pop l<iund

n.tlube - - -
Dlluu: -i<-------,.
aul-pburlc
add
Zlnr. .,..,,..... - - -

~
Figure 21 Reaction of zinc granules with dilute sulpliurlc
acid and testing hydrogen gas by burning

OR

~ EXAM POiNT
 SCIENCE ii
C. Chlor-all(aJi pro..cess:, The· pro~ess is , called tqe chl9r-ijlk~li process because of the
products formed from chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
38. The bending of shoots o·fpl~nts in resp~nscfto the ;ti~ulus (iight) is a directional, growth-
. , .i~~Ja~d mpvt?II\ent. When growing plants detect sunlight, auxin is synthesiseq at ~th~. shopt
tip, helping the cells to grow longer. When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin
diffuses to the shady side of the shoot. This concentration of auxin stimulates the1 ~ells of
, the shRot ,to gro~ l~nger op. the side of tqe shoot,1 whic~ aWay fr9m .the light. Thus, the J~
plant ~appeafs to bend tpwards light. ,
. ,i t1
. . •
. I . ·1, t , • •. ~
• ,

OR 'J

B. l;,~ave~ of the '~9uch me not' nJ~nt re~Rond toJthe sti~ulus (touch) PY .sbowing ~owth-
independent mov~ment. These plants , 1use ,electrjcal-chemical means ,to convey the
• • \ f " I t l .. T

infonµationl from cell to cell. Movement

f
happens at a point, different from the point of
I J t I I

t~ych., Plant ~ells chan_ge shape by chan_gi!}g the, ~ount of water in th~, resul!ing in
swelling or shri$flg, and ther~fqft;, ~ 19h~,ging_s.~~p~. . · 1 :
is an example of chemotropism, whereas
C. Growth of pollen tubes towards
.. f ovule
the f j JI ..,--- ,.... ., l l J

bending of shoots towards sunlight' is an 'exaniplei>tphototropism. JfiiJ

D. _ Jllib
I• •
h r.;i-:-,
Movement of touch me not plant Movedtents of body parts· in animals
• (Tq5, pioy e~ e~t . ~s .,aytoipatic I a~d • ¥oyement c~ be vo\1:1Iltary (decided
passive in response to an external by the brain) or involunuµy (like
stimulus. . reflt?xes) 1. .

• No control over it once the stimulus . l/ • -. ~wfrh conscious']control over most

is received movements.
, rI ,. There , is no r·specialised tissue in' , . • 11.Neu:rons conduct information.
,, , ,,. , plants for I the conduction of I I.' i, , • 1 i , i: 1, • • l '
information. • In animal cells, change m shape
• In animal cells, change m shape occurs because of the specialised
occurs because of the specialised proteins found in muscle c~lls
proteins found in muscle cells
39. A. Real Image (the fmal image is formed due to the lens at the eye-piece)
B. Concave Mirror
1
C. A-converging lens is used at the eyepiece to ~ollect thq n1ys from the plane mirror and
help the viewer to see a real erect image of the star.
OR
D. The plane mirror laterally inverts the image formed by the curved mirror and its position
helps to direct the rays towards the eye-piece. ;

I '

( I '
,· . _I I I I 1 J •

• I

... ,
l I

I • ' I : J (. '.JJ

• I

. 'I